Design of an MAC protocol for distributed wireless network with low power consumption

为了提高分布式全双工无线网络的能量效率,提出了一种改进的低功耗全双工媒体访问控制（MAC）协议.不同于传统的MAC协议,该MAC协议通过降低数据包以及确认包的传输功率来实现能量有效性.提出的MAC协议支持双向以及单向两种链路,并保持对传统半双工节点具有向后兼容性,实现了较高的吞吐量.通过基于随机几何的方法对提出的MAC协议进行了仿真分析与性能评估,结果证明了其有效性和准确性,是全双工无线网络可行的一种解决方案.In order to improve the energy efficiency of the distributed full duplex wireless network, an improved full duplex medium access control (MAC) protocol with low power consumption was proposed. Unlike the traditional MAC protocol, the proposed MAC protocol could achieve the energy efficiency through reducing the transmission power of data and acknowledgement packets. The proposed MAC protocol supported both bidirectional and unidirectional links, and maintained the backward compatibility to the traditional half duplex nodes, which could achieve a high throughput. The simulation analysis and performance evaluation for the proposed MAC protocol were carried out based on the random geometry method. The results verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. The proposed method is a feasible solution scheme for the full duplex wireless network. ? 2017, Editorial Department of Journal of Shenyang University of Technology. All right reserved.国家文化部科技创新资助项目（WHBKJCXXM20142554）;国家文化部科技提升资助项目（GJWHKJTSXM20151991）; 江苏省高等教育教改课题资助项目（2015jsjg411

2016年夏季南海海盆水体颗粒物粒径分布特征

颗粒物粒径分布（Particle Size Distribution,PSD）代表了颗粒物浓度与颗粒物粒径之间的关系,影响着海洋生态环境和水体光学特性等。文章基于2016年夏季航次调查的生物光学剖面数据,研究了南海海盆海域PSD的分布特征。研究发现,幂律函数可以较好地拟合南海海盆区域的PSD,对数空间中的实测的PSD与模拟的PSD平均决定系数高达0.95。PSD斜率（ξ）的分布范围为[1.27,7.65],均值为3.93±0.56。南海海盆区域表层水体的ξ均值与全球大洋表层水体的ξ均值相近,但高于海湾等表层水体的ξ均值。ξ能较好地表征颗粒物平均粒径DA的大小,两者存在明显负相关关系,即ξ值越高,DA越小;反之,DA越大。通过分析T1断面的生物光学剖面数据及总体平均的PSD剖面数据,发现PSD剖面分布特征如下:1)表层水体的ξ值相对较高,且DA值相对较低,推测可能是由于微微型藻类为主导颗粒物所致;2)ξ值极小值层出现在次表层叶绿素浓度极大值层（Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum Layer,SCML）中,并伴随DA极大值层的出现,其原因可能是SCML中的大粒径浮游植物占比显著增加;3)弱光层中的ξ值较SCML中的高,但略低于表层的ξ值,而DA则位于表层与SCML的DA之间,这可能与浮游植物及其碎屑的絮凝、分解、沉降等过程相关。PSD特征影响着海水的固有光学特性,分析发现:由于SCML中的叶绿素浓度增加,颗粒物散射系数（bp（532））和颗粒物后向散射系数(bbp（532）)也相应呈现显著增加的趋势。弱光层中的平均bp（532）与平均bbp（532）最小。ξ与颗粒物衰减光谱斜率之间呈高分散性,Boss等（2001b）的模型适合用于粗略估算区域性的ξ分布范围及均值。国家自然科学基金(41576030,41431176,4176045,4176044,41376042);;热带海洋环境国家重点实验室自主研究项目(LTOZZ1602);;广州市科技计划重点项目(201504010034,201707020023,201607020041);;广东省科技计划重点项目(2016A020222008);;中科院A类先导专项(XDA11040302)~

Surface N_2O Flux from 4 Different Typical Forest Stands in Growing Season in Subtropical South China

为了探讨森林地表N2O通量特征,在湖南省大山冲森林公园选取4种典型的亚热带森林类型:杉木人工纯林(CL)、马尾松-石栎-南酸枣针阔混交林(PM)、南酸枣-豹皮樟-四川山矾-台湾冬青阔叶混交林(CA)、青冈-石栎-马尾松-南酸枣常绿阔叶林(CG),采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法测定4种森林类型的地表N2O通量,研究亚热带地区典型森林类型土壤N2O通量在生长季的变化特征。结果表明:在生长季除南酸枣-石栎林表现为N2O的汇外[-27.21μg/(m2·h)],其余3种林分地表通量均表现为N2O的源,平均通量按从大到小的顺序为:马尾松-石栎林[34.61μg/(m2·h)]>杉木纯林[30.48μg/(m2·h)]>青冈林-石栎[5.82μg/(m2·h)];从整个生长季来看,不同坡位马尾松-石栎林、杉木纯林、青冈林-石栎和南酸枣-石栎地表N2O通量的变化不明显;相关性分析表明,不同林分之间的N2O通量与土壤湿度、温度等理化性质有密切关系,土壤水分是影响该地区森林地表N2O通量的主要因子,温度通过影响土壤水分间接影响土壤N2O的释放量

Advances in the research of methane oxidation in forest soils

甲烷是一种重要的温室气体,对全球气候变暖的贡献仅次于CO2,约为25%。大气甲烷可以被土壤中甲烷氧化细菌在有氧条件下吸收利用,陆地生态系统森林土壤氧化吸收甲烷的研究已有大量报道。甲烷氧化菌是以甲烷作为唯一的碳源和能源的一类细菌的总称。但森林土壤在全球甲烷核算中具有一定的不确定性,取决于产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌的相对活性。甲烷氧化菌的研究集中在环境对氧化能力的影响和自身氧化能力上。大气甲烷氧化过程为高氧化能力低亲力氧化,受到一些因子,如土壤温度、土壤通气状况、pH、氮肥等的影响,具体机理的研究还有待进一步深入。土壤通气状况受土壤质地与土壤水分影响,土地利用类型可能改变土壤容重、土壤结构和土壤水分,进而影响土壤甲烷氧化。植物可以通过自身对生境的作用或化感作用影响土壤甲烷氧化。土壤动物的研究则相对较少,目前排放清单中仅有白蚁是全球甲烷核算所包括的。从甲烷氧化菌的分类出发,对甲烷氧化菌氧化甲烷的机理、菌的生态分布及甲烷氧化的影响因素、时空异质性、观测方法等作出了综述,为正确认识和准确预测森林土壤在一定气候和土地利用类型条件下的甲烷氧化强度提供理论依据

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies