A TWO-PARTICLE TURBIDIMETRIC LATEX IMMUNOASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES OF TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

目的　建立旋毛虫病的快速检测技术。方法　基因工程抗原包被有色乳胶颗粒，抗抗体包被磁性颗粒，在抗体存在下形成抗原－ 乳胶－ 抗体－ 抗抗体－ 磁性颗粒的复合场，在磁场作用下沉淀下来，从而达到快速检测旋毛虫相关抗体的目的。结果　１９ 份人工感染鼠血清、５ 份人工感染猪血清、３ 份旋毛虫病猪血清、４ 份病人血清均呈阳性反应，而对照血清均为阴性反应；该方法在鼠感染旋毛虫后第五天可测出ＩｇＭ 抗体，第九天可测出ＩｇＧ抗体。结论　本检测技术简便易行，不需专用设备，可望成为一种快速诊断旋毛虫病的有效方法。Aim To establish a rapidly detecting method for the specific antibodies of Trichinella spiralis Method Latex was coated with p49/GST and polystyrene beads(Dynabeads)were coated with anti-antibodies SAM-IgG、SAH-IgG、RAP-IgG or SAM-IgM Then the test serum was incubated with two particles for 30 min at room temperature with slowly shaking After sedimentation of the polystyrene beads with a magnet,the turbidity of the resultant latex suspension was estimated with eyes or measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 400nm Results Positive result of IgG antibody were found in 19 sera of experimental infected mice,3 sera of experimental infected swine and 4 sera of patients The IgM and IgG can be check up in mice after 5 and 9 days after experimental infection The result agreed with those obtained by ELISA Conclusion A two-particle turbidimetric latex immunoassy established by this study is a rapid,easy and precise method for the diagnosis of the trichinosis福建省科委(农医)项目!(95-Z150

DIAGNOSIS OF TRICHINOSIS BY ELISA WITH P49/GST ANTIGEN

目的以纯化的融合蛋白 p49/GST为抗原建立ELISA检测方法。方法对一批试验血清进行间接ELISA检测。结果 19份人工感染鼠血清、5份人工感染猪血清、4份旋毛虫病猪血清、4份病人血清呈IgG抗体阳性 ,2 1份人工感染鼠血清呈IgM抗体阳性 ,而正常对照血清及 30 0份屠宰场待检猪血清均呈阴性反应 ,其结果与常规压片法结果相符。结论融合蛋白p49/GST对于研制旋毛虫病的诊断抗原具有的潜在应用价值Aim To establish ELISA detecting method for the specific antibodies of Trichinella spiralis.Method A series of confirmed trichinosis sera were detected with ELISA with fusion protein p49/GST.Results Positive results of IgG antibody were found in 19sera of experimental infected mouse and 3sera of infected swine and 4 sera of patients;positive results of IgM antibody were found in 21 sera of experimental infected mouse .All normal sera were negative. Conclusion The ELISA with p49/GST can be regarded as a sensitive, specific immunological method for the diagnosis of trichinosis.福建省重点(农医 )项目资助!(项目号 :95 -Z -15 0

Research on the Shear Banding in High Speed Extrusion Machining of Metals

高速切削是集高效、优质、低耗于一身的先进制造技术，是切削加工技术的发展方向，具有广阔的应用前景。但是对于国防、航空航天等领域中应用比较广泛的钛合金及镍基高温合金这类难加工金属材料，随着切削速度的提高，切屑形貌发生由连续带状向锯齿型的转变。锯齿型切屑形貌的产生会导致在高速切削加工过程中，切削力的周期性波动，刀具寿命减小，新加工表面加工精度的降低。这种缺陷严重制约了高速切削加工技术的广泛应用，为了克服这一缺陷，本文提出了高速约束切削的加工技术，并对约束切削的力学行为和机理展开了系统的研究，阐明了高速约束切削抑制热塑性剪切带主导的锯齿状不稳定切屑流动的物理机制。建立了准静态约束切削的实验平台，研究了约束装置对变形场的影响，发现了施加约束改变了材料流入主剪切区的速度方向，进一步提出了表征约束切削变形场的剪切应变公式。基于分离式Hopkinson压杆（SHPB），建立高速约束切削的实验平台，研究了钛合金Ti6Al4V和镍基高温合金IN718的切屑形貌和微观组织结构随约束挤压程度的变化规律。发现了随着约束程度的增大，切屑形貌发生由锯齿型向连续带状的转变；随着约束程度的进一步增大，变形模式将发生从局部化变形向均匀变形的转变。为了揭示高速约束切削过程中变形模式发生转变背后的物理机制， 建立了高速约束切削的理论模型，得到了变形模式发生转变的理论判据；发现了变形模式的转变是热软化、应变硬化、应变率硬化、加工硬化及约束硬化相互作用的结果。切屑微观形貌观测结果显示，约束装置对剪切带的演化有显著的抑制作用，进而影响多重剪切带的间距。基于动量扩散理论，我们建立了预测高速约束切削剪切带间距的理论模型，通过约束挤压程度与剪切带演化程度的相互关联，对高速约束切削的剪切带间距进行了预测。我们利用准静态切削装置，进行了准静态自由切削冻结实验，通过透射电镜微结构表征技术，在剪切带形成前后观察到了动态再结晶现象。揭示出在准静态自由切削条件下，动态再结晶是剪切带形成的物理起源

The effect of chitin synthesis inhibitor on the mango brown leafhopper (chunrocerus niveosparsus (leth)) and its natural enemy, an eggparasitoid (gonatocerus sp.)

本研究之目的在探討殺蟲劑對檬果褐葉蟬及卵寄生蜂之影響。在實驗內以各種殺蟲劑 試驗對檬果褐葉蟬(Idioscopus clypealis (Leth.))之防治效果，結果顯示一般推薦 使用之農業以 90%納乃得可濕性粉劑 (methomyl) 、85% 加保利可濕性粉劑(Carbar- yl) 、50% 達馬松溶液(methamidophos) 、50% 賽護寧溶液(Flucythrinate) 等防治 成蟲及若蟲皆可達到防治的效果，唯對檬果褐葉蟬之天敵，一種卵寄生蜂(Gonatoce- rs sp.) 之致死率亦達百分之百。為保護檬果褐葉蟬之天敵，本實驗先以昆蟲幾丁質 抑制劑(Insect chitin inhibitor) 布芬凈可濕性粉劑(Buprofezin)防治檬果褐葉蟬 若蟲，其防治效果亦可達百分之百，而對卵寄生蜂之致死效果并不顯著；經另以其它 種類之昆蟲生調節劑（或青春激素）， 75% Trigard、 25%Insegar 等作比較，結果 以布芬凈對檬果褐葉蟬若蟲之致死效果最好；以布芬凈對卵寄生蜂之致死效果則無顯 著影響。 布芬凈可有效防治檬果褐葉蟬的若蟲，對成蟲則無顯著影響，其可使成蟲的產卵數減 少；對卵的孵化亦有抑制作用。 檬果褐葉蟬第五齡若蟲分別以25% Buprofezin、25%Insegar、 20% Diazinon ＋5%- Buprofezin、 75% trigard等不同種類之昆蟲生長調節劑處理，結果對其成蟲之羽化 率分別為 6.3% 、30% 、40% 、41.3% 、及對照組80% 。成蟲羽化除部分外觀正常外 ，尚有部分個體呈現畸型例如翅變形、翅無法展開、腹部變短等現象，便死亡率增加 。 本文除了探討殺蟲劑對檬果褐葉蟬及卵寄生蜂之影響外，亦針對卵寄生蜂成蟲的壽命 作一觀察，分別將卵寄生蜂成蟲飼育有16℃、20℃、 24℃ 、28℃、 32℃ 的生長箱 (L:D=12:12 ;85±1%) ，並供給水分及蜜滴，結果雌性成蟲壽命比雄性成蟲長；在16 ℃飼養的寄生蜂壽命最長可達16日， 32℃ 飼養的寄生蜂壽命最短只有1 日

A Quantization Noise Suppression Technique for All-Digital Fractional-N PLLs

本篇論文實現了一個量化雜訊抑制的全數位小數型鎖相迴路。針對三角積分調變器所造成的量化雜訊與小數突波進行改善。此技巧透過產生新的調變路徑，量化步階與調變頻率皆可以獨自設計而不受迴路參數影響。量化雜訊能量可以因而減少且集中在高頻。此外藉由增加調變器的輸入並且在數位迴路前補償的方式，小數突波也因此被移動到高頻。因此，量化雜訊與小數突波可被迴路更有效率的抑制。 此量化雜訊抑制技巧實現於一個36億赫茲頻帶的全數位鎖相迴路。使用台積電90奈米製程，整個系統操作在1.2-V共花費9.25 mA電流。在36億赫茲下，所量測到的參考突波為 -70 dBc。相位雜訊於10-MHz頻率誤差下從 -90 dBc/Hz改善成 -121 dBc/Hz。小數突波也被抑制了5 dB。This thesis presents a quantization noise suppression technique for all-digital fractional-N PLL to address the quantization noise and fractional spur issues from the ΔΣ modulator. The proposed technique builds a new modulation path that allows the quantization step and modulation frequency to be designed independently and not limited by the loop parameters. The quantization noise power is thus reduced and shifted to higher frequency offset. In addition, by increasing modulator input value and compensating later in digital domain, the fractional spur is also shifted to higher frequency offset. Therefore, both quantization noise and fractional spur are filtered by the loop more effectively. The proposed technique is implemented in the design of a 3.6-GHz ADPLL. Fabricated in the TSMC 90-nm CMOS technology, the whole system dissipates 9.48 mA from a 1.2-V supply. At 3.6 GHz, the reference spur at 25 MHz offset is -70 dBc and the phase noise measured at 10-MHz offset is reduced from -90 dBc/Hz to -121 dBc/Hz. The fractional spur is also reduced by 5 dB

Effective strengthening and toughening in high entropy-alloy by combining extrusion machining and heat treatment

This study presents an effective strengthening and toughening approach to improve tensile properties of CrMnFeCoNi high entropy-alloy (HEA) by combining extrusion machining and short-time heat treatment. After such process, preliminary structural heterogeneity has been achieved in this alloy, of which the strength is significantly enhanced while good elongation is retained compared to its homogeneous conterparts. Microstructural characterization reveals varying degrees of partial recrystallization with more or less dislocation density for HEAs under different treatment. It is such structural inhomogeneity that imparts this alloy with good strain hardening ability at high flow stress levels

Coupling of quasi-localized and phonon modes in glasses at low frequency

Boson peak of glasses, a THz vibrational excess compared to Debye squared-frequency law, remains mysterious in condensed-matter physics and material science. It appears in many different kinds of glassy matters and is also argued to exist in damped crystals. A consensus is that boson peak originates from the coupling of the (quasi)-localized non-phonon modes and the plane-wave-like phonon modes, but the coupling behavior is still not fully understood. In this paper, by modulating the content of localized modes and the frequencies of phonon modes, the coupling is clearly reflected in the localization and anharmonicity of low-frequency vibrational modes. The coupling enhances with increasing cooling rate and sample size. For finite sample size, phonon modes do not fully intrude into the low frequency to form a dense spectrum and they are not sufficiently coupled to the localized modes, thus there is no Debye level and boson peak is ill-defined. This suggestion remains valid in the presence of thermal motions induced by temperature, even though the anharmonicity comes into play. Our results point to the coupling of quasi-localized and phonon modes and its relation to the boson peak

Hierarchical-microstructure based modeling for plastic deformation of partial recrystallized copper

Hierarchical microstructure in partial recrystallized materials can simultaneously improve the strength and ductility of metallic materials. Modeling the mechanical behavior of partial recrystallized materials helps to process materials with superior combination of ductility and strength. Here, using experimental characterization, cellular automation (CA) and finite element method, hierarchical-microstructure based modeling was proposed to simulate the tensile deformation of partial recrystallized copper. Firstly, partial recrystallized coppers with different volume fractions of recrystallization were produced by means of extrusion machining and subsequent heat treatment (HT). Uniaxial tensile tests and microstructural observations show that the hierarchical-microstructure of recrystallized grains (RGs) surrounded by elongated subgrains has a significant effect on the mechanical properties. Then, based on the experimental results, a hierarchical-microstructure based plasticity model was developed to describe the yield surface of partial recrystallized materials. CA was further employed to simulate the hierarchical microstructure. By embedding the plasticity model and simulated hierarchical-microstructure in finite element method, a finite element model (FEM) for mechanical behavior of partial recrystallized copper was proposed, where the elongated subgrain with forest dislocation and low angle grain boundary, the RG with few dislocations and twin boundary, and volume fraction of recrystallization were taken into consideration. Finally, the experimental data and the comparison with the conventional plasticity model validate the rationality of the proposed model

一种基于电磁驱动的两动体高速碰撞实验装置及方法

本发明公开了动体碰撞实验技术领域的一种基于电磁驱动的两动体高速碰撞实验装置，包括两个相对设置的电磁驱动系统，两个电磁驱动系统的出射端之间形成有碰撞区域；两个电磁驱动系统用于分别驱动一个动体以相同或者不同的预设速度向碰撞区域运动；在两动体预设速度不相同时，电磁驱动系统控制动体发射的时间，以使两个动体能够在碰撞区域发生碰撞；碰撞区域的侧面设置有数据采集模块，且数据采集模块的采集端面向碰撞区域，以获取两个动体碰撞时的数据