抗蟲基因轉殖植物之類別與其對環境中昆蟲類之影響

[[abstract]]在抗蟲基因轉殖植物的研究上，利用於抗蟲的物質主要有蘇力菌內毒素、凝集素、酵素抑制物與酵素等四類。蘇力菌內毒素（毒蛋白）（δ-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis）為蘇力菌殺蟲之主要成分，基因轉殖作物以殖入抗鱗翅目的cry1與抗鞘翅目的cry3最普遍。凝集素（Lectins）以雪花蓮凝集素（Snowdrop lectin, Galanthus nivalis agglutinin, GNA）為主，轉殖入煙草、馬鈴薯、稻米、小麥等作物，對於某些鱗翅目害蟲如蛾類與同翅目害蟲如蚜蟲、飛蝨類有抑制作用。酵素抑制物中常被利用的有豆類所含之蛋白?抑制物（Protease inhibitor）與澱粉?抑制物（α-amylase inhibitor）。蛋白?抑制物轉殖於水稻、小麥、菸草、馬鈴薯等，可防治飛蝨、蛾類等幼蟲，具不同程度之殺蟲效果；澱粉?抑制物主要研究於豆象類的防治。酵素類研究較多的是幾丁質分解?（Chitinase）與膽固醇氧化?（Cholesterol oxidase），幾丁質分解?為昆蟲或菌類產生的幾丁?，可破壞昆蟲中腸壁之圍食膜，擾亂取食與營養的吸收；膽固醇氧化?分離自細菌，可破壞昆蟲消化道之細胞膜，抑制昆蟲的消化作用。實際栽種推廣之抗蟲基因轉殖作物，均利用轉殖蘇力菌內毒素基因，如Bt棉花、Bt玉米、Bt馬鈴薯等，涉及其餘之抗蟲物質則多數仍在研發階段

医疗模式失效与效应分析在产科新生儿预防接种中的应用

目的:探讨医疗模式失效与效应分析(HFMEA)在产科新生儿预防接种中的应用效果。方法:选取2009年1～12月出生的1 000名新生儿为对照组,新生儿出生24 h内在爱婴区同时进行卡介苗和乙型肝炎疫苗接种;选取2010年1～12月出生的1 000名新生儿为实验组,应用HFMEA对新生儿预防接种流程进行风险管理,针对高危流程制定并实施有效的控制措施。观察比较两组新生儿出生24 h内乙型肝炎疫苗接种率、卡介苗接种不良反应发生率、卡介苗使用数量。结果:新生儿出生24 h内乙型肝炎疫苗接种率对照组95%,实验组100%;实验组卡介苗接种不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:应用HFMEA对新生儿预防接种流程进行风险管理,可降低卡介苗接种不良反应发生的风险,提升预防接种工作的安全性

应用医疗失效模式与效应分析优化新生儿预防接种流程的探讨

[目的]探讨应用医疗失效模式与效应分析(HFMEA)改进新生儿预防接种流程的效果。[方法]选取2009年出生的1 000名新生儿为对照组,新生儿出生24h内在爱婴区同时进行卡介苗和乙型肝炎疫苗接种;选取2010年出生的1 000名新生儿为实验组,应用HFMEA对新生儿预防接种流程进行分析,针对高危流程制定并实施有效的控制措施。[结果]新生儿出生24h内乙型肝炎疫苗接种率对照组为95%、实验组为100%;实验组卡介苗接种不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05);实验组卡介苗使用数量较对照组节省678支。[结论]应用HFMEA前瞻性地对新生儿预防接种流程进行分析,结合本院的实际情况制定并实施有效的控制措施,可使新生儿预防接种过程更加规范和安全可靠

芳樟叶浸出液还原制备对硝基苯酚加氢银催化剂

采用芳樟叶浸出液,通过原位还原和等体积浸渍的方法制备负载型纳米银催化剂,并以对硝基苯酚(4-NP)加氢反应为模型反应,考察催化剂载体,焙烧条件等对负载型纳米银催化剂性能的影响,并采用扫描电镜(SEM),热重分析(TG)和红外光谱(FT-IR)等表征手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,以TiO_2为载体制备的纳米银催化剂具有较好的催化活性;植物还原法制备的催化剂表面纳米银颗粒较小((7.3±2.4)nm),催化效果较好。当体系中Ag与4-NP的物质的量之比为1:230时,完全反应时间小于或等于10 min。对催化剂进行一定条件的焙烧处理,能在一定程度上提高催化剂的活性和重复使用性,将催化剂于400℃下焙烧1h,催化活性最佳:将催化剂于400℃下焙烧2h,催化剂重复使用性最好。对芳樟叶浸出液与银的作用机理进行初步研究,表明劳樟叶浸出液中的杂环化合物能通过羰基与银络合,从而起到防止催化剂表面纳米银颗粒团聚的作用

21世纪图书馆学研究方法体系探析

通过对２１世纪图书馆学研究方法体系发展轨迹的梳理，提出在新的背景和环境下，现有的层次论、过程论、 三维论等图书馆学研究方法体系已不适应图书馆学理论发展的需要，并初步架构合理的图书馆学方法体系

卡介苗集中接种在新生儿疫苗安全管理中的应用

目的探讨如何提高卡介苗接种工作的安全性。方法选取2010年出生的1000名新生儿为观察组,接种疫苗的方式采取卡介苗集中接种、乙型肝炎疫苗和卡介苗两种疫苗分开接种的方法;选取2009年出生的1000名新生儿为对照组,接种疫苗的方式采取乙型肝炎疫苗和卡介苗同时接种方法。观察比较两组卡介苗接种不良反应发生率和卡介苗使用数量。结果观察组卡介苗接种不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05),观察组卡介苗使用数量较对照组节省678支。结论初生新生儿采取卡介苗集中接种、乙型肝炎疫苗和卡介苗两种疫苗分开接种的方法,能减少卡介苗使用数量,节约医疗资源,提升卡介苗接种工作的安全性

Expression of the coat protein gene of IHHNV in shrimp in Pichia Pastoris

对虾传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒是“须向OIE申报的甲壳动物重要疾病“之一。将该病毒主要结构蛋白基因克隆至毕赤酵母穿梭表达质粒PPIC9k,构建重组表达载体(命名为PPIC9k-IV),限制性内切酶bglⅡ对其进行酶切线性化,采用电穿孔法转化到毕赤酵母gS115宿主菌。采用PCr方法分析和g418筛选来鉴定重组的毕赤酵母,诱导表达的产物分别进行ElISA分析或WESTErn blOT免疫印迹鉴定,分泌表达产物分子量大小为40ku左右,原核表达时制备的兔抗对虾传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒衣壳蛋白的血清可与真核表达的目的蛋白发生特异性反应。The infectious hypodermal & haematopoietic necrosis virus is one of the main diseases of the penaeid shrimp.The gene of coat protein of IHHNV was constructed into Pichia Pastoris secretory expression vectors pPIC9K,named pPIC9K-IV.The recombinant plasmid pPIC9K-IV was linearized with BglⅡ,and then was transformed into Pichia Pastoris GS115 by electroporation.After PCR analysis and G418 screening,the pPIC9KIV recombinant was expressed with 0.8%(V/V) methanol.The expression product was confirmed by Western blot and ELISA analysis.The results showed that the coat protein was successfully expressed,its product was about 40ku,and could recognized specifically by rabbit polyclonal anti-serum.国家质检总局科技基金资助项目(2006IK015

In vitro study of cholesterol succinyl chitosan anchored liposomes as a carrier for epirubicin

背景:多糖"锚定"脂质体在抗肿瘤药物、蛋白以及基因的传输领域有着极其重要的理论及应用价值,国外已有较多机构在进行相关的研究。目的:通过"锚定"的方式制备胆甾醇琥珀酰基壳聚糖锚定脂质体,并以表阿霉素作为模型药物,考察其对包载药物体外释放性质的影响。设计、时间及地点:体外实验,于2006-09/2008-05在天津市生物医学材料重点实验室完成。材料:以壳聚糖为原料,合成胆甾醇琥珀酰基壳聚糖,并采用胶体滴定法测定其胆甾醇基取代度。方法:采用pH梯度法制备表阿霉素脂质体,然后通过共孵育的方法合成了取代度为2.80%,5.58%和8.00%的载药胆甾醇琥珀酰基壳聚糖锚定脂质体。主要观察指标:荧光分光光度计检测药物浓度;透射电镜观察脂质体形态;亚微米粒度及电位分析仪检测脂质体的粒径大小、分布和电位;动态透析法考察包载药物表阿霉素在胆甾醇琥珀酰基壳聚糖锚定脂质体中的体外释放特征。结果:胆甾醇琥珀酰基壳聚糖锚定脂质体为规则球状形态,呈现典型的核壳结构,粒径为245.4~279.7nm,zeta电位为+21.09~+25.48mV;和载药脂质体及壳聚糖包衣脂质体相比,CHCS锚定脂质体能明显延缓表阿霉素的体外释放,在胆甾醇基取... 【英文摘要】 BACKGROUND: Polysaccharides anchored liposomes play an extremely important role in the fields of antitumor drug, protein and gene transmission. Related research is also present abroad. OBJECTIVE: To prepare cholesterol succinyl chitosan (CHCS) anchored liposomes, and to investigate the effect of CHCS anchored liposomes on the release property in vitro of loading drugs taking epirubicin as a model drug. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A study in vitro was performed in the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials o

Preparation and biological safety of basic fibroblast growth factor/double-layered collagen composite

背景:胶原特殊的分子结构和生物活性有利于多种细胞黏附、增殖和分化,并可降解为新生组织提供足够空间。目的:制备一种复合负载碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的壳聚糖-肝素纳米粒子双层胶原基复合材料,并评价其生物安全性。方法:制备交联风干胶原膜和交联冻干胶原膜。将壳聚糖-肝素纳米粒滴于交联冻干胶原膜上,再将湿态交联风干胶原膜置于复合纳米粒子的交联冻干胶原膜上风干,即碱性成纤维细胞生长因子/双层胶原基复合材料。采用急性全身毒性试验、溶血试验、热原试验和细胞毒性试验评价其生物安全性。结果与结论:碱性成纤维细胞生长因子/双层胶原基复合材料为双层结构,一侧表面致密,另一侧疏松多孔。在其中间负载碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的壳聚糖-肝素纳米粒子呈不规则球形分布于胶原膜内侧面;急性全身毒性试验、热原试验、溶血试验均为阴性,细胞毒性为0级。说明碱性成纤维细胞生长因子/双层胶原基复合材料具有良好的生物安全性,对机体无毒,符合ISO10993-1评价标准。BACKGROUND: Collagen is a common used scaffold in tissue engineering, its specific molecular structure and biological activity are conducive to a variety of cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, and can speed up wound healing and degradation to provide sufficient space for new tissues.OBJECTIVE: To prepare a kind of inhomogeneous double layered collagen composite incorporated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) loaded chitosan-heparin (CS-Hep) nanoparticles, and to evaluate its biological safety.METHODS: The air-dried dense layer collagen membranes and freeze-dried loose layer collagen membrane were prepared respectively and then cross-linked by D-ribose (termed as CAM and CFM respectively).CS-Hep nanoparticles were prepared and then dropped on the surface of CFM.The wet CAM was laid on the surface of CFM with nanoparticles, and then air dried completely at 4 ℃.The obtained material was termed as bDM.Its physical and chemical properties were investigated.In addition, its bio-safety was also examined through acute systemic toxicity, pyrogen, hemolysis and cellular toxicity tests.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bFGF/double-layered collagen composite was made up of double layers with one dense layer (CAM) and another loose layer (CFM).As part of bDM, CS-Hep nanopartiles with irregular global shape were aligned in the scope of D-period structure of the inner surface of CFM; the bFGF/double-layered collagen composite had no systemic acute toxicity, no cytotoxicity and pyrogen reactions as well as no hemolytic effect.The bFGF/double-layered collagen composite is prepared and found to have good biocompatibility and safety.Moreover, this material conforms to the ISO 10993-1, and can be used as a basic scaffold material in tissue engineering天津市科技支撑计划重点项目(08ZCKFSF02100);博士点基金项目(20101106110042)---

Analysis of genetic effects for grain quality characters in late indica hybrid rice

以6个籼型野败三系不育系为母本,5个晚籼恢复系为父本,进行不完全双列杂交设计,对籼型杂交晚稻稻米品质性状的遗传效应进行分析.结果表明:糙米率、精米率、垩白粒率、碱消值和胶稠度等5个性状同时受到种子遗传效应和细胞质遗传效应的控制,但细胞质遗传效应都大于种子遗传效应.整精米率、垩白度和透明度等3个性状只受到种子遗传效应的控制,并且都以种子显性遗传效应为主.直链淀粉含量同时受到种子遗传效应和母体植株遗传效应的控制,但以种子显性遗传效应为主.粒长和长宽比同时受到母体植株加性遗传效应和母体植株显性遗传效应的控制.不育系451A、全丰A、长丰A及恢复系蜀恢527、科恢752、岳恢94是配制优质杂交晚稻组合的优异亲本.Six CMS(Fuyi A etc.) and 5 late-restorers(Minghui 63 etc.) were used in partial diallel crosses to analyse the genetic effects of grain quality characters in late indica hybrid rice,using seed quantitative traits genetic models and analysis methods developed by Zhu Jun in cereal crops.The results showed that the 5 characters were simultaneously controlled by seed genetic effects and cytoplasmic genetic effects in percentage of brown rice,percentage of milled rice,percentage of chalky grain,gelatinization temperature and gel consistency,but the cytoplasmic genetic effects were all higher than the seed genetic effects.The 3 traits were only controlled by seed genetic effects in percentage of head rice,chalkiness and translucency,and the effects were all mainly come from seed dominance genetic effects.Amylose content was controlled by seed genetic effects and maternal genetic effects,but was mainly controlled by seed dominance genetic effects.The 2 traits were simultaneously controlled by maternal additive genetic effects and maternal dominance genetic effects in kernel length and length/breadth ratio.The 6 materials were available parents for breeding late indica hybrid rice combinations with good quality,which included the CMS of 451 A,Quanfeng A and Changfeng A,the restorers of Shuhui 527,Kehui 752 and Yuehui 94.福建省自然科学基金资助项目(B0310020