The Social Culture of Aboriginal Tribes from the Ethnographic Description during Qing Dynasty

清代文献中的“熟番”指已经归化并有一定汉化的番族，大约相当于今天所说的平埔族，本文中主要指台湾西部平原上的熟番。作为台湾原住民的重要组成部分，研究这一已经消失在历史长河中，完全汉化的族群的社会、历史、文化等各方面的情况是相当有必要且有价值的。 因为原住民自身文献史料的缺乏，且其文化传统现在又全然不存，故而记载了历史上的这个族群社会文化的清代采风民族志就显得极其有价值。 本文以清代文献中比较零散的采风民族志为基础，结合考古发现的实物资料，观察当时台湾“熟番”的物质文化、惯习和信仰、汉番关系等，并探求清代“理番”以来汉人政治主导下番族，尤其是台湾西部“熟番”社会文化的变迁进程。 当时居住在西...The aboriginal tribes, which are called tribes living on plains today, mainly referring to the literature of the Qing Dynasty plain aboriginal tribes, and in this paper refers primarily to the tribes living on Taiwan’s western plain. Those tribes entirely became Chinese without remaining traditions. However, as an important part of Taiwan’s native peoples, it is quite necessary and valuable to stu...学位：历史学硕士院系专业：人文学院历史学系_考古学及博物馆学学号：1032006115010

Therapeutic Observation ofNa Zhi Method plus Electroacupuncture for Poststroke Uninhibited Neurogenic Bladder

目的 观察纳支法结合电针治疗中风后无抑制性神经源性膀胱的临床疗效.方法 将120例脑血管病变引起的无抑制性神经源性膀胱患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组60例.治疗组采用纳支法结合电针治疗;对照组采用电针疗法.每日1次,每次30 min,治疗2星期.观察两组治疗前后日排尿频率测试分度和膀胱最大容量的变化,并比较临床疗效.结果 治疗组总有效率为98.2%,愈显率为89.5%;对照组总有效率为93.1%,愈显率为72.4%.两组愈显率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.两组治疗前日排尿频率测试分度比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;两组治疗前后日排尿频率测试分度比较,差异有极显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）;治疗组治疗后日排尿频率测试分度与对照组比较,差异有统计学性意义（P〈0.05）.两组治疗前膀胱最大容量比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;两组治疗前后膀胱最大容量比较,差异有极显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）;治疗组治疗后膀胱最大容量与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 电针治疗无抑制性神经源性膀胱疗效显著,结合纳支法疗效明显优于单纯电针.Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Na Zhi method （midnight-noon ebb-flow method） plus electroacupuncture in treating poststroke uninhibited neurogenic bladder.Method A total of 120 patients with uninhibited neurogenic bladder due to cerebrovascular diseases were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 60 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by Na Zhi method plus electroacupuncture; the control group was intervened by electroacupuncture. The intervention was conducted once a day, 30 min each time, for a total of 2 weeks. The daily voiding frequency index and maximum cystometric capacity （MCC） in the two groups were measured before and after the intervention, and the clinical efficacies were compared.Result The total effective rate and markedly effective rate were respectively 98.2% and 89.5% in the treatment group versus 93.1% and 72.4% in the control group. There was a significant difference in comparing the markedly effective rate between the two groups （P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference in comparing the daily voiding frequency index between the two groups before the intervention （P〉0.05）; the daily voiding frequency index was significantly changed after the intervention in both groups （P〈0.01）, and the daily voiding frequency index of the treatment group was significantly different from that of the control group after the intervention （P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference in comparing the MCC before the intervention between the two groups （P〉0.05）; the MCC was significantly changed after the intervention in both groups （P〈0.01）; the MCC of the treatment group was significantly different from that of the control group after the intervention （P〈0.05）.Conclusion Electroacupuncture can produce a significant efficacy in treating uninhibitedneurogenic bladder, while it can produce a more significant efficacy when combined withNa Zhi method

Impact of substrate salinity on caloric value,energy accumulation and its distribution in various organs of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedlings.

研究了人工培养条件下基质盐度对红树植物木榄 (Bruguieragymnorrhiza)幼苗的热值、干物质及能量积累的影响 .结果表明 ,木榄幼苗干物质和能量的积累存在低盐促进和高盐抑制的现象 ,其最大值出现于盐度10mg·g-1处 ;随基质盐度的提高 ,木榄幼苗的干物质和能量积累倾向于叶片及细根等光合作用场所和养分吸收器官 ,木榄幼苗各器官干重热值及去灰分热值有不同的变化规律 ,其中叶片热值的变化规律能较好地反映木榄幼苗抗盐性的变化情况 .本文从能量学角度探讨了红树植物的抗盐生理生态The study with artificial culture showed that the accumulation of dry matter and energy in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedlings was promoted by low substrate salinity,but inhibited by high substrate salinity,which peaked at 10mg·g -1 substrate salinity.With the increase of substrate salinity, the dry matter and the energy tended to be allocated to the micro roots and leaves, which are nutrient absorbing organ and photosynthetic organ, respectively.With the increase of substrate salinity, the changes in caloric values were differed in various organs of B. gymnorrhiza seedlings,and those in leaves could reflect the changes in the salt resistance of the seedlings.国家自然科学基金资助项目!(39670 1 35

Distribution and Species of Mercury in Water and Sediments from Huangpu River

黄浦江江水的总汞、溶解态汞和颗粒汞含量变化较大,其平均值分别为(0.4±0.44)ng/mL、(0.27±0.42)ng/mL和(0.13±0.10)ng/mL,江水中汞以溶解态汞为主.黄浦江沉积物的总汞含量为70.52ng/g~387.30ng/g,平均汞含量为(204.03±97.41)ng/g.江水和沉积物中汞的沿江分布具有中游高,上游和下游低的特征,西渡—南浦大桥江段汞含量为整个黄浦江最高的江段,汞的分布特征与两岸工农业布局相一致.沉积物总汞与有机质显著相关,沉积物中高汞含量的地点都在高水汞点的下游,与河流的动力沉积特点一致.沉积物中汞以可交换态、腐殖酸结合态、残渣态为主,少量为碳酸盐结合态.从上游到下游,沉积物中可交换态汞具有两端高中间低的特点,而残渣态汞与此相反.在剖面方向上,沉积物中的汞主要集中在残渣态,少量为腐殖酸结合态,可交换态及碳酸盐结合态,随着深度增加残渣态所占比例不规则增加.愈接近长江口,沉积物中的重金属愈容易被重新激活.Levels of total mercury, soluble mercury and particle mercury in water of Huangpu River change greatly, their average values are (0.40.44)ng/mL, (0.270.42)ng/mL, (0.130.10)ng/mL respectively. Mercury in water is mainly in the form of soluble mercury. Average mercury content in sediment of Huangpu River is relative high and up to (204.0397.41)ng/g, with a range of 70.52ng/g387.30ng/g. Mercury content is high in the middle reach of Huangpu River, especially in section of Xidu-Nanpu Bridge, and low in upstream and downstream. Distribution of mercury is hightly related with distribution of industry plants and farming. Locations with high mercury content in sediment are in the downstream of locations with high mercury content in water. Mercury (in sediments) is mainly in the form of residue, exchangeable ions, and humics-bound, seldom is in the form of carbonate-bound. Contrary to residue-bound mercury, exchangeable mercury is low in the middle reach, and high in upstream and downstream. There mainly are residue-bound mercury and little humics-bound mercury, exchangeable mercury, and carbonate-bound mercury in sediment in profile, and the residue-bound mercury increases irregularly with depth. Nearing the Mouth of Yangtze River, mercury in sediment becomes more active.国家自然科学基金资助项目(20077016);; 中国博士后基金项目(2002032148);; 厦门大学行动计划联合资助项目(0660-X01114

Heat Treatment for High Manganese Steel

本文介绍了入炉温度、升温速度、保温温度、保温时间、冷却速度、摆放位置等热处理工艺参数对高锰钢力学性能的影响。This paper introduces the effect of heat treatment parameters including charging temperature,heating rate,holding temperature,holding time,cooling rate,putting position etc on the mechanical properties of high manganese steel

荧光PCR和PFGE在副溶血弧菌食物中毒诊断中的应用研究

[目的]探讨荧光PCR和脉冲场电泳(PFGE)在副溶血弧菌食物中毒调查中的应用。[方法]对中毒样品进行荧光PCR检测,副溶血弧菌临床分离株基因组DNA经NotI酶切,通过PFGE获得电泳图谱,利用BioNumerics软件对图谱进行聚类分析。[结果]部分样品荧光PCR检测结果呈阳性,同起食物中毒菌株PFGE图谱一致。[结论]荧光PCR可以快速准确的鉴定病原体。PFGE具有很强的菌株同源性分析能力,适用于食物中毒病原菌学鉴定和传染源溯源。荧光PCR和PFGE在食物中毒的快速诊断中可发挥重要作用

改良分子信标-实时PCR快速检测产单核李斯特菌

目的:建立改良分子信标-实时PCR检测产单核李斯特菌(LMO)的快速方法,应用于食品中LMO的污染状况调查及食物中毒快速诊断。方法:根据GenBank公布的LMO hlyA基因的保守序列,设计引物和改良分子信标探针,建立改良分子信标-实时PCR检测体系,应用于食品中LMO检测。结果:改良分子信标-实时PCR反应体系DNA灵敏度为110 fg,菌液灵敏度为99 cfu/m l或4 cfu/PCR反应体系,无交叉反应。以此反应体系检测28株LMO,均出现特异的荧光信号。上述方法可将检测时间由原来的至少4 d缩短至1 d。对228份食品进行LMO检测,8份增菌液LMO实时荧光PCR阳性,其中6份LMO细菌培养阳性。结论:改良分子信标-实时PCR反应体系快速、灵敏度高,特异性强,能提高LMO的检出率和准确性,可应用于LMO食品污染状况调查及食物中毒的快速诊断

双重实时PCR快速同时检测霍乱弧菌和副溶血弧菌

目的建立改良分子信标双重实时PCR同时检测霍乱弧菌和副溶血弧菌的快速方法,应用于霍乱监测、副溶血弧菌食物中毒的快速诊断和海产品检验。方法根据GenBank公布的霍乱弧菌肠毒素基因A亚单位(ctxA)和副溶血弧菌的耐热直接溶血毒素基因(TDH)的保守序列,分别设计引物和改良分子信标探针,以10种细菌作对照,建立双重实时PCR改良分子信标检测体系,应用于副溶血弧菌食物中毒快速诊断和霍乱监测。结果改良分子信标双重实时PCR反应体系DNA灵敏度为102.4～166.6fgμl,菌液灵敏度为32～64CFUml或3～6CFUPCR反应体系,无交叉反应。此反应体系同时检测40株副溶血弧菌和50株霍乱弧菌,均出现特异的荧光信号,两种细菌检测互不干扰。对3起细菌性食物中毒共48份样品和100份海产品进行检测,9份副溶血弧菌实时PCR阳性,其中7份副溶血弧菌细菌培养阳性,其余样品都为阴性。从样品处理到检测结果仅需1天时间。结论改良分子信标双重实时PCR检测体系快速、灵敏度高、特异性强,可用于霍乱和副溶血弧菌食物中毒的快速诊断,为食源性疾病的分子流行病学调查提供新的检测手段

白介素-18在ANCA相关性小血管炎肾损害患者中的表达及其临床意义

目的通过检测抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体（ANCA）相关性小血管炎（AASV）肾损害患者血清及尿液白介素-18（IL-18）水平,探讨IL-18在AASV肾损害应用中的可能价值。方法比较健康对照组与AASV组、AASV活动组与缓解组间血/尿IL-18水平,分析尿IL-18与传统病情活动性指标如ANCA滴度、血肌酐、C-反应蛋白（CRP）、伯明翰系统性血管炎活动度评分量表（BVAS）评分值等的相关性,绘制尿IL-18评估AASV活动性的ROC曲线,评价IL-18在AASV肾损害中的意义。结果AASV组尿IL-18水平比健康对照组显著升高（P<0.05）,AASV活动组尿液与血液IL-18水平均高于缓解组（P<0.05）。治疗随访半年后,病情由活动转为缓解的患者尿IL-18水平较治疗前明显下降（P<0.05）。AASV患者尿IL-18与血清ANCA滴度、BVAS评分值呈正相关（P<0.05）,与血肌酐、胱抑素C、CRP、尿微量白蛋白/肌酐比值、尿β2-微球蛋白等无明显线性相关。AASV活动期患者的血、尿IL-18水平呈正相关（P<0.05）。尿IL-18评估AASV病情活动性的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.816（P<0.05）,当检测的截点值为0.130 pg·mL-1·Cr-1时,其敏感度和特异度分别为85.7%和71.4%。结论AASV肾损害患者尿液IL-18水平升高,与疾病活动性相关,在早期预测AASV病情及活动性上有一定价值。福建省自然科学基金(No.2014J01430

户外教育的后现代特征及启示

运用文献资料法,以后现代主义作为研究的切入点,选取户外教育为研究对象。认为:户外教育具有尊重、多元、学生为中心、关注过程、注重亲身参与、建立师生共同体等特征。建议将户外教育的后现代元素加入体育课程中,学生可获得的效益包含:更能享受体育所带来的乐趣、提升参与运动的动机、自我效能的提升、增强独立自主与责任心、适应社会与人际互动能力、促进对环境的知觉与自省等。2017年度福建省教育厅基金重点项目(JZ170025