Survey on the distribution of dietary glycemic load and dietary insulin load of urban residents in Xiamen

目的了解厦门市城区居民碳水化合物消费情况及膳食血糖负荷及膳食胰岛素负荷的现状,调查膳食血糖负荷及膳食胰岛素负荷与生化指标。方法根据全国营养调查方案,2010年10-12月对厦门市城区的6个社区居委会成年居民进行调查,采用连续3 d 24 h回顾法对其中的291人进行膳食调查、身体测量及生化指标测量;根据膳食血糖生成指数(GI)和碳水化合物摄入量计算膳食血糖负荷(GL);根据膳食胰岛素指数(II)和能量及食用频率计算膳食胰岛素负荷(IL)。结果被调查的厦门市城区成年居民的平均膳食血糖指数为75.2;平均膳食血糖负荷为179.1;平均膳食胰岛素指数为30.4,平均膳食胰岛素负荷为247.2。粮谷类对膳食GL、IL的贡献达92.0%、83.1%。不同GL、IL水平的被调查人群的身体测量及生化指标间的差异无统计学意义;通过多元线性回归分析并未发现膳食GI、GL、II、IL与糖尿病的患病风险有明显的相关性。结论粮谷类食物是厦门市城区居民膳食GL、IL的主要来源,低膳食GL的人群粮谷类消费低,脂肪消费高,膳食结构不合理;并未发现膳食GL、IL与身体测量及生化指标之间的联系。Objective This work was to investigate the consumption of carbohydrate and distribution of dietary glycemic load(GL)and insulin load(IL) of urban residents in Xiamen. Methods According to the National Nutrition Survey program, six communities' residents of Xiamen were selected for the survey from Oct.~ Dec., 2010. A total of 219 subjects were surveyed with the 3consecutive days and 24 hours review method to acquire the food consumption data and underwent health examination. Dietary insulin load was calculated as a function of the food insulin index, and the energy content of individual foods was reported on food-frequency questionnaires. Dietary glycemic load was calculated by GI. Results 92.1% of the dietary glycemic load and 83.1%of the dietary insulin load were from cereals. Dietary insulin load and dietary insulin index were not associated with the overall biochemical index. The dietary GI, GL, II, IL was not positively associated with the risk of diabetes. Conclusion People with low GL tend to consume more fat and less carbohydrates

塔里木沙漠公路防护林生态工程的综合生态环境效应

为了探讨重大工程的生态环境效应,从风沙环境、土壤环境、小气候、生物多样性和地下水环境5个方面对塔里木沙漠公路防护林工程的综合生态环境效应进行了研究.结果表明:(1)防护林改变了近地表风沙运动过程,防沙体系内风速、输沙率降低幅度分别达64%~80%和87.45%~99.02%,风沙流结构、沙物质粒度、地表蚀积状况也发生了明显变化;(2)与自然流沙地相比,防护林土壤容重减小,全盐含量、总孔隙度和含水量增大,土壤肥力质量明显提高,其变化基本呈现"先快后慢"的规律;(3)防护林对于小环境改善作用明显,距地面6m范围内,林地不同高度的空气温度普遍低于自然流沙地,而空气湿度则高于自然流沙地,林地土壤温度也低于自然流沙地;(4)随着防护林内生境的变化,土壤微生物种类显著增加,但不同种类微生物的种群分布并不均匀;(5)目前防护林灌溉抽水对地下水位、地下水矿化度的影响不大,水位在厘米级范围波动,矿化度的变化幅度在±1g·L-1左右,且没有明显的变化趋势

应用调整的膳食平衡指数评价厦门市区成年居民膳食质量

目的利用调整的中国膳食平衡指数(dbI-07)综合评价厦门市城区18~65岁居民膳食质量,为开展营养干预提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法于2010年10—12月对厦门市区6个社区居委会成年居民进行调查,采用连续3天24 H回顾法对其中的520人进行了膳食调查,采用dbI-07的评分方法评价厦门城区成年居民膳食质量水平。结果被调查的厦门市城区成年居民的膳食质量处于中度失衡状态,摄入不足和摄入过量并存;女性的摄入不足程度高于男性;各年龄段中,40~50岁人群摄入不足程度最高,摄入过量程度最低。结论被调查的厦门市城区成年居民水果、奶类及豆类摄入不足,肉类、食用油及盐类摄入过量;成年居民的主要膳食模式为A模式,且A模式反映了膳食中摄入不足与摄入过量的问题均较少,为最优模式。中央财政转移支付地方项

猪辅助性带胰头及十二指肠肝肠联合移植的研究

目的介绍猪辅助性带胰头及十二指肠的肝肠联合移植(LSBT)模型技术及其免疫抑制治疗。方法40头杂交长白猪分为两组,每组20头,组内进行辅助性带胰头及十二指肠的LSBT10次。其中A组未用免疫抑制剂治疗,B组采用环孢素A和甲基强的松龙治疗。结果A组动物术后成活时间为(10.33±1.93)d(7~25d),B组全部动物成活超过30d。在没有应用体外转流的情况下,可以耐受血液动力学的波动,血液动力学指标(B组)可以在血流再通后2h恢复正常。B组猪术后血液、尿液和腹腔引流液中的淀粉酶一过性升高,但在1周后回落到术前水平,活检没有发现严重胰腺炎。结论猪辅助性带胰头和十二指肠的LSBT是一种可行的、安全的移植模型,这一模型可以简化传统肝肠移植的技术,应用环孢素A和甲强龙可以有效的抑制猪肝肠移植后急性排斥反应。国家自然科学基金资助项目(39070828

Occurrence and Distribution of Organotin Compounds in Thais clavigera from Xiamen Coast

采用戊基化格式衍生法,gC-fPd分析了厦门港周边海域9个小岛屿分布的疣荔枝螺(THAIS ClAVIgErA)体内3种丁基锡化合物(buTylTInS)和3种苯基锡化合物(PHEnylTInS)的存在形态与分布特征.结果表明,丁基锡化合物总浓度(ΣbTS)为0.3~70.6ng.g-1,平均值为28.8ng.g-1,以一丁基锡化合物(MbT)为主.苯基锡化合物总浓度(ΣPHTS)为nd~18.8ng.g-1,平均值为7.9ng.g-1,以三苯基锡化合物为主.厦门港周边海域以丁基锡化合物为主要污染物,占到总有机锡化合物(ΣOTS)的74.3%~96.8%.疣荔枝螺体内(ΣbTS)和(ΣPHTS)呈现从厦门港内到港外逐渐降低的趋势.疣荔枝螺体内TbT和TPHT的浓度显示良好的相关关系(r2=0.7109,P<0.01),说明TPHT和TbT来源趋同,即来源于船舶防污涂料,或水产养殖污染源.与我国东南沿海港口相比,厦门海域疣荔枝螺体内丁基锡化合物的污染处于一个较低水平但比2002年有所加重.Occurrence and distribution of 6 organotin compounds including butyltin and phenyltin species were detected in Thais clavigera which were collected from 9 coastal areas sites around Xiamen Coast,by pentylized derivatization,GC-FPD.Results indicated that all Thais clavigera samples were contaminated with organotin compounds.The concentrations in Thais clavigera soft bodies varied from 0.3 to 70.6 ng.g -1 with a mean value of 28.8 ng.g -1 for butyltin compounds,and from nd to 18.8 ng.g -1 with a mean value of 7.9 ng.g -1 for phenyltin compounds,respectively.MBT and TPhT were high levels in butyltin compounds and phentyltin compounds,respectively.In addition,butyltin compounds were the dominant contaminates in all samples with high percentage from 74.3% to 96.8%.There was a significant correlation between TBT and TPhT (R2 = 0.710 9,p < 0.01).This result showed that both TBT and TPhT came from antifouling paints for ships or for mariculture nets.Compared with those data reported from the other regions around southeast coast of China,present study reveals that contaminated level of organotin compounds in Thais clavigera are relatively lower in Xiamen Coast.But it is higher than those in 2002.国家自然科学基金项目(40476048;20777060

Occurrence and distribution of organotin in seawater of Xiamen Bay

[摘要]：利用固相萃取气相色谱火焰光度检测(SPEGCFPD) 对厦门海域表、底层海水中的有机锡化合物进行了 分析检测。其中表层海水中检出的有机锡化合物以二丁基锡( DBT ) 为主, 底层海水中以三丁基锡( T BT) 为主, 且 TBT 的浓度显著高于表层水。表层海水中总有机锡浓度在129&#56256;1 4 826 8 ng ( Sn) L- 1 之间, 底层海水则分布在 321 6 1 9545ng ( Sn) L- 1 之间。结果显示, 厦门港内及同安湾附近海域水体中的有机锡浓度远高于九龙江口 及厦门西南海域, 这与厦门海域船舶活动和网箱养殖密切相关。通过对鼓浪屿站点表层海水中有机锡化合物15 h 的连续监测, 推测光照对水体中有机锡的降解影响显著。[Abstract]:Organot in compounds in the surface and bot tom w ater samples f rom the Xiamen Bay w ere collected and analyzed using SPEGCFPD ( So lio l Phase Ext ract ion Gas Chromatography Flame Photometric Detection) . Dibut ly ltin ( DBT) and Tributy ltin ( T BT ) w er e the dominant or gano tin compo unds in the surface and bo ttom w ater respect ively, and the co ncent ration of TBT in the bot tom w ater w ere sig nif icantly hig her than that in the surface w ater . The concentr at ions of org anot in compo unds rang ed betw een 1291 and 48268ng ( Sn) L- 1 in the surface w ater and betw een 3216 and 19545ng ( Sn) L- 1 in the bo ttom w ater. The highest org anot in compound level w as found near the Xiamen Harbor and the cage cultur e area of the Tongan Bay , and the low est level in the Jiulong estuary and in the so uthw est w aters of Xiamen Bay, sug gest ing that the org anot in contaminat ion in the Xiamen Bay is clo sely correlated w ith shipping act ivity and marine aguicultar e. It is deduced that photoly sis due to sunlig ht may be the major way fo r org anot in compounds to degr ade in sea water.国家自然科学基金项目( 40476048

Imposex of Thais clavigera and Cantharus cecillei in the coastal waters of Xiamen

海产腹足类性畸变以其对有机锡的敏感性、特异性和不可逆性而成为海洋有机锡污染的理想指示种。调查研究了厦门海域岩相海岸带疣荔枝螺(THAIS ClAVIgErA)和甲虫螺(CAnTHAruS CECIllEI)的性畸变情况,通过生物学指标IOI(性畸变率)、rPSI(相对阴茎发展指数)、VdSI(输精管发展指数)及SrI(性比指数)综合评价其性畸变发展程度,间接指示厦门周边海域的有机锡污染程度。研究结果发现,在采集疣荔枝螺的17个站点中有5个站点种群性畸变率为100%,其中宝珠屿种群性畸变程度最为严重,VdSI达4,采集甲虫螺的4个站点的种群性畸变率均为100%。性畸变程度较严重的种群普遍集中于厦门西港,并且表现出由港内到港外逐渐减轻的趋势,而白城、会展中心和大嶝岛等位于开阔的厦门东海域的种群性畸变程度最轻,与往年厦门西海域有机锡污染监测数据相比一致,体现出性畸变程度与有机锡污染程度及海港码头远近之间的相互关系。The degree of imposex,i.e.the imposition of male characteristics onto females,in neogastropods can be used as a sensitive and accurate biomarker to evaluate organotin contamination in coastal marine environment.Now,the imposex status in females of Thais clavigera and Cantharus cecillei in 17 sites was investigated to evaluate the organotin contamination along Xiamen Bay during 2006 and 2007.The four indices including incidence of imposex(IOI),relative penis size index(RPSI),vas deferens sequences index(VDSI) and sex ratio index(SRI) were used comprehensively to assess the imposex status in order to ascertain the extent of organotin bioavailability in Xiamen Bay.Based on this research,T.clavigera in 5 sites and C.cecillei in all survey sites exhibited the IOI of 100%.At Bao ZhuYu Islet,the imposex level was the most serious with maximum VDSI value of 4.In general,the imposex level decreased from the inner to the outer of Xiamen Western Harbour,and the populations in the open Xiamen Eastern Waters including Bai Cheng,Convention and Exhibiton Center and Dadeng Island showed a lower imposex level.These results were accordant with the concentrations of organotins in 2005.The imposex degree also increased with increasing organotin contamination and decreasing distance from shipping facilities.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40476048);厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目;厦门大学新世纪优秀人才计划基金资助项

Numerical analysis on cold storage characteristic of nanoparticle-enhanced phase change material for energy saving

The cold storage characteristic of nanoparticle-enhanced phase change material （NEPCM） was investigated by using numerical simulation method with Fluent software. The influence of Grashof num- ber and particle concentration on the cold storage performanc

反射率小于10~（-4）的1310nm光电子器件增透膜技术的研究

阐述了电子回旋共振等离子体化学气相沉积法淀积半导体器件端面光学膜的优良特性。介绍了淀积反射率小于10~(-4)的1310nm半导体激光器端面增透膜技术，并对这种技术的优点和两端淀积增透膜后的激光器特性进行了讨论

Thermal resistance analytical model for thermoelectric component with series-parallel connection

为了选择合适的温差电组件和外部换热器,根据非平衡态热力学理论和牛顿冷却定律,对温差电组件采用串并联连接方式的温差发电系统进行了研究,导出了系统输出功率的热阻解析模型,探讨了温差电组件总数量、并联组件数量、热电模块及其热端和冷端的热阻等对系统性能的影响.结果表明,系统电阻与负载电阻、热电模块热阻与其热端和冷端的热阻之间存在匹配关系,能使系统获得最大的输出功率;随着并联组件数量的增加,最大输出功率和回路电流得到了提高,但系统的输出电压却降低了.研究结果为温差发电系统的合理装配及性能优化提供了理论参考.In order to choose the appropriate thermoelectric components and external heat exchangers,the thermoelectric generation system with series-parallel connection of thermoelectric components was investigated according to the non-equilibrium thermodynamics theory and Newton cooling law,and the thermal resistance analytical model for system output power was derived.In addition,the effect of total number of thermoelectric components,number of components with parallel connection,thermoelectric module as well as thermal resistance at both hot and cold ends of the module on the system performance was discussed.The results show that there is a matching relationship between the system resistance and load resistance.Moreover,the thermal resistance of thermoelectric module and the thermal resistance at both hot and cold ends of the module also exhibit a matching relationship.Therefore the maximum output power can be obtained for the system.With increasing the number of components with parallel connection,the maximum output power and loop current get enhanced,while the output voltage of the system decreases.The present results can provide the theoretical reference for the reasonable assembly and performance optimization of thermoelectric generation system.广东省重大科技专项项目(2008A080302002;2010A080405003);粤港关键领域重点突破项目(佛山专项)(2009Z015