Study on Extraction of Toosendanin from The Fruit of Melia Toosendanin Linn Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

苦楝（MeliaazedarachLinn）为我国一个乡土树种，广泛分布于我国南部地区。苦楝中含有多种杀虫活性成分，其中苦楝素（toosendanin）是最主要的活性成分,它对多种害虫有毒杀作用,主要表现为使虫忌避、拒食；抑制昆虫生长发育、触杀、内吸致毒作用等。苦楝素用以制备植物源农药，与化学农药相比,具有安全、残效期短、高效、无毒、无污染、杀灭多种农业害虫等优越性,可以阻止害虫直接为害或抑制种群形成而达到对害虫的可持续控制，因而具有广泛的应用前景。 超临界CO2萃取技术是一种新型高效洁净分离技术，与传统的溶剂萃取方法比较,具有无溶剂残留、不破坏热敏性和易水解的物质等优点,在天然产物的提取领...Melia azadarach Linn belonging to Meliaceae exists broadly in our country. Toosendanin, the main effective ingredient of the fruit of Melia azadarach Linn, is a kind of tetracyclic triterpene, which can be made into pesticide. Toosendanin could make pieris rapac antifeed and have stomachtoxic activities, and show high feeding inhibitory effects to Toxoptera aurantii. Toosendanin can be put into pr...学位：工学硕士院系专业：化学化工学院化学工程与生物工程系_化学工程学号：20043301

超临界流体选择溶胀法制备含PDMS嵌段的聚合物纳米多孔薄膜

在含亲二氧化碳链段聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)的嵌段聚合物中,用超临界二氧化碳选择溶胀的方法得到了闭合的纳米孔。采用反应离子刻蚀,可以将聚合物膜内部的多孔结构暴露出来,然后用原子力显微镜和扫描电镜表征。结果表明,纳米孔的形成不是简单的PDMS纳米微区溶胀,而是由相邻纳米微区在超临界流体处理过程中合并以后形成的。纳米孔的密度和孔径分别为7.0×1010/cm2和20nm

不同季节垃圾填埋场周围重金属污染特征及评价

采集漳州市某生活垃圾填埋场周围冬夏两季的地表水(包括渗滤液)、土壤以及植物样品,分析9种重金属总量的季节性变化.结果表明,冬季地表水中Zn和As,土壤和植物中的Cd和As的含量均大于夏季,而夏季波动性强于冬季;夏季渗滤液中总Hg的含量明显高于冬季,其余变化不明显.地表水重金属含量均低于地表水环境质量Ⅴ类标准限值,渗滤液中所有重金属含量均低于污水排放二级标准限值.土壤中重金属Cd、As和Pb的污染最重,已达到重度污染,冬季的污染明显高于夏季.冬季植物富集能力强于夏季,细叶芒对Cd的富集能力较强,可作为重金属污染修复的先锋植物.环保公益性行业科研专项(201509054)资助~

Extraction of insecticidal toosendanin from meliaceae by supercritical CO_2

王宏涛(1968-),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为天然产物的提取分离等, E-mail: [email protected]。[中文文摘]苦楝素是楝科植物中制备植物源农药的主要杀虫成分。针对不同种源楝树的皮、叶及果实,采用溶剂浸提法提取筛选苦楝素含量较高的种源作为实验原料,采用乙醇提取,考察液固质量比、提取时间和提取次数等参数对苦楝素提取率的影响。当液固质量比为25∶1、提取时间为4 h、提取次数为3次时,苦楝素的提取率达18%。进一步采用超临界CO2萃取考察压力、温度、萃取时间、原料粒径和夹带剂等参数对苦楝素萃取率的影响,当温度为40℃、压力为20 MPa、时间为2.0 h、原料粒径为40目、夹带剂乙醇质量为CO2质量的12.5%时,苦楝素的萃取率达43.5%。在对萃取液结晶纯化中成功分离得到质量分数达98%的苦楝素。[英文文摘]Toosendanin is the main insecticidal component of meliaceae plants for producing botanical insecticides.The extraction of toosendanin from the parks,leaves and fruits of the various meliaceae plants was studied by using ethanol,and the part of the meliaceae plants with the maximal mass fraction of toosendanin was selected as experimental materials.The effects of the mass ratio of liquid to solid,extraction time,and extraction times on the yield of toosendan were investigated by using ethanol extraction method. The yield of toosendanin is up to 18% at them ass ratio of liquid to so lid of 25:1, extraction time of 4h and extract ing 3 times. The effects of pressure, temperature, extraction time, and the partic le size of materials and the dosage of mod if iers on the yield of toosendanin w ere investigated bym eans of supercritical CO2 extraction. The yield of toosendan in is up to 43.5% when ethanol is used as mod ifier with its mass 12.5% of CO2 mass at temperature 40,pressure 20 MPa,extraction time 2h and material particle size 40 mesh. The toosendanin crystal with mass fraction 98% was separated from the extracts by using crystalliza tionm ethod.福建省新世纪人才支持计划项

Separation and identification of auraptene from grapefruit peel oil

橙油素是广泛存在于柑橘类果实中的天然抗癌活性成分。选用SP70大孔吸附树脂分离纯化葡萄柚精油中的橙油素,该树脂对于橙油素的吸附容量和解吸率分别达到14.53 Mg/g和83.32%,并成功地从树脂床层的洗脱液中结晶分离出橙油素晶体。对所得晶体分别采用差示扫描量热仪(dSC)、紫外吸收光谱(uV)、红外吸收光谱(Ir)、电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)进行定性分析,分析结果与橙油素标准品相符合。进一步采用高效液相色谱(HPlC)对所得晶体进行定量分析,结果表明所得晶体中橙油素的质量分数可达85%。Auraptene exists widely in the peels and juice sacs of citrus species and is reported to be an effective inhibitor of chemical carcinogenesis in some rodent models.The separation and purification of auraptene from the grapefruit peel oil was performed by SP70 macroporous resin adsorption.The amount adsorbed and the recovery of auraptene were 14.53 mg/g and 83.32% respectively.Auraptene was crystallized out from the concentrated eluate of macroporous resin bed successfully.Differential scanning calorimetric(DSC),ultraviolet spectrum(UV),infrared spectroscopy(IR) and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy(ESI-MS) were all used to analyze the obtained crystals qualitatively.The analytical results are in accordance with that of auraptene standard.Furthermore,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was utilized to quantify auraptene of the crystals obtained.The mass fraction of auraptene in the obtained crystals can reach 85%.福建省新世纪人才支持项目(0000-X04157

化工实验教学体系模块化构建探索与实践

厦门大学化学工程与技术实验教学中心以培养化工专业创新性人才为目标,结合化工学科知识结构分布及实验教学的特点,对化工实验的教学内容、教学模式及师资队伍建设进行了改革,构建了"层次化、模块化"的教学体系,切实有效地提高了实验教学质量,以期培养新型工科人才。福建省本科高校教育教学改革研究项目(FBJG20170300

The Effects of Applicant Impression Management on Interviewer Evaluation:A Research on the Job-hunting Reality TV Shows Only You

印象管理在招聘领域备受关注,既有研究多数涉及“应聘者印象管理策略是否会影响考官评价“的研究。但是,管理实践更需要“应聘者印象管理策略对考官评价影响“的机理性解释。基于此,本文借助我国电视招聘节目《非你莫属》中的样本,对应聘者印象管理行为与考官认知的因果模型进行检验,研究应聘者印象管理对考官认知的影响过程中考官共鸣感的中介作用及外表吸引力的调节作用。层级回归分析结果显示,应聘者讨好策略对考官喜欢度的正向影响得到了证实,考官共鸣感在其中起到了部分中介作用。有趣的是,应聘者的外表吸引力在讨好策略与考官共鸣感之间的关系中起到了负向的调节作用。Recently a considerable amount of doubt has been attached to the applicants' displaying behaviors when the job-hunting TV shows are hotly broadcasting.Nevertheless,despite of the showing characteristics of the program,applicants in the real interview also try their best to manage their images and deeply impress the interviewers.Applicant impression management focuses on the behaviors that applicants design to be attractive and competent.Past studies have documented that applicants may use impression management tactics to influence the interviewer evaluation,however so far,few studies investigated how impression management tactics affect the interview outcome and when the impression management tactics will become more effective.The major purpose of this research is to examine the effect of applicants' ingratiation tactics on interviewers' affection in the Chinese job-hunting reality TV shows Only You.Based on Byrne's interpersonal attraction theory(1997),we further explore the mediating role of similarity to interviewer and the moderating effect of applicants' physical attractive appearance on the relationship between applicants' ingratiation tactics and their similarity to interviewer.To get good validity and reliability,we prefer those scales that have been proven to be mature by many foreign researchers.Individual observers,majored in human resource management and unaware of the hypothesis,score the questioning item while watching the selected job-hunting shows after the researcher's guide.Given the fact that twelve interviewers interview one applicant and the evaluation is interactive,we select the opinion of the twelve interviewers in the same show to represent the interviewer evaluation.In the current study,we examine the TV shows from 2012 September to 2013 January and get a sample of 151 applicants.Consistent with hypothesis,hierarchical regression analyses demonstrate that:(1) applicant impression management tactics have a significant positive effect on the interviewer evaluation,which indicates that ingratiation tactics,such as opinion conformity and other-enhancement,will contribute to increasing interviewers' affection to the applicant;(2) similarity to interviewer effect partially mediates the relationship between ingratiation tactics and interviewers' affection to applicant;(3) physical attractive appearance moderates the relationship between ingratiation tactics and similarity to interviewer such that ingratiation tactics have a stronger positive effect on similarity to interviewer when physical attractive appearance is low rather than high.To our surprise,the result shows that interviewers' attention is distracted by the applicant's physical attractive appearance such that the effect of ingratiation tactics on the interviewers' affection is partially decreased.As a result,perhaps it is a good choice for the attractive applicant to demonstrate his/her ability rather than to ingratiate the interviewers too much.This study contributes to the impression management literatures by answering how and why applicant impression management tactics are related to interviewer evaluation in Chinese job-hunting shows context.To increase the validity of the interview,organization may firstly train the interviewers according to the interview strategy goals and make sure the interviewers be alert to the ingratiation tactics.Secondly,increasing diversity of the interviewers should be essential to increase the employing team's efficiency.Meanwhile,interviewers may anticipate the impression management tactics which applicants will chose and prepare in the structured interview in advance.Other selection methods besides interview also should be used to distinguish the false information applicants may provide, such as background investigation or paper test

Conformal Predictor Based Syndrome Differentiation for Traditional Chinese Chronic Fatigue Diagnosis

构建中医证素组合智能诊断模型需要特殊的域预测分类器而非传统的点预测分类器.引入一致性预测器(COnfOrMAl PrEdICTOr,CP),以算法随机性水平值为证素的重要性度量,以算法风险水平为阈值进行域预测输出,以中医慢性疲劳样本集为研究对象,随机森林(rAndOM fOrEST,rf)等传统机器学习算法被嵌入到CP框架中计算样本奇异值.实验结果表明,CP-rf模型不仅拟合率比其他域预测分类器高,还对阈值具有很好的鲁棒性,克服了阈值对预测域的波动性,解决了中医多证素组合诊断关键的技术难题之一,同时CP-rf模型的预测域错误率能够被算法风险水平阈值所校准,表明其阈值具有明确的统计意义和可解释性,能够被中医医生所接受.Syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)which identifies the combination of some selected syndrome factors as the diagnosis for the patient falls into the region prediction rather than point prediction.In this study,conformal predictor(CP)is introduced in the literature of syndrome differentiation diagnosis which provides algorithms randomness level as the importance of syndrome factor and applies the significance level to serve as the threshold.The study aims to the chronic fatigue(CF) dataset in TCM,for which many novel machine learning algorithms,such as random forest(RF),have been plugged into the framework of CP to compute the nonconformity score of the example.The experimental results show that CP-RF highlights not only significantly high matching ratio beyond other region classifiers but robust to threshold value as well.The latter overcomes the fluctuation of region prediction derives from different threshold values and solves one of the most critical challenges in TCM.Moreover,the error rate of CP-RF is hedged by the significance level,which illustrates statistically interpretability and is easy to acceptance by TCM practitioners.福建省自然科学基金(2012J01274); 华侨大学高层次人才科研项目(09BS515

An apparatus for high-pressure isothermal crystallization study and its tentative application

提出用偏光显微镜研究高压等温结晶的研究方法,初步建立了用于研究高压结晶行为的装置,用其考察高压CO_2中肉豆蔻酸的等温结晶行为。通过分析结晶过程,得到其结晶生长速率。结果表明,一定压力的CO_2使肉豆蔻酸的结晶生长速率显著增高。An apparatus based on polar light microscopy technology was tentatively set up to study the crystallization behavior at high pressure.Then the apparatus was applied to the study of isothermal crystallization behavior of Myristic acid in CO_2.The growth rate was obtained by analyzing the crystallization process.Results showed that the growth rate of myrisitic acid crystals is greatly influenced by the pressure of CO_2.国家自然科学基金项目(20876127

The Extraction and Identification of Toosendanin from the Fruit of Melia azedarach Linn

报道了有机溶剂提取法提取苦楝果实中的天然杀虫活性成分,并采用结晶法从浓缩液中成功地分离出苦楝素晶体.采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测定苦楝素晶体基本的理化常数──熔点.通过红外吸收光谱(IR)、紫外吸收光谱(UV)、有机质谱(ESI-MS)对苦楝素晶体进行波谱分析,其数据和文献报道的苦楝素光谱数据完全一致.Toosendanin,an insecticidal component was isolated from the fruits of Melia azadarach Linn by the ethanol extraction and the direct crystallization method.Two melting points of the crystal were obtained through differential scanning calorimetric(DSC).The melting point with water of crystallization was 186.9℃,and the melting point without water of crystallization was 236.4℃.Its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic means(ultra violet spectroscopy,electrospray ioniaztion mass spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy).All the results of qualitative analysis agreed roughly well with the results in the related references.福建省科技项目(2005N043)资