Ⅱ-3 北大短期留学生コース（HUSTEP）への貢献 : エコキャンパスの充実のための樹木看板作製

はじめに:北大の誇る世界一の「森の事件室」である研究林と整備の進んだ北大エコキャンパスを利用し、フィールド科学に関する教育を行なうことのために、研究林・構内の主要樹木の説明パネル(生態・利用・名称の由来)を英文・和文で表記し、テキスト作成と英語による野外教育を進める基礎を構築している。この背景には、急速な温暖化や偏西風による窒素沈着による「もらい公害」など、かつてない環境の下で、次世代の為にも多様性の高い森林資源の保全が切実な課題となったことが挙げられる。この問題解決は、一国だけではなく国際協力によってはじめて実現可能である。東アジア北部に位置する北海道大学は、公害対策先進国の一翼を担って来ただけではなく、森林環境教育・森林技術教育の側面からこの問題に取り組むべきである。幸いに、北海道大学が進めてきた短期留学生の教育の講義内容の高度化を、北方生物圏フィールド科学センター・森林圏ステーションも推進している。それは、「生物資源のための環境科学」と銘打って実施してきた講義内容に反映されている。この中で、近年、各種国家戦略が示されたことに伴い、生物多様性の高いアジアに留学していることを実感し、単一民族と思われがちな我が国でも先住民アイヌの知恵に学びながら木質資源を利用してきたことを知らしめるためにも、樹木の利活用だけではなく、存在の意味を知らしめる手段が必要になった。このために、北海道大学教育改善予算によって校内の主要樹木に生態学的・利用にかかわる講義用看板を設置した。本稿では、この樹木名看板とその設置場所を紹介することによって、HUSTEP講義の高度化への取り組みの一環とすることを目的とした

影像学检查诊断寰枢关节不全脱位的临床价值

目的:比较寰枢关节影像学检查的优缺点,评价影像检查诊断寰枢关节不全脱位的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析X线摄片52例、常规CT检查69例、MRI检查7例、CT三维成像检查89例患者寰枢关节的影像资料。观察寰枢关节不全脱位的影像学表现,分析其临床价值及特点。结果:X线检查52例,肯定脱位诊断13例、可疑脱位诊断17例、无脱位诊断22例。常规CT检查69例,肯定脱位诊断32例、可疑脱位诊断23例、无脱位诊断14例。MRI检查7例,肯定脱位诊断1例、可疑脱位诊断3例、无脱位诊断4例。CT三维成像检查89例,肯定脱位诊断72例、可疑脱位诊断0例、无脱位诊断17例,其肯定脱位诊断率为80.9%,旋转性脱位诊断率为72.2%。结论:影像学检查是诊断寰枢关节不全脱位的主要方法,具有确定诊断的临床价值。其中CT三维成像显示脱位征象最清楚、直观

Microbial Transformation of Gypenoside from Gynostemma pentaphyllum by Aspergullus glaucus and Its Biological Activities

以福建绞股蓝[Gynostemma pentaphyllum(Thunb)Makino]为材料,经乙醇提取和正丁醇萃取获得绞股蓝皂苷,利用灰绿曲霉(Aspergullus glaucus)微生物转化绞股蓝皂苷,通过测定绞股蓝皂苷和灰绿曲霉转化产物的抗癌、抗酪氨酸酶和抗氧化活性,比较绞股蓝皂苷经微生物转化修饰前后生物活性的差异.结果表明:灰绿曲霉转化产物对肝癌细胞SMMC7721有体外抑制作用,半抑制质量浓度(IC50)为91.66μg/m L,而绞股蓝皂苷抗癌效果不强;绞股蓝皂苷对蘑菇酪氨酸酶活力具有较强的抑制作用,IC50为0.14 mg/m L,其抑制作用属于可逆抑制,抑制类型为混合型抑制作用,而灰绿曲霉转化产物抗蘑菇酪氨酸酶活性较弱;绞股蓝皂苷和灰绿曲霉转化产物分别在0.2和2 mg/m L质量浓度下对DNA氧化损伤有保护作用.研究结果说明绞股蓝皂苷经微生物修饰后,抗癌效果增强,对蘑菇酪氨酸酶抑制作用和DNA氧化损伤保护作用减弱.该研究结果可为利用微生物转化法筛选抗癌绞股蓝皂苷奠定基础.Gynostemma pentaphyllum in Fujian Province was used as the material in this research.Gypenoside was extracted with ethanol and n-butyl alcohol. Gypenoside was microbially transformed by Aspergullus glaucus. The abilities of anticancer,anti-tyrosinase and anti-oxidation in gypenoside and transformation products were measured in our study.The difference of bioactivity between gypenoside and microbially transformed gypenoside was compared.The result showed that the products of transformation by A. glaucus affected the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells SMMC7721 with half maximal inhibitory concentration( IC50) values of 91. 66 μg/m L,but the anticancer activity of gypenoside was very weak.Gypenoside had strong inhibition to the mushroom tyrosinase. The value of IC50 was 0. 14 mg / m L. Moreover,the products of transformation by A. glaucus showed little anti-tyrosinase acti-vity.The kinesis study showed that the inhibition of gypenoside to mushroom tyrosinase was reversible and inhibition types were mixed. Gypenoside exhibited the active protective effect on H2O2-induced oxidative-stress damage at the concentration of 0. 2 mg / m L,and the products of transformation by A. glaucus were at 2 mg / m L. This research indicated that the anticancer effect of gypenoside modified by microorganisms was enhanced,but the activity of anti-tyrosinase and H2O2-induced oxidativestress damage became weakened.This study laid the foundation of screening anticancer gypenoside by means of microbial transformation.国家自然科学基金(81274149);; 厦门市科技创新项目(3502Z20132009,3502Z20154083);; 厦门市对台科技合作项目(3502Z20141041

Three-dimensional CT angiography for anatomic measurements of the carotid artery bifurcation

背景:解剖测量是临床医学的基础,可为临床影像学诊断与外科手术提供依据与参考。利用三维 CT 血管成像技术进行相关解剖测量具有明显的技术优势与很好的应用前景。目的:应用 64 排螺旋 CT 血管成像对颈动脉分叉部的形态结构进行测量,为相关研究提供解剖基础。方法:查阅 2008 年 6 月至 2010 年 6 月于厦门大学附属中山医院影像科行头颈部 64 排螺旋 CT 血管成像受检者的扫描图像,随机选取颈动脉分叉部无明显病变者 92 例。其中男 45 例,女 47 例;≤40 岁者40 例,> 40 岁者 52 例。利用其断面图像进行三维成像处理,获得满意的三维图像后,对颈动脉分叉部相关结构进行解剖学测量。结果与结论:三维图像可清晰显示颈动脉分叉部结构,实现其结构的单独和多结构、多方向观察及测量。测量结果显示受试者颈动脉分叉角为(43.5±12.3)°,颈总动脉远端内径(6.83±0.65) MM,颈内动脉膨大区近端内径(7.25±1.04) MM,颈内动脉膨大区最大内径(8.15±1.35) MM,颈内动脉膨大区远端内径(5.03± 0.55) MM,颈外动脉内径(4.22±0.60) MM。与≤40 岁组比较,>40 岁组颈动脉分叉角度、颈内动脉膨大区近端内径、颈内动脉膨大区最大内径、颈内动脉膨大区远端内径均明显粗大,颈外动脉内径明显细小(P 0.05)。与男性组比较,女性组颈动脉分叉部各测量指标均显著细小(P 0.05)。三维 CT 可客观、准确测量颈动脉分叉部相关解剖值,具有个体化特征,可为相关应用解剖、疾病诊断及介入或手术治疗提供客观依据。BACKGROUND: Anatomic measurement is the basis of clinical medicines.It can provide basis and reference for clinical diagnosis and surgical operation.The anatomical measurement with 64-spiral CT angiography has the obvious technical superiority and good application prospect.OBJECTIVE: To measure the anatomical structure of the carotid artery bifurcation with 64-spiral CT angiography, and to provide anatomic basis for relevant researches.METHODS: A total of 92 subjects, who underwent 64-spiral CT angiography in head and neck without any pathology of carotid artery bifurcation from June 2008 to June 2010, were selected from Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University.There were 40 male cases (≤40 years old) and 52 female cases (> 40 years old).The cross-sectional images were processed with three-dimensional imaging to obtain the three-dimensional image and to measure the anatomical structure of the carotid artery bifurcation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The three-dimensional images could clearly display the structure of carotid artery bifurcation and could achieve the mono- or multi-structure and multi-directional observation of structure.The measurement results showed the carotid artery bifurcation angle was (43.5±12.3)°, the distal inner diameter of the common carotid artery was (6.83±0.65) mm, the proximal inner diameter of the internal carotid artery enlargement area was (7.25±1.04) mm, the width of the internal carotid artery enlargement area was (8.15±1.35) mm, the distal inner diameter of the internal carotid artery enlargement area was (5.03±0.55) mm, and the inner diameter of the external carotid artery was (4.22±0.60) mm.Compared with the ≤ 40 years old group, the carotid artery bifurcation angle, proximal inner diameter of the internal carotid artery enlargement area, width of the internal carotid artery enlargement area and the distal inner diameter of the internal carotid artery enlargement area in the > 40 years old group were increased significantly, while the inner diameter of the external carotid artery was small (P 0.05).Compared with the male group, the measurement indexes of carotid artery bifurcation in the female group were significantly smaller (P 0.05).Three-dimensional CT image can objectively and accurately measure the anatomical values of carotid artery bifurcation.It has individual characteristics that can provide the objective basis for applied anatomy, disease diagnosis and surgery treatment.国家自然科学基金面上项目(81071214)~

Finite Element Modeling of Carotid Siphon Based on CT Data

目的基于CT血管造影(CT AngIOgrAPHy,CTA)扫描数据,构建颈内动脉虹吸段三维有限元模型。方法利用gE lIgHTSPEEd64排螺旋CT扫描获得颈内动虹吸段CTA数据,将dICOM格式原始数据直接读入MIMICS软件系统,采用阈值分割与手动分割相结合的处理方法,选择感兴趣部位,计算得到初步三维几何模型。调用fEA模块的rEMESH功能,获取血管面网格,文件以流体网格格式保存并输出,再导入gAMbIT软件进行流体网格划分及网格质量检查,获取三维有限元模型。结果构建了颈内动脉虹吸段有限元模型,模型具有良好的解剖形态,与实体相一致。其流体网格文件可直接导入流体力学有限元软件进行相关研究。结论基于CTA扫描数据进行颈内动脉有限元建模具有精确、快速及效率高的特点,为血管流体力学研究提供基础。Objective To achieve finite element modeling of carotid siphon based on CT data.Methods By GE Lightspeed 64 MSCT scan with 0.625 mm in thickness, we got the CT data of carotid siphon, which was loaded to the software of "Mimics" with the dicom-format images.With the combination of threshold setting and manual editing, the three-dimensional geometry model was calculated.With the Remesh function of FEA module, the vascular surface grid was gained and saved as fluid grid format, which was directly loaded to Gambit software to divide fluid mesh and check its quality.Finally the finite element modeling of carotid siphon was finished.Results Finite element modeling of carotid siphon was successfully set up.It had the same good anatomical shape as a real object.The fluid grid data could be directly loaded to hydromechanics finite element software for further research.Conclusion Finite element modeling of carotid siphon based on CT data has the characteristics of accuracy and high efficiency, which provides basic medium for hemodynamic research.国家自然科学基金面上项目(项目编号:81071214

身体活動・運動定着のための新たな取組 : ゆるやかなつながりで住民の主体性を育てる

要旨：身体活動・運動の普及、運動習慣の定着が図られるよう、運動支援ボランティアの養成が進められている。長野市では、養成講座から組織化したボランティア団体を育成・支援してきたが、会の維持が困難となった。ボランティアの募集ではなく、運動講習会参加者に声をかけ、組織化せず、ゆるやかにつながれる「モニター会」を開催したところ、自らが考えボランティア活動を行う参加者が見られるなど、健康づくりの広がりにつながりつつある。Article信州公衆衛生雑誌 14(1): 44-45(2019)journal articl

The Diagnosis of the Ancient Trees of Ficus microcarpa

通过对鼓浪屿古榕树的普查,选择其健康诊断的生长指标和生理指标,包括当年生枝叶、果实生长状况、叶绿素荧光等,对不同生长势的古榕树进行分析,旨在探讨基于生长指标与生理指标相结合的古榕树的健康诊断方法,为古榕树的养护与复壮提供依据。结果表明,生长指标与生理指标能较一致地指示古榕树的健康状况。因此,可通过生长指标与生理指标相结合的方法诊断古榕树的健康状况。Based on the general investigation and analysis of the ancient trees of Ficus microcarpa at Gulangyu by use of the growth indices and the physiological indices,such as the growth status of annual branches,leaves and fruits and the chlorophyll fluorescence,the diagnosis of the ancient trees of Ficus microcarpa with different growth vigor was discussed to provide evidence for their maintenance and rejuvenation.The results indicated that the growth indices and the physiological indices could consistently instruct the health status of the ancient trees of Ficus microcarpa.Thus the diagnosis by the combination of the growth indices and the physiological indices could be applied to the ancient trees of Ficus microcarpa.鼓浪屿万石山国家级风景名胜区科技项目资助(GW2008