Spatiotemporal dynamics of coastal ecosystem services using GIS and InVEST: a case study in the Longhai City

本文选取地处海西城市群的漳州龙海市为研究区,基于联合国千年评估提出的生态系统服务框架,借助gIS技术、In VEST模型和经济价值模型评估方法,评估龙海近30 A(1986~2010)生态系统服务价值时空动态变化。结果表明:从1986至2010年,龙海生态系统服务价值整体呈降低趋势,尤其在南溪河口区、卓岐镇海区、海门岛及漳州开发区更为明显;龙海研究区域内生态系统服务价值存在明显空间差异性,单位面积生态系统服务价值较高为卓岐镇海区、漳州开发区、隆教湾、海门岛,人类干扰强度最大的龙海市中心为最低;龙海生态系统服务价值中养分调节、污染处理与控制及休闲娱乐价值明显高于其他服务价值,且七个分区生态系统服务主导功能存在明显差异,南溪河口区、海门岛、漳州开发区和紫泥岛有红树林的存在,红树林提供的气候调节和维持空气质量服务价值及防洪防潮稳定岸线服务价值较高。本研究可为龙海市海岸带空间规划和管理提供参考。This article uses GIS technology,In VEST model and economic valuation models as the assessment methods to assess the value and the spatial distribution of coastal ecosystem services in Longhai coastal city over the past 30years( 1986 ~ 1996) based on The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment framework proposed by the UN.The results reveal that the overall value of ecosystem services in Longhai City decreased between 1986 and 1996,especially in Nanxi Estuary,Zhuoqi Town district,Haimen Island,and zhangzhou development zone.The value of services provided by seven coastal zones in Longhai City varies spatially with Zhuoqi Town,Haimen Island,and Longjiao Estuary providing the much higher valuable ecosystem services value whereas Longhai City Center provides the least valuable ecosystem service value.Due to the presence of mangroves in Nanxi Estuary,Haimen Island,Zhangzhou Development Zone and Zini Island; the value of the ecosystem services provided by the mangroves are relatively higher in these areas.of all the ecosystem services,Pollution treatment and control service,recreational and nutrient retention services have been revealed to be more valuable than other ecosystem services.This paper will potentially serve as a reference document to land managers for Longhai coastal spatial planning and management.福建省海岛与海岸带管理技术研究重点实验室开放基金(FJKL-C&IMTS2013021;FJKL-C&IMTS201302

Local Sensitivity and Its Stationarity Analysis for Urban Rainfall Runoff Modelling

基于MOrrIS筛选法,在厦门城市小流域采用8场实测降雨数据对城市降雨径流模型SWMM的水文水力模块进行局部灵敏度及其稳定性分析.结果表明,ArEA、%IMPErV和dSTOrE-IMPErV是影响降雨总径流量和流量峰值最灵敏的参数.对于总径流量,ArEA、%IMPErV和dSTOrE-IMPErV的灵敏度分别为0.46~1.0、0.61~1.0和-0.050~-5.9;而对于流量峰值,它们的灵敏度分别为0.48~0.89、0.59~0.83和0~-9.6.其中降雨强度最小的场次降雨的各个参数降雨总径流量和流量峰值的灵敏度都最大,而降雨强度较大的场次降雨的总径流量和流量峰值的灵敏度都较小.不同场次降雨模型参数的灵敏度分析具有很大的差异性,但%zErO-IMPErV对总径流量和流量峰值模拟输出影响的稳定性最小,表现在变异度最大,高达221.24%和228.10%,而COnduCTIVITy参数稳定性最大,变异系数都为0.Sensitivity analysis of urban-runoff simulation is a crucial procedure for parameter identification and uncertainty analysis.Local sensitivity analysis using Morris screening method was carried out for urban rainfall runoff modelling based on Storm Water Management Model(SWMM).The results showed that Area,% Imperv and Dstore-Imperv are the most sensitive parameters for both total runoff volume and peak flow.Concerning total runoff volume,the sensitive indices of Area,% Imperv and Dstore-Imperv were 0.46-1.0,0.61-1.0,-0.050--5.9,respectively;while with respect to peak runoff,they were 0.48-0.89,0.59-0.83,0--9.6,respectively.In comparison,the most sensitive indices(Morris) for all parameters with regard to total runoff volume and peak flow appeared in the rainfall event with least rainfall;and less sensitive indices happened in the rainfall events with heavier rainfall.Furthermore,there is considerable variability in sensitive indices for each rainfall event.% Zero-Imperv’s coefficient variations have the largest values among all parameters for total runoff volume and peak flow,namely 221.24% and 228.10%.On the contrary,the coefficient variations of conductivity among all parameters for both total runoff volume and peak flow are the smallest,namely 0.国家自然科学基金项目(50778098);福建省青年人才项目(2007F3093

Comparative Study on Characteristics of Urban Rainfall Runoff from Two Urban Lawn Catchments in Macau and Xiamen

在澳门与厦门分别选一分流制管道类型的绿地小流域开展降雨径流监测,以研究城市绿地降雨径流污染特征.结果表明,两城市绿地小流域降雨径流的主要污染物为COd、TP、nO3--n,其EMC平均值分别为165.77--60.48 Mg/l、0.96--0.44 Mg/l和7.16--1.18 Mg/l;两城市绿地的COd、TP、nO3--n污染负荷平均值分别为6.53--0.63 kg/HM2、0.037 5--0.004 7 kg/HM2和0.012 2--0.012 8 kg/HM2;绿地降雨径流污染物浓度峰值出现时间早于径流量峰值;城市绿地降雨径流初始冲刷效应不明显,厦门绿地小流域降雨径流COd、TSS、TP及nO3--n的ff30分别为36.26%、26.13%、28.13%和39.03%.基于多元回归分析结果表明,总降雨量和总径流量是影响绿地降雨径流污染初始冲刷效应的主要因素.A comparative study on characteristics of stormwater runoff from two urban lawn catchments in Macau(ELH) and Xiamen(PGH) with separated sewer system were conducted.The result obtained shows that COD,TP and(NO---_3-N) are the major pollutants with mean EMC of 165.77-60.48(mg/L),0.96-0.44(mg/L) and 7.16-1.18(mg/L),respectively,and the mean values of pollutants loads of COD,TP and(NO---_3-N) from study lawn catchments are 6.53-0.63(kg/hm--2),(0.037?5)-(0.004?7)(kg/hm--2) and(0.012?2)-(0.012?8)(kg/hm--2),respectively.Peak values of major pollutant concentrations usually precede the flow peak.First flush effect of rainfall runoff from two study catchments is no obvious,which can be reflected by the low mean value of FF_(30) of TSS,COD,TP and(NO---_3-N),with 36.26%,26.13%,28.13% and 39.03%,respectively.Based on multivariate statistical analysis,first flush effect from urban lawn rainfall runoff is greatly influenced by total rainfall amount(T_r) and total runoff volume(V).国家自然科学基金项目(50778098);福建省青年人才项目(2007F3093

基于渐近破坏模型的震前“静音期”数值分析与思考

在国内两次地震中某地震应变仪测量数据显示,地震发生前期约几个月的时间,有5天没有观测到压性脉冲及阶跃应变异常信号。而在这5天之外,压性脉冲及阶跃应变异常信号频繁。在岩石力学应力应变实验中,也有较多的文献表明,在应力峰值附近,灾变前也有一个时间段声发射信息较少。为叙述方便,我们将这个时间段称为"静音期"。鉴于这种现象在汶川8级大地震及之后的芦山7级地震中皆出现过,我们认为静音期很有可能是大地震的前兆

一个检测半导体激光器质量的有效方法

对一百支PBC结构的InGaAsP/InP激光器的检测表明,通过变温的电导数及热阻测试给出的参数及参数随温度的变化可对半导体激光器有效地进行质量评价和可靠性筛选

蓝紫光InGaN多量子阱激光器

在（0001）蓝宝石衬底上外延生长了InGaN长周期多量子阱激光器结构．三轴晶X射线衍射测量显示该多量子阱结构质量优良．用该外延片制作了脊形波导GaN激光器，激光器的腔面为GaN的自然解理面，室温，电脉冲注入，激光器可实现激射．阈值电流密度为3．3kA／cm~2，特征温度为145K

中国现代花粉数据集

孢粉是重建古植被、古气候的重要基础数据。孢粉数据库对研究样点至区域和全球尺度上的古环境演变规律、古气候变化特征反演和古生物地球化学循环模拟等具有重要意义。该文收集整理了中国1960–2020年间发表和部分未发表的现代花粉数据记录,包括样品编号、采样位置、采样地经纬度和海拔高度、样品类型、数据来源、数据类型、周边植被信息、参考文献、花粉类群及其含量等信息;并对数据进行筛选和标准化等处理,由此整合为中国现代花粉数据集。该数据集由4 497个现代花粉采样点的数据信息组成,包括660个来自中国第四纪孢粉数据库数据,1 763个前期整理发表的数据和2 074个近期收集的数据,涵盖772个花粉类群。样品类型以土壤表层样品(3 332个)为主,苔藓样品以及湖泊、海洋表层样品等为辅,广泛分布于全国不同地理区域和植被类型中,其中以温带荒漠区域(24.91%)和亚热带常绿阔叶林区域(24.02%)最丰富,其次为温带草原区域(16.14%)和青藏高原高寒植被区域(15.83%)。数据按照来源可分为原始数据(58%)和数值化数据(42%);按照数据类型可分为原始统计粒数的样点(59%)和以花粉百分比表达的样点(41%)。半个多世纪以来,科研人员开展了大量的表层现代花粉取样和研究。本数据集虽然仅获取部分记录,但样点覆盖了我国绝大多数地区,可有效地用于古植被与古气候重建的现代孢粉与现代植被校验,并将为中国孢粉数据库的建立与更深入的孢粉研究提供数据支撑

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel