汶川地震灾区城镇化与进城务工人员的空间分异及流向分析

通过分析汶川地震灾区51个县(市、区)的1271个乡镇城镇人口、外出进城务工人员的调研统计数据发现,汶川地震灾区城镇人口数量少,城镇化水平过低(只有19.8%),比同期全国城镇化水平低24.1个百分点,城市化发展尚处初期阶段;城镇化水平空间差异巨大,较低和低度城镇化地区占78%以上,少数民族地区的城镇化水平更加偏低。但灾区进城务工人员规模达359.31万人,相当于灾区总人口的1/5,根据各乡镇外出进城务工人员比率,将灾区进城务工人员的空间分布分为高外出区、较高外出区、中等外出区、较低外出区、低外出区共五种类型,呈现出到省外的进城务工人员多于到省内县外的进城务工人员,平原丘陵地区多于山地地区、经济相对发达地区多于经济落后地区、人口密集地区多于稀疏地区、城镇化较高地区多于较低地区、汉族地区多于少数民族地区的空间分布特征。综合分析灾区到省外务工的人员流向可知,外出到省外务工人口主要集中在广东、浙江、上海等沿海经济发达地区和山西、新疆等资源富集地区。为了提高灾区城镇化水平,建议加快灾区城乡统筹重建步伐,推进灾区进城务工人员的本土化,变灾民为市民,加大灾区灾民劳务输出的力度,多渠道扩大灾民就业,对口建立灾区劳务输出市场,确定劳务输入的重点区域。国家“十一五”科技支撑计划重大项目课题(2006BAJ05A06、2006BAJ14B03);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KZCX2-YW-321-05)资助~

新疆城镇产业布局分析与决策支持系统研发及应用研究

在我国全面推进新型工业化、健康城镇化和新农村建设的大背景下,城镇作为推进我国城镇化进程的重要途径之一,在我国实施健康城镇化道路过程中有着不可替代的战略地位。国家“十一五”规划明确提出,要促进城镇化健康发展,坚持大中小城市和小城镇协调发展,提高城镇综合承载能力,党的十八大报告和中央经济工作会议明确提出要积极稳妥地推进城镇化,着力提升城镇化发展质量,走集约、高效、绿色、低碳的新型城镇化发展道路。推进健康的新型城镇化需要合理的产业集聚与空间布局。然而,目前在我国,尤其在新疆城镇蓬勃发展过程中,在产业发展布局方面尚存在着一系列亟待解决的突出问题,迫切需要按照“产业集聚,用地集约、布局集中”的“三集”原..

城镇产业布局决策支持系统关键技术研发及在北京援疆中的应用研究

《城镇产业布局决策支持系统关键技术研发及在北京援疆中的应用研究》项目是国家“十一五”科技支撑计划重大项目与北京科技援疆项目有机结合的综合性研究项目。一方面以国家“十一五”科技支撑计划重大项目课题“城镇产业布局分析系统开发”(2006BAJ05A06)等6项国家纵向研究项目为研究支撑,另一方面以26项以新疆和田地区、克拉玛依市、吐鲁番地区、沙湾县等为主委托的城镇体系规划、城市总体规划、城镇产业布局规划、产业集聚区规划、“十二五”经济社会发展规划、工业园区选址设计等横向项目及科技援疆项目为推广应用示范基地,通过二者的有机结合和示范应用,实现了对新疆地区城镇产业布局与决策支持系统的信息化和标准化管理..

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials