玉屏风散对鱼类非特异性免疫和免疫相关基因表达的影响

为探究传统中药玉屏风散在水产养殖上的生物学功效,在基础饲料中分别添加2.5%、5%和10%的玉屏风散和1%的芪参散配成实验饲料,饲喂实验鱼2周,然后分别观察两种中药对罗非鱼（体重约220 g）的生长、非特异性免疫及免疫相关基因表达的影响以及对草鱼（体重约20 g）免疫保护率的影响。结果显示：各中药组均提高了罗非鱼增重率,10%玉屏风散组效果最显著;各实验组中罗非鱼肝、肾、脾体指数和各血液学指标与对照组无显著差异;各中药组罗非鱼谷草转氨酶（AST）和谷丙转氨酶（ALT）含量均不高于空白对照组;2.5%、10%玉屏风散组和1%芪参散组碱性磷酸酶（AKP）含量均高于对照组（P〉0.05）;各药物组罗非鱼溶菌酶活性均高于对照组,且2.5%玉屏风散组与对照组差异显著（P〈0.05）;玉屏风散各剂量组罗非鱼呼吸暴发活性均高于对照组（P〉0.05）;罗非鱼肝脏中热休克蛋白70（HSP70）在各实验组中表达量均上调,肾脏中HSP70在2.5%和5%玉屏风散组表达量上调,脾脏中HSP70在各实验组中表达量均下调;肝脏中转化生长因子受体TGFRⅢ在2.5%玉屏风散组表达量上调,肾脏中TGFRⅢ在2.5%玉屏风散组和1%芪参散组表达量上调,脾脏中TGFRⅢ在各实验组中表达量均上调;玉屏风散各剂量组能够提高草鱼对嗜水气单胞菌的抵抗能力,表现为死亡率降低和进入血液的细菌减少,其中5%玉屏风散组效果最佳。实验表明,玉屏风散能够有效促进罗非鱼生长,对其非特异性免疫指标以及免疫相关基因表达均有不同程度的促进作用,并能够有效地提高草鱼的免疫保护率

玉屏风散对鱼类非特异性免疫和免疫相关基因表达的影响

为探究传统中药玉屏风散在水产养殖上的生物学功效,在基础饲料中分别添加2.5%、5%和10%的玉屏风散和1%的芪参散配成实验饲料,饲喂实验鱼2周,然后分别观察两种中药对罗非鱼（体重约220 g）的生长、非特异性免疫及免疫相关基因表达的影响以及对草鱼（体重约20 g）免疫保护率的影响。结果显示：各中药组均提高了罗非鱼增重率,10%玉屏风散组效果最显著;各实验组中罗非鱼肝、肾、脾体指数和各血液学指标与对照组无显著差异;各中药组罗非鱼谷草转氨酶（AST）和谷丙转氨酶（ALT）含量均不高于空白对照组;2.5%、10%玉屏风散组和1%芪参散组碱性磷酸酶（AKP）含量均高于对照组（P〉0.05）;各药物组罗非鱼溶菌酶活性均高于对照组,且2.5%玉屏风散组与对照组差异显著（P〈0.05）;玉屏风散各剂量组罗非鱼呼吸暴发活性均高于对照组（P〉0.05）;罗非鱼肝脏中热休克蛋白70（HSP70）在各实验组中表达量均上调,肾脏中HSP70在2.5%和5%玉屏风散组表达量上调,脾脏中HSP70在各实验组中表达量均下调;肝脏中转化生长因子受体TGFRⅢ在2.5%玉屏风散组表达量上调,肾脏中TGFRⅢ在2.5%玉屏风散组和1%芪参散组表达量上调,脾脏中TGFRⅢ在各实验组中表达量均上调;玉屏风散各剂量组能够提高草鱼对嗜水气单胞菌的抵抗能力,表现为死亡率降低和进入血液的细菌减少,其中5%玉屏风散组效果最佳。实验表明,玉屏风散能够有效促进罗非鱼生长,对其非特异性免疫指标以及免疫相关基因表达均有不同程度的促进作用,并能够有效地提高草鱼的免疫保护率

A qualitative study on the motivations to bariatric surgery of patients with obesity (肥胖症患者寻求减重手术动机的质性研究)

Objective To understand the feelings and to explore the motivations of domestic obese people undergoing bariatric surgery. Methods Phenomenological research design and semi-structural interviews were conducted on 15 obesity patients who undergoing bariatric surgery, and the collected data were analyzed with the method of Colaizzi Phenomenological analysis. Results By analyzing and sorting out the data, 5 themes related to the motivation of pursuing bariatric surgery were put forward: improving health and longevity; treating obesity-related complications; improving quality of life; improving appearance, self-image and social interaction, and controlling poor eating behavior. Conclusion Improving health and prolonging life, treating obesity-related diseases and optimizing quality of life are the biggest reasons for obesity patients to seek bariatric surgery. When giving patients the choice of obesity treatment and outcome education, these factors should be taken into account, which will help to individualization encourage obese patients to better accept bariatric surgery. (目的 了解国内肥胖人群进行减重手术的心理感受, 探索国内肥胖症患者寻求减重手术的动机。方法 对15名进行减重手术的肥胖症患者进行半结构访谈, 并用质性研究中的Colaizzi现象学研究方法整理、分析资料。结果 通过分析和整理资料提炼出减重手术动机相关的5个主题: 改善健康和寿命; 治疗肥胖相关合并症; 提高生活质量; 改善外表、自我形象和社会互动以及控制不良饮食行为。结论 改善健康延长寿命、治疗肥胖相关疾病和优化生活质量是促使肥胖症患者寻求减重手术的最主要的原因。当对患者进行肥胖症治疗方案选择和结果教育时, 医护人员应考虑上述因素, 个性化激励国内肥胖人群更好地接受减重手术。

牡丹峰国家级自然保护区极北鲵产卵场生境

极北鲵（Salamandrella keyserlingii）为国家二级重点保护野生动物，其生存受到生境退化和丧失的严重威胁，深入探究其产卵时的生境选择偏好，对促进其种群数量的增长至关重要。2023年5月在牡丹峰国家级自然保护区，采用样方法调查极北鲵及其卵袋的数量，同时测量产卵场19个生境因子，以期揭示影响其繁殖行为的关键因子。结果显示：共发现154条极北鲵和85条卵袋，极北鲵倾向于选择植被茂密、近河流的静水池塘作为产卵地点，池塘面积65.20 ~ 300.00 m²，水体平均深度1.13 m，土壤以黏质为主。所选区域地表温度保持在14.50 ~ 17.20 ℃，水体温度在13.90 ~ 16.70 ℃，光照强度适宜（7.44 klx），空气湿度42.20% ~ 67.20%。水质分析表明，水体pH偏碱性（8.08 ± 0.17），水体电导率（135.35 ± 39.86） μS/cm，溶解氧质量浓度（3.62 ± 1.50） mg/L。通过相关性分析和主成分分析，确定影响极北鲵（r1）和卵袋数量（r2）的关键因子。其中，距道路距离（r1 = 0.827、r2 = 0.724）、水体面积（r1 = 0.792、r2 = 0.901）、郁闭度（r1 = 0.697、r2 = 0.658）、水体温度（r1 = 0.597）、地表温度（r1 = 0.582）、水体深度（r1 = -0.706、r2 = -0.667）、人为干扰程度（r1 = -0.682、r2 = -0.616）和水面覆盖物（r2 = 0.559）与极北鲵繁殖行为密切相关。气候因子、水因子以及干扰因子在极北鲵选择产卵位点时起到重要作用，保护此类环境因子对极北鲵的生存与繁殖具有重要意义

Prediction of Energy Resolution in the JUNO Experiment

International audienceThis paper presents the energy resolution study in the JUNO experiment, incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase. The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an exceptional energy resolution better than 3% at 1 MeV. To achieve this ambitious goal, significant efforts have been undertaken in the design and production of the key components of the JUNO detector. Various factors affecting the detection of inverse beta decay signals have an impact on the energy resolution, extending beyond the statistical fluctuations of the detected number of photons, such as the properties of liquid scintillator, performance of photomultiplier tubes, and the energy reconstruction algorithm. To account for these effects, a full JUNO simulation and reconstruction approach is employed. This enables the modeling of all relevant effects and the evaluation of associated inputs to accurately estimate the energy resolution. The study reveals an energy resolution of 2.95% at 1 MeV. Furthermore, the study assesses the contribution of major effects to the overall energy resolution budget. This analysis serves as a reference for interpreting future measurements of energy resolution during JUNO data taking. Moreover, it provides a guideline in comprehending the energy resolution characteristics of liquid scintillator-based detectors

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel