长期玉米连作下黑土各组分有机质化学结构特征

【目的】研究玉米连作24年前后黑土有机质红外光谱特征,探明长期玉米连作对黑土各团聚体及密度组分中有机质结构的影响,完善长期连作下土壤有机质化学结构动态变化理论。【方法】以中国科学院海伦农业生态试验站长期定位试验为研究平台,选取24年玉米连作下耕层(0—20 cm)土壤为研究对象,以试验设置前土样为对照,根据团聚体和密度大小,将土壤有机质进行分级,分别用元素分析仪和傅里叶红外光谱仪测定原土、各粒级团聚体及密度组分中的碳含量和有机质的红外光谱,对比分析玉米连作24年前后土壤有机质含量及红外光谱特征。【结果】玉米连作24年后,全土中碳含量降低5.3%,2—0.25 mm团聚体中碳含量显著降低,其他粒级团聚体中有降低的趋势;LF(游离态轻组)中碳含量增加32.74%,OF(闭蓄态轻组)中减少16.72%,MF(矿质结合态组分)中没有显著变化。土壤有机质中脂肪族-CH、多糖C-O、酚醇-OH吸收峰相对强度增强,芳香族C=C和羧基C=O吸收峰相对强度降低,脂肪族-CH/芳香族C=C比值增加。在各粒级团聚体中,-CH/C=C比值增加主要表现在>2 mm团聚体中,主成分分析也表明>2 mm团聚体中有机质结构变化最大,该粒级团聚体中3个密度组分LF、OF和MF有机质-CH/C=C比值增加,且LF中增加程度最大;在其他粒级中的3个密度组分有机质-CH/C=C比值有增加的趋势。【结论】长期玉米连作,黑土大粒级团聚体和各密度组分中有机质结构趋于脂肪化、简单化,团聚体和矿物质结合对有机质的保护作用降低,黑土有机质稳定性下降

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

Prediction of Energy Resolution in the JUNO Experiment

International audienceThis paper presents the energy resolution study in the JUNO experiment, incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase. The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an exceptional energy resolution better than 3% at 1 MeV. To achieve this ambitious goal, significant efforts have been undertaken in the design and production of the key components of the JUNO detector. Various factors affecting the detection of inverse beta decay signals have an impact on the energy resolution, extending beyond the statistical fluctuations of the detected number of photons, such as the properties of liquid scintillator, performance of photomultiplier tubes, and the energy reconstruction algorithm. To account for these effects, a full JUNO simulation and reconstruction approach is employed. This enables the modeling of all relevant effects and the evaluation of associated inputs to accurately estimate the energy resolution. The study reveals an energy resolution of 2.95% at 1 MeV. Furthermore, the study assesses the contribution of major effects to the overall energy resolution budget. This analysis serves as a reference for interpreting future measurements of energy resolution during JUNO data taking. Moreover, it provides a guideline in comprehending the energy resolution characteristics of liquid scintillator-based detectors

Determination of the number of ψ(3686) events taken at BESIII

The number of ψ(3686) events collected by the BESIII detector during the 2021 run period is determined to be (2259.3±11.1)×106 by counting inclusive ψ(3686) hadronic events. The uncertainty is systematic and the statistical uncertainty is negligible. Meanwhile, the numbers of ψ(3686) events collected during the 2009 and 2012 run periods are updated to be (107.7±0.6)×106 and (345.4±2.6)×106, respectively. Both numbers are consistent with the previous measurements within one standard deviation. The total number of ψ(3686) events in the three data samples is (2712.4±14.3)×10^

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies