中国南方地区罗非鱼无乳链球菌的分子流行病学研究

从广东省以及海南省等地区养殖的患病罗非鱼体内分离、收集到多株致病菌,经生化分析和分子生物学鉴定,均为无乳链球菌。对这些菌株分别进行了耐药谱测定、分子分型试验以及分子血清型分析。药敏试验结果表明,2007—2010年分离到的无乳链球菌耐药谱基本相似;多位点可变数目串联重复序列分析(MLVA)试验中,选择5个高变异指数的可变数目重复位点(VNTR)进行分子分型,结果表明,所有鱼源无乳链球菌菌株为同一MLVA型,而作为对照的牛源无乳链球菌则明显不同;为了对这些菌株进一步分型,分别进行了分子血清型和表面蛋白抗原基因的检测,结果表明,鱼源无乳链球菌的分子血清型均为Ⅰa型,表面蛋白抗原均为alpha-C蛋白。这进一步说明了不同年份和不同地区的鱼源无乳链球菌在基因水平上为同一分子类型,具有相同的起源或传染源。同时也说明,我国南方地区罗非鱼无乳链球菌在这几年中未发生明显的遗传变异。这些结果为罗非鱼无乳链球菌病疫苗研制,疫病监测及药物防治的研究提供理论依据

Linking Watershed Nutrient Loads and Riverine Export to Reservoir Eutrophication:The Case of Shanzai Reservoir, Fujian Province

建立流域氮磷输出、河流输送与入库通量的分析方法,以福建省山仔水库为例,基于gIS技术分析乡镇、子流域的氮磷污染分布和来源构成,识别关键源区并探讨库区水质与流域污染输出和河流输送之间的关联性。结果表明,2009年山仔流域单位面积总氮输出负荷为13.4 kg n·HM-2·A-1(生活污水和化肥流失占64%),总磷输出负荷为0.82 kg P·HM-2·A-1(畜禽养殖和生活污水占90%),入库氮、磷负荷分别为3248 T n·A-1和192 T P·A-1,其中河流输入占62%和89%,环库区面源污染贡献小于2%;不同乡镇单位面积氮输出负荷为3.54~20.0 kg n·HM-2,磷输出负荷为0.38~2.50 kg P·HM-2,其中日溪乡和霍口乡临近库区,化肥流失与畜禽养殖污染最重。上游乡镇污染较轻,但生活污水比重大(42%~84%)。皇帝洞溪子流域污染最重(19.4 kg n·HM-2;1.95 kg P·HM-2),其次是霍口溪中下游和日溪子流域。库区总氮高值出现在坝区和日溪湾汊,总磷高值在小沧至霍口溪七里入口之间,水质有明显分区,与流域污染分布、河流输送和库区沉积物的释放相关联,河流输入对库区富营养化起决定性作用。流域氮磷输出负荷比值平均为16,库区水中氮磷比值在15~20之间,意味着该生态系统处于磷的弱限制,水华爆发风险较大,建议采取“分区整治流域污染、氮磷联合削减、畜禽养殖和磷肥流失优先控制“的富营养化防控策略。A quantitative analysis of watershed nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)loads,riverine export and other inputs to reservoir was conducted for Shanzai reservoir in Fujian Province.Spatial variation of N and P pollution and major components were interpreted at town and sub-watershed scale using GIS techniques,and the critical source area(CSA)was indentified.The linkage between reservoir water quality and watershed nutrients loading and riverine export fluxes was examined.Results revealed that total N and P loads per unit area of the Shan zai watershed were 13.4 kg N·hm-2·a-1and 0.82 kg P·hm-2·a-1,respectively.Domestic sewage and fertilizer runoff accounted for 64% of total N load,and livestock waste and domestic sewage shared 90% of total P load.Total N and P loads to the Shanzai reservoir were 3248 t N·a-1 and 192 t P·a-1,62% and 89% of which were through riverine transport and the remainder mostly from sediment release.Less than 2% of in puts were from non-point sources in the surrounding area.Town-level N and P loads per unit area ranged from 3.54~20.0 kg N·hm-2and 0.38~2.50 kg P·hm-2,respectively.Two towns(Rixi and Huokou) adjacent to the reservoir were identified as CSA of fertilizer runoff and livestock waste,while human sewage dominated the nutrient load(42%~84% of total)in other towns in the upstream area.Huangdidong subwatershed was the most polluted catchment(19.4 kg N·hm-2;1.95 kg P·hm-2),followed by the lower reaches of Huokou River and Rixi subwatershed.The high value of total N concentration was observed near the dam head and Rixi inlet,whereas high total P concentration was found in channel from Huokuo inlet to Xiaocang.The spatial variation of the nutrients level in the reservoir was highly associated with watershed nutrient loads,riverine export and sediment-water exchange,indicating that riverine input is the decisive factor contributing to eutrophication of the reservoir.The average N∶P ratio of the nutrient load was calculated as 16 for the whole watershed,which combined with the TN∶ TP ratio of 15~20 observed in reservoir surface water suggested that the reservoir ecosystem was weakly limited by P and tended to stimulate algal bloom.To mitigate eutrophication,reduction of both N and P pollution should be considered in those CSAs,with a priority given to P pollution from livestock and phosphate fertilizer loss.公益类科研院所专项(2011R1004-2); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项(厦门大学基础创新科研基金项目)(2012121053

用HPLC-MS-MS快速分析和鉴定三尖杉植物内生真菌发酵液中的Brefeldin A

采用HPLC -MS -MS联用技术 ,分析了C56和C65两株具有抗肿瘤活性的三尖杉植物内生真菌发酵液抽提物 ,首次报道了这两株真菌都能产生BrefeldinA(BFA)。采用ESI-MS总离子流跟踪分析HPLC的洗脱液 ,并用低能量的CID -MS -MS(碰撞诱导裂解方式 )进一步确定目标离子峰为BFA分子离子峰 ,这为植物内生真菌发酵液中的有效成分的早期鉴别奠定了基

养正消积胶囊辅助GP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床研究

目的观察养正消积胶囊辅助GP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床疗效。方法采用随机数字表法将89例晚期NSCLC患者分为对照组44例及观察组45例。2组均采用GP方案;观察组并予养正消积胶囊,每次4粒,每日3次,口服。2组均21d为1个周期,连续治疗2个周期,随访1年。观察2组治疗前后Ki67、Bax、Bcl-2蛋白表达及肿瘤标志物[血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、骨桥蛋白(OPN)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原199(CA199)]、中医症状评分、生活质量评分,比较2组客观缓解率(ORR)、疾病控制率(DCR)、无进展生存时间(PFS),监测不良反应。结果观察组ORR、DCR明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,观察组治疗后、随访1年VEGF、OPN、CEA、CA199水平明显降低(P<0.05);对照组治疗后上述指标明显降低(P<0.05),随访1年CEA水平明显降低(P<0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,2组治疗后Ki67、Bcl-2蛋白表达明显降低,Bax蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.05);2组治疗后比较,观察组Ki67、Bcl-2蛋白表达低于对照组(P<0.05),Bax蛋白表达高于对照组(P<0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,2组治疗后中医症状评分(神疲乏力、胃纳少馨、腰膝无力、夜尿频多、头晕目眩)、生活质量评分(躯体功能、认知功能、社会功能、情绪功能)明显改善(P<0.05);2组治疗后比较,观察组上述评分改善明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组PFS明显长于对照组(P<0.05),不良反应明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论养正消积胶囊辅助GP方案治疗晚期NSCLC可有效降低患者肿瘤标志物水平,改善生存质量,减少吉西他滨和顺铂的不良反应,提高疗效。福建省卫生厅中医药科研专项课题(wst201210

三信道全光纤梳状滤波器输出光谱分析

对于同样信道数的波分复用,采用三信道器件比用两信道器件更为简单。文章对一种能够实现三信道平坦输出的全光纤梳状滤波器的新结构进行了分析,推导了新结构的能量传输表达式,详细讨论了耦合器分光比的改变对滤波特性的影响。结果表明,当组成新结构的光纤干涉臂间的长度差和耦合器分光比取某些定值时,可形成一个复用间隔相等、通带平坦的三信道全光纤梳状滤波器,且波分复用的信道间隔仅仅取决于干涉臂长差的大小