α-纤维素中空纤维致密膜组件吸收CO_2传质过程的研究

采用α-纤维素中空纤维致密膜研究了从N2-CO2混合气中吸收CO2的传质过程，考察了吸收剂种类（一乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺）以及吸收剂的浓度和流量、气体流量、气体压力等因素对CO2吸收过程的影响。实验结果表明，3种吸收剂中一乙醇胺的吸收效果最好；当一乙醇胺的浓度为3．5mol／L、流量为10L／h、气体流量为8．9×10^6 mol/s、气体压力为0．2 MPa、气体走壳程、逆流操作时，总传质通量和总传质系数分别达到最大值8．7×10^-5 mol／（m^2·s）和1．1×10^6 mol／（m^2·s·kPa）。吸收剂流量对CO2吸收过程没有明显的影响

中空纤维致密膜基吸收CO_2传质机理分析

研究了硅橡胶/聚砜中空纤维致密膜基吸收CO2的传质机理,考察了吸收剂种类（NaOH、MEA、DEA、TEA）、NaOH浓度、吸收剂流速、吸收剂压力和气相压力对CO2传质系数的影响,并采用数学模型对实验结果进行了分析。其中,用2×10^3mol·m·3NaOH溶液作吸收剂时,聚合物膜传质为控制步骤,总传质系数与CO2在膜中的传质系数相近,且实验过程中无漏液、鼓泡等现象发生

中空纤维致密膜基吸收CO_2传质机理分析

研究了硅橡胶/聚砜中空纤维致密膜基吸收CO2的传质机理,考察了吸收剂种类（NaOH、MEA、DEA、TEA）、NaOH浓度、吸收剂流速、吸收剂压力和气相压力对CO2传质系数的影响,并采用数学模型对实验结果进行了分析。其中,用2×10^3mol·m·3NaOH溶液作吸收剂时,聚合物膜传质为控制步骤,总传质系数与CO2在膜中的传质系数相近,且实验过程中无漏液、鼓泡等现象发生

聚四氟乙烯中空纤维多孔膜及其制备和在膜接触器中应用

本发明涉及一种聚四氟乙烯中空纤维多孔膜的制备方法及其在膜接触器中的应用。所述方法基于二氧化硅前驱体在聚四氟乙烯纺丝液中反应原位生成二氧化硅纳米粒子，并采用硅烷偶联剂使其均匀分散，进而作为中空纤维膜成膜过程中的致孔剂。所纺膜丝经适当干燥、烧结、拉伸、萃洗等处理后可制得具有一定微孔结构的疏水性聚四氟乙烯中空纤维膜。本发明聚四氟乙烯中空纤维多孔膜在膜接触器领域有很好的应用前景

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials