2010_2016年国际极地研究综合评价分析

极地在气候系统、全球资源和战略中具有重要意义，并且随着人类对它的开发，极地研究也日益成为地球与环境科学领域的核心和热点议题。基于Web of Science 数据库收录的2010 － 2016 年SCI文章，利用文献计量方法，结合国际政策和战略，分析了2010 － 2016 年极地研究的发展格局和变化趋势。结果表明: ( 1) 近年来国际极地研究论文年发文量总体呈持续增长态势，年均增幅为3． 6%。( 2)发达国家及高纬度国家是极地领域的主要研究力量，美国占据绝对优势。( 3) 在SCI 发表的国际极地研究论文来源期刊共计915 种，来自57 个国家，美国期刊占1 /3。( 4) 结合欧盟极地研究优先领域和文献计量方法得出，极地研究未来新的发展方向侧重于人文及社会因素，重点提倡人类对极地的影响以及新技术应用。建议我国科研人员密切关注国际极地研究的发展态势和进展，鼓励海洋学、气象学、地质学、环境生态学、生物学、社会学和政治学等领域专家有计划地开展极地研究，为我国赢取极地研究国际发言权和参与度。</p

Study on preparation and in vitro release behavior of hydroxycamptothecin-loaded PLA microspheres

目的:研究载羟基喜树碱的聚乳酸微球的制备方法并考察其体外释药性质。方法:以PlA为成膜材料,采用改良乳化-溶剂挥发法,制备载羟基喜树碱的聚乳酸微球并优化制备工艺;对载药微球进行表征;超声介导下进行载药微球的体外释药试验。结果:微球粒径在1~7μM,大小均一;羟基喜树碱浓度在10Mg.Ml-1下,载药微球包封率为62.2%,载药量为1.69%;药物体外释药符合HIguCHI方程。结论:采用乳化-溶剂挥发法,以PlA为成膜材料可制得具有较高包封率的羟基喜树碱微球,有望实现降低羟基喜树碱给药量、减少不良反应,提高靶向性的目标。Objective:To prepare hydroxycamptothecin(HCPT)-loaded PLA microspheres and study the release of HCPT in vitro.Methods:To optimize the preparation process,the HCPT-loaded PLA microspheres were prepared by using an improved solvent evaporation method;drug-loaded microspheres was characterized;in vitro drug release experiments were carried out under ultrasound.Results:The sizes of drug loaded PLA microspheres were homogeneous and between 1--7 μm;the concentration of HCPT was 10 mg·mL-1,the drug encapsulation efficiency was 62.2%,and the drug-loading amounts was 1.69%;the release in vitro complied with Higuchi equation.Conclusion:The improved solvent evaporation method with PLA as the film-forming material can increase the encapsulation efficiency of HCPT-loaded microspheres,thus the reduction of dosage and improvement of toxic effects of HCPT would be expected.Targeting effect may be improved.福建省卫生厅青年科研项目(2009-2-79

Pharmacokinetics of Dual Conjugated Chitosan-mitomycin C Nanoparticles in Rats

目的研究双修饰壳聚糖载丝裂霉素C纳米粒在大鼠体内的药动学特征。方法 2组大鼠分别静脉注射4 Mg·kg·1丝裂霉素C纳米粒和丝裂霉素C注射剂后,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPlC-MS)测定给药后不同时间点血浆中丝裂霉素C的浓度,计算主要药动学参数。结果丝裂霉素C的线性范围20~1 000μg·l·1,最低定量限为20μg·l·1,提取回收率均>95%,日内、日间精密度rSd均<15%。双修饰壳聚糖载丝裂霉素C纳米粒和丝裂霉素C注射剂T1/2分别为(2.64±0.11)H、(0.49±0.049)H;AuC0-∞分别为(2.01±0.11)Mg·H·1·l·1、(0.93±0.075)Mg·H·1·l·1;Vz分别为(1.52±0.18)l、(0.63±0.065)l;Cl分别为(6.95±0.70)Ml·MIn·1、(15.47±1.89)Ml·MIn·1,2者均有显著性差异。结论该方法灵敏、准确、专一,适用于丝裂霉素C的药动学研究。与丝裂霉素C注射剂相比,双修饰壳聚糖载丝裂霉素C纳米粒具有缓释和长循环的作用。OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics of dual conjugated chitosan-mitomycin C nanoparticles(CS-MMC-NPs) in rats.METHODS The two groups of rats were injected with CS-MMC-NPs and MMC injection at the dose of 4 mg·kg·1.The concentrations of MMC in plasma at different time were determined by HPLC-MS and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.RESULTS The calibration curves were linear over the range of 20·1 000 μg·L·1.The limit of quantitation was 20 μg·L·1.The within day and day to day relative standard deviation(RSD) was <15%.The main pharmacokinetic parameters of CS-MMC-NPs and MMC injection were as follows: t1/2 were(2.64±0.11)h and(0.49±0.049)h, AUC0- ∞ were(2.01±0.11)mg·h·1·L·1 and(0.93±0.075)mg·h·1·L·1, Vz were(1.52±0.18)L and(0.63±0.065)L, CL were(6.95±0.70)mL·min·1 and(15.47±1.89)mL·min·1.The differences of parameters were significant between two preparations.CONCLUSION The method is sensitive, accurate, specific for the pharmacokinetic study of CS-MMC-NPs.Compared with MMC injection, CS-MMC-NPs has a controlled releasing rate, a high level of blood concentrations and a long blood circulation time, which benefits the control of acute toxicity of MMC for the rats.厦门市科学技术计划项目资助项目(3502Z20114007

Preparation and Characterization of Folic Acid and PEG Conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles

目的利用离子交联和化学交联相结合的方法制备壳聚糖纳米粒子(nPS),并对nPS分别进行了叶酸(fA)和聚乙二醇(PEg)的修饰。方法通过红外光谱进行结构验证;用扫描电镜和粒度分析仪对粒子的微观形态、粒径、电位等进行了表征;通过与HElA细胞摄取实验对其靶向作用进行验证。结果离子交联和化学交联相结合的方法制备壳聚糖纳米粒子粒径在200 nM左右并且粒径分布窄,修饰后的nPS(fA-nPS、PEg-nPS及fA+PEg-nPS)粒径不受功能基团修饰的影响。激光共聚焦试验证明fA-nPS及fA+PEg-nPS能显著提高细胞对粒子的摄取,而PEg-nPS则明显降低其对粒子的摄取。结论 fA+PEg-nPS有望成为一种新型的药物载体,用于抗癌药物对癌细胞的主动靶向。OBJECTIVE An ionic gelation combined with chemical crosslinking method was developed to prepare chitosan nanoparticles,followed by conjugation with folate(FA) and polyethylene glycol(PEG).METHODS The structures were verified by infrared spectroscopy.The morphology,diameter and Zeta electric potential of the nanoparticles were assayed by environmental scanning electron microscope and scattering particle analyzer.The specificity of the FA+PEG-NPs targeting cancer cells was demonstrated by human adenocarcinoma Hela cells.RESULTS The chitosan NPs presented a narrow size distribution with an average diameter about 200 nm regardless of the type of functional group.Laser confocal scanning imaging proved that both FA+PEG-NPs and FA-NPs could greatly enhance uptake by Hela cells.However,the PEG-NPs showed contrary results.CONCLUSION FA+PEG-NPs can be applied as a new vehicle to actively deliver anticancer drugs to tumor cells.厦门市科学技术计划资助项目(3502Z20114007

临床药师参与112例患者抗菌药物临床应用干预分析

目的探讨临床药师在参与抗菌药物临床应用中的作用。方法对112例药师参与抗菌药物临床应用干预情况进行总结分析。结果临床药师干预围手术期抗菌药物应用采纳率最高,为83.3%,但因未能事前干预,作用不大;根据病原学检查和药敏试验干预用药采纳率为62.5%,其最能取得明显的效果。结论临床药师在抗菌药物合理应用方面起到一些作用,但其深度与广度还不够,需要进一步改善工作方法

Comparison of the Efficacy of Two Glycyrrhizin in Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B

目的:比较异甘草酸镁注射液与复方甘草酸苷注射液治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床疗效和安全性。方法:62例慢性乙型肝炎患者随机分为两组,观察组32例给予异甘草酸镁注射液150 Mg加入5%~10%葡萄糖注射液250 Ml中,IVd Qd;对照组给予复方甘草酸苷注射液120 Mg加入5%~10%葡萄糖注射液250 Ml中,IVd Qd。疗程均为4周。观察两组症状、体征、肝功能等指标的变化及药品不良反应。结果:治疗后两组患者的症状、体征、肝功能指标均有明显改善,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组与对照组有效率分别为90.63%、83.33%,差异同样无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组均未见严重不良反应。结论:异甘草酸镁注射液治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效确切,安全性好,与复方甘草酸苷注射液临床疗效差异不明显。bjective:To compare the clinical efficacy and security of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate injection and compound glycyrrhizin injection in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods:62 cases of chronic hepatitis B were randomly divided into the observation group and the controlled group,the 32 cases with chronic hepatitis B were treated with 150mg magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate injection and the 30 cases were treated with 120mg compound glycyrrhizin injection once daily for 4 weeks.Symptoms,signs,hepatic function tests and adverse drug reactions were observed.Results: In the two groups,their symptoms,signs,liver function indices were obviously improved and the effective rates of the observation group and the controlled group were 90.63%and 83.33%respectively.There was no significant difference between the two groups(P >0.05).There was no serious adverse reaction in them.Conclusion:Themagnesium isoglycyrrhizinate injection was obviously effective and safe for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.The result showed that magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate injection and compound glycyrrhizin injection were not significant

Bénard-Marangoni对流温度振荡转捩实验研究

主要通过实验观测Benard-Marangoni对流中存在的温度振荡现象,研究了温度振荡的起振临界Ma数,以及初步探讨了温度振荡随Ma数增加的转捩过程.实验结果表明不同物性参数的硅油温度振荡临界Ma数满足同一临界条件.不同的物性参数的介质表现出不同的温度振荡转捩过程,但同一物性参数不同厚度的介质表现相同的振荡规律.此外,还用粒子迹线法观察了流场结构及转捩过程

Effect of Enclosing on Community Structure of Subalpine Meadow in Northwestern Sichuan, China

围栏禁牧4a后,与放牧草地相比较:1)围栏草地物种数量有所下降,群落内出现物种27种,而长期放牧草地为33种.2)围栏草地物种平均高度较高,为20.23cm,群落分层现象明显;放牧草地物种平均高度仅为8.14cm,群落无分层现象.3)围栏草地内,杂草类的盖度(98%)大于禾草类的盖度(14%);放牧草地上,杂草类的盖度(53%)小于禾草类的盖度(56%)。4)围栏草地以禾草为主的优良牧草的生产能力(35.24g/m2)低于放牧草地的生产能力(75.47g/m2).5)围栏草地的地上生物量(272.64g/m2)和地下0～30cm生物量(801.61g/m3)都高于放牧草地的地上生物量(184.84g/m2)和地下0～30cm生物量(683.82g/m3).研究结果表明,围栏草地具有比放牧草地更复杂的群落结构,但其物种组成和优良牧草的生产能力,都低于放牧草地

Synthesis of Poly(Lactic Acid-co-Glycolic Acid) by Direct Melt Polycondensation Without Catalysts

以乳酸(lA)、乙醇酸(gA)为原料,在无催化剂、高真空条件下直接熔融缩聚合成聚乳酸-乙醇酸(PlgA)无规共聚物,对产物进行了gPC、fTIr1、H-nMr表征,并研究了反应时间、聚合温度、lA/gA投料比对PlgA分子质量的影响.结果表明:在所研究的聚合温度范围内,PlgA分子质量随聚合时间的延长先增大后减小;聚合温度越高,PlgA所能达到的最高分子质量越小,最佳聚合温度范围为160--170℃,最佳反应时间范围为57--69 H;在相同反应条件下,lA/gA投料比越小,PlgA分子质量越大.该研究为PlgA的合成提供一种安全、经济、有效的新途径.Poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) was synthesized with lactic acid and glycolic acid by direct melt polycondensation without catalysts.The products were characterized by GPC,FTIR,1H-NMR.In this work,the effects of reaction time,polymerization temperature(Tp) and LA/GA feed ratio on molecular weight were investigated.Results indicated that in the range of Tp we discussed,molecular weight gradually increased and then decreased as the reaction time increased;the maximal molecular weight of PLGA decreased while Tp increased;the optimal ranges of Tp and reaction time were 160--170 ℃ and 57--69 h respectively;under the same reaction conditions,the molecular weight of PLGA increased while the LA/GA feed ratio decreased.The objective of this study is to develop an economical,safe and effective method for the synthesis of PLGA

基于改进粒子群算法的四足机器人机体尺寸及质心位置优化

以四足机器人为研究对象，提出了一种通过改进粒子群算法来优化机体尺寸和质心位置，从而提高其稳定性的方法。为建立优化性能评价指标和设计变量，建立机体动力学模型，分析了不同质心位置对于其稳定性的影响；将机体最大翻转角最小作为性能评价指标，机体尺寸和质心位置作为优化设计变量，通过改进的粒子群算法和理想点法进行优化，最终得到一组最优机体尺寸和质心位置。结果表明，优化前，四足机器人机体在左右两侧进行加减速翻转，其最大翻转角为10.10°；优化后，机体最大翻转角为4.34°，较优化前下降5.76°，且保持在同一侧的较小范围内稳定波动。四足机器人试验样机运动平稳，验证了该优化方法的有效性，为四足类机器人的稳定性研究提供了一定的理论参考