Study on coastal ecological safety assessment mode and case studies

安全是一个古老而新兴的概念，生态安全是安全概念的演变结果之一，与生态风险、生态健康、生态脆弱性、可持续发展有着密切的联系。海岸带是陆地和海洋系统的交界地带，是地球上水圈、岩石圈、大气圈和生物圈相互作用最频繁、最活跃的地带。伴随着我国经济社会的发展，海岸带地区人类社会与生态环境之间的矛盾日益凸现，海岸带生态安全是实现海岸带可持续发展的重要手段，也是追求海岸带人与自然和谐相处的保障。作为典型的生态脆弱带和人为活动密集区，海岸带生态安全问题亟待解决，但目前对于海岸带生态安全的相关研究很少，且较为分散，尤其缺乏将人类经济社会发展与自然生态环境保护综合考虑的生态安全评价模式。本文尝试构建海岸带生态安全评...Safety is both an old and a new concept. Ecological safety is one of the results of the evolution of the safety concept and has close links to the ecological risk, ecological health, ecological fragility and sustainable development. Coastal areas are the connecting areas between land and marine systems, where the interactions among the hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere and biosphere are most fr...学位：理学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学与工程系_环境科学学号：B20043401

Study of Chinese Marine Protected Areas Management Mode

海岸带是人类活动最为集中的区域,沿海化的工程建设占据了大量的天然岸线,不合理的开发产生了资源、环境和社会经济发展的诸多矛盾,因此划定一定区域建立海洋保护区具有重要的现实意义。通过对中国海洋自然保护区及海洋特别保护区两个方面的探讨,指出中国海洋保护区建设管理中存在的问题,并针对美国MPAs体系模式进行论述,指出其管理模式上同中国海洋保护区之间的差异及其自身优势,并加以借鉴,力求通过对中国海洋保护区现有管理模式的转变,解决其存在的问题。Coastal zone is an area of intensive human activities.Littoralisation constructions take up a long coastal line and the irrational development results the conflicts between ecological environment and socio-economy.It is of practical significance to protect some areas as marine Protection Area.This paper discusses the problems of construction and management status of marine protection areas in China from two sides of marine natural reserves and marine special reserves.Introducing the marine protection areas of U.S.Comparing marine protection areas of China with U.S.MPAs and noting the difference between of them and advantages of U.S.MPAs and learning from it.Furthermore,the paper give some suggestions to resolve the problems existing in China's marine protection areas through changing the current management modes of marine protection areas in China

Safety stress analysis on coastal ecosystem:A study case in Xiamen

以厦门海域为研究对象,调查总结出厦门海域生态所面临的7项自然生态安全压力和10项人为生态安全压力。在对所有生态安全压力的危害强度、范围和频次进行对比赋值的基础上,使用模型:生态安全压力值(S)=危害强度(I).危害范围(E).危害频次(F),和海域承受压力状态(SS)=承受生态安全压力值(Si).承受比重(wi),对各项生态安全压力的大小及厦门6个主要海域承受的生态安全压力大小进行评价。研究结果发现:厦门海岸带总体面临较为严重的生态压力,其中西海域和同安湾最为严重;生态安全压力主要来自海岸带工程建设和围垦造地,九龙江河口输入,台风、风暴潮。Focusing on the coastal ecosystem of Xiamen: 7 natural eco-safety stressors(ESSs) and the 10 men-made ESSs effecting Xiamen coastal system and evaluate,all of the 16 ESSs from the intensity,extension,frequency were collected and studied.The magnitude of all of the ESPs and the situation of Xiamen's four main sea areas were computed under the ESPs with a quantitatively analysis model: stress(S) =Intensity(I)·Extension(E)·Frequency(F) and the model: the stress state(SS) = the Pressure threatening the sea area(S_i),enduring proportion(w_i),respectively.Based on the results above,it was found: ESS in Xiamen coast were relatively severe,especially in Western Sea and Tong'an Bay.The eco-safety stress of Xiamen coast are mainly from the coastal construction and reclamation,Jiulong River,the typhoon and storm tide.国家自然科学基金项目(40371049);; 福建省自然科学基金项目(D031002

Assessment on response of coastal ecological security and analysis of a case

针对我国海岸带“社会-经济-自然“复合生态系统,引用“驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应力“分析模型,将生态安全中的驱动力、压力、状态和影响归为生态安全问题因素,作为响应力的作用对象。通过探讨响应力与生态安全问题因素的作用机制,建立定量评估体系分析海岸带生态安全响应力反馈效果、反馈效率和反馈充分性,并对厦门进行案例分析,希望能够对提升我国沿海城市的生态安全保障能力做出贡献。The response of ecological security is the positive feedback of human to the ecological environmental problems.It is the force to maintain the ecosystem sustainable health,solve,mitigate or prevent the ecological security stress.Focus on the coastal social-economic-natural complex ecosystem in China,using "driving force-pressure-state-impact-response(DPSIR)" model,the driving force,pressure,state and the impact were considered as ecological security problem factors(ESPFs) and the action targets of ecological security responses(ESRs).By exploring the action mechanism between ESPFs and ESRs,a quantitative assessment method for coastal ESR's feedback effect,efficiency,and sufficiency was developed.Then,a case study in Xiamen was carried out.The study will promote the coastal city's capability of protecting the coastal ecological security.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40701059);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-422-1);中国科学院青年人才领域前沿项目(07l4081d10

Methods for developing a net shape ecological indicator system and assigning rational weights to the indicators

生态指标体系是广泛应用于监测、评估和管理生态系统的一种有效方法和工具。针对不同目的在使用生态指标体系时,构建完整的指标体系结构并合理确定操作指标的权重,是有效利用生态指标体系进行综合评价的2个关键问题。指出目前常用的“树杈状”生态指标体系中存在的不足,提出在保持“树杈状”生态指标体系原有指标和层次结构的基础上,通过弥补指标间的重叠和交叉联系,构建“网状”生态指标体系,体现生态系统的层次性和完整性。同时提出利用权重2次分配法对规则和不规则“网状”生态指标体系中的指标进行权重分配。通过构建生态健康评价指标体系的案例研究,对比“树杈状”和“网状”生态指标体系在结构和指标权重分配上的不同。还针对构建和实际应用“网状”生态指标体系时的2个问题进行了讨论。The complexity of an ecosystem is only seen in parts and its interrelationships are never well understood. Ecological indicators are able to represent, integrate and characterize information embodied in comprehensive data sets when direct measurements cannot be realized. Ecological indicator system (EIS) is normally made up of a number of ecological indicators with certain structure to represent the most important features of the environmental state, the complex ensembles of ecosystem elements and the multiple webs of actions, reactions and interactions. As an effective tool or approach, the ecological indicator system (EIS) is widely used in ecosystem monitoring, assessment and management. While there are many different forms of EIS based on the different purposes for EIS uses, they are all concerned with the following two key steps: structure of the integrated EIS frame and the assignment of rational weights to the ecological indicators. The frame of the EIS should integrally reflect not only the ecological hierarchy, but also the relationships among the complex ensembles of the investigated ecosystem. The status or the importance of an indicator in the EIS will be represented by its weight, which, to some extent, will be determined by the frame of an EIS. This paper reviewed the branch shape ecological indicator system (BEIS) which is in common use at present, and point out its deficiency: (1) the overlapping or intersecting connections of the indicators are often overlooked or simplified. (2) Incorrect weights are assigned to the indicators because of disintegrated representation of the ecosystem complexity. Secondly, a net shape ecological indicator system (NEIS) was presented, including regular NEIS and irregular NEIS. It is developed by adding the overlapping and intersecting relation of the ecological indicators to the BEIS hierarchy frame and thus will better represent the integration and hierarchy of ecosystem. Then a twice assigning weight method (TAW) was demonstrated in both regular NEIS and irregular NEIS. This was used to resolve the problem of assigning the rational weights to NEIS indicators. For further study and comparison of BEIS and NEIS, two indicator systems for ecosystem health assessment were derived from hierarchical ecosystem indicators respectively, using the frames of BEIS and NEIS. The weights of the indicators in BEIS were determined by the AHP and those in NEIS were determined by TAW. It was easy to see the changes of the weights of the indicators in between the BEIS and NEIS. The indicators′ weights in NEIS have a significant trend to the average compared with those in BEIS. Two problems about the NEIS design and application were discussed.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40371049);; 福建省自然科学基金资助项目(D031002)~

Primary study on assessing the response to coastal ecological safety

引用"驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应力"分析模型(driving-pressure-state-impac-response,DPSIR),具体分析了海岸带生态系统安全问题中"驱动力"、"压力"、"状态"、"影响"和"响应力"及其5者之间的相互关系,总结出人类社会对海岸带生态安全"响应力"的5个主要途径:法律法规与政策、管理体制与机制、基础建设与措施、科技支撑与投入、公众意识与参与。最后根据响应力对生态安全问题产生过程(驱动力、压力、状态、影响)的反馈机制,通过模糊数学评价原理构建出评估海岸带生态安全响应力的方法体系。The coastal ecosystem represents one of the typical ecotone,where the human activities are dense and frequent and ecological safety problems emerged gradually.The response to coastal ecological safety is the positive feedback of human society to the ecological safety problems.It is the force to keep the coastal ecosystem sustainable health and to solve,mitigate or prevent the ecological safety stress.This paper,the driving-pressure-state-impact-response(DPSIR) analysis model was introduced and to study the relationship among Response,Driving,Pressure,State and Impact.Subsequently,the human response was classified into 5 categories,which are policy and legislation,management institution and mechanism,infrastructure and project,science and technology support,public consciousness and participation.Finally,a primary evaluation method on response to coastal ecological safety was build up by using the fuzzy mathematic assessment principles,base on the relationship between response and other four ecological safety factors.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40371049);; 福建省自然科学基金(D031002

Study on landscape pattern changes in islands under stress of rapid urbanization

以厦门岛为例,通过一般景观格局分析指标和特殊景观格局分析指标,研究城市化进程中海岛生态景观格局的变化以及人工景观对自然景观的胁迫作用。结果显示:从1987年至2004年,人工景观对自然景观的胁迫作用迅速增加;厦门岛建成区占海岛面积的比例迅速增长,而斑块数量明显减少;厦门岛景观多样性迅速下降,同时破碎度指数和优势度迅速提高;受到海岸带开发活动影响,海岛岸线趋向平滑,海岛形状逐步趋向圆形;厦门岛人工景观对自然景观的胁迫程度逐步升高,城市化侵蚀指数也快速提高。Several common and special landscape indices were used to analyze the landscape pattern changes of Xiamen islands and the stress of artificial landscape to the natural landscapes during urbanization process.The results showed that the landscape pattern of Xiamen islands was altered observably and the stress of the artificial landscape to natural landscape were increased rapidly.The ratio of urban land area to the total islands area was increased and the number of the patches was decreased.The landscape diversity was decreased,meanwhile the landscape fragmentation and dominance were increased respectively.Because of the coastal reclamation,the island's coastal line tended to be simple and smooth,and the shape closed to a circle.The stress of the urban land to natural landscapes was aggravated with the urbanization invasion index increase.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40701059);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-422-1);青年人才领域前沿项目(07l4081d10

Human-induced disturbance on the understory plant diversity of urban forest:a case study of Xiamen

以厦门城市森林林下层植被为研究对象,重点研究台湾相思群落中林下灌草层植物多样性与土地利用类型、人为干扰程度之间的相关性;选用基于重要值的4种多样性指数,比较不同邻接用地类型城市森林群落多样性的差异;运用主成分分析、CCA排序以及多元回归等方法对城市森林灌草层植物多样性格局进行解释。结果表明:人为踩踏、垃圾堆积程度、人为挖掘、可到达容易程度等因子对厦门城市森林灌草层植物多样性分布格局有重要影响;厦门城市森林群落草本层β多样性沿着邻接商业用地、交通用地、工业用地、居住用地的方向逐渐增加,而灌木层β多样性沿着该环境梯度的方向却逐渐降低。This study is aimed at understanding anthropogenic impact on the understory plant diversity around the municipal area of Xiamen in Fujian Province,SE China.Four indexes were employed to differentiate the diversity of urban forests adjacent to different land use types.Principle Component Analysis(PCA)and Canonical Correspondence Analusis(CCA)methods were applied in our study.The results showed that human trample,dustheap,digging,accessibility and other factors have great influence on the understory plant diversity.Herb β diversity of urban forest increased along the land use gradient from commercial,transportation,industrial to residential,while shrub β diversity decreased gradually along this environment gradient.中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目(KZCX2-YW-422);厦门市科技计划资助项目(3502Z20072002);中国科学院知识创新工程青年人才领域前沿资助项

面向城市可持续发展的自然解决途径(NBSs)研究进展

自然解决途径(NBSs)是近几年生态学应用研究的热点,其理念是综合考虑经济、环境和社会效益,引入自然生态系统服务功能用来修复、恢复甚至提升城市生态基础设施水平,进而解决城市面临的可持续发展挑战。自然解决途径的提出为生态设计注入了新鲜的血液,提供了新的视野和技术方法。基于VOSviewer文献计量分析软件对城市自然解决途径研究的热点关键词、主要研究国家、机构以及全球分布进行了综合分析。结果发现:(1)2015年至2018年有关城市NBSs的研究论文逐渐增多,覆盖6大洲(欧洲、北美洲、亚洲、南美洲、大洋洲、非洲),多数案例是对已有实施工程中采用的可以归纳为自然解决途径的某些方法或者经验的总结凝练;(2)与城市NBSs相关研究热点从高到低主要涉及生态系统服务、绿色基础设施、气候变化、人群健康与福祉;(3)城市自然解决途径研究的主要力量主要聚集在欧洲,目前中国对于NBSs研究仍处于初期起步阶段。将有助于促进自然解决途径研究及实践在中国的发展,同时为城市生态设计和可持续发展提供新视野和新技术。国家自然科学基金项目(41771573)国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0502702

Ecological safety assessment of egrets in Xiamen National Nature Reserve

[摘要]：白鹭的生态安全是指白鹭所处的生态系统能够维持白鹭种群持续生存的需求和条件, 其中关键是白鹭生境的安全。白鹭 生境安全从根本上取决于生境的适宜性和人为对生境的干扰程度, 又可以理解为生境受到人类干扰后所能保持的生态适宜性。 分别选择白鹭在厦门的2 个主要繁殖栖息生境 大屿岛和鸡屿岛和10 个代表性觅食生境为研究对象, 对白鹭生境的生态适 宜性和人为干扰程度进行分别评价。其中, 生境适宜性评价采用指标体系法, 通过赋值、计算进行评价; 人为干扰程度评价主要 依靠地理信息系统分析方法, 将人为干扰程度用不同土地利用形式代表, 利用Mapinfo70 和ArcView32a 地理信息分析软件对 白鹭生境的人为干扰程度进行计算评价。最后, 结合生境适宜性评价和人为干扰程度评价结果, 对厦门自然保护区白鹭的生态 安全进行综合评价。评价结果显示: 鸡屿岛和大屿岛作为白鹭在厦门的繁殖栖息地的生态安全程度均处于安全等级, 鸡屿岛的 生态安全程度高于大屿岛。厦门白鹭的觅食生境总体来看处于较安全等级, 但没有一处觅食地是属于安全等级。国家自然科学基金资助项目( 40371049) ; 福建省自然科学基金资助项目( D031002) ; 厦门市环保局资助项