氢燃料电池发展的现状与挑战

本条目为“厦门大学美洲校友会校庆百年论坛”的演示文稿。叶思宇教授是厦门大学1978级化学系校友，1988年获电化学专业博士学位，毕业后赴德国杜伊斯堡大学和加拿大魁北克大学从事博士后研究工作，2000年受邀加入加拿大巴拉德动力系统公司。因在抗反极催化剂研发和其他领域的杰出贡献，2002年被破格提拔为巴拉德公司首席科学家。2018年当选加拿大国家工程院院士，在电化学尤其是燃料电池领域具有30余年研发和产业化经验，是国际公认的燃料电池电催化和膜电极首屈一指的领军人物，为现代燃料电池的发展做出了杰出贡献。内容摘要：背景；氢能和燃料电池简介；氢能和燃料电池技术发展现状；氢能和燃料电池大规模产业化的挑战及技术发展前景；小结

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内容提要化学修饰电极和导电高分子的研究是目前电化学研究中相当活跃的新领域。本论文在这两个领域进行了探索性的工作。全文共分三个部分。第一部分导电聚吡咯膜中对离子脱嵌--嵌入过程的电化学本部分用循环伏安法（特别是慢扫描速度下）、交流阻抗技术和Raman光谱对聚吡咯（PPy）膜中对离子的脱嵌--嵌入过程的电化学进行系统研究，结呆表明：PPy膜中对离子的脱嵌--嵌入速度远低于对离子的液相传质速度。电极电位对ppy膜中对离于的脱嵌--嵌入过程的交流阻抗行为和Raman光谱有显著影响，氧化态和还原态的ppy似乎对应于不同类型的结构（醌型和芳香型）、推侧出对离子在PPy中的大致位置。PPy中的对离子可能有两...NO学位：理学博士院系专业：化学化工学院化学系_物理化学(含化学物理)学号：LUNWEN00

Impact of Nafion Loading and Anion Adsorption on the Synthesis of Pt Monolayer Core-shell Catalysts

本实验利用铜的欠电位沉积技术，在旋转圆盘电极上以碳负载的钯纳米颗粒为核，制备铂单原子层核壳结构催化剂. 电化学测试用于表征不同Nafion含量的添加对于核壳结构催化剂制备的影响. 实验证明，Nafion的存在会影响铜的欠电位沉积，铂与铜的置换反应，并决定最终制备的核壳结构催化剂的氧还原催化反应的活性. 当催化剂薄层中Nafion的含量低于5%的时候，添加Nafion不但可以帮助催化剂附着在旋转圆盘电极表面，而且可以保证制备的催化剂具有较好的氧还原反应催化活性. 在H2SO4溶液中，钯纳米颗粒的表面存在特殊的阴离子吸/脱附电化学信号峰，这些信号峰可以用来监测Nafion含量对于铂单原子层核壳结构催化剂制备的影响.Carbon supported palladium (Pd) nanoparticles were used as a model core material for the synthesis of platinum (Pt) monolayer core-shell catalysts using rotating disk electrode method and a copper (Cu) under potential deposition technique. The impact of Nafion on the synthesis process was revealed by electrochemical testing with various Nafion contents. The existence of Nafion influenced the Cu under potential deposition, galvanic replacement and eventually the oxygen reduction reaction activity of the core-shell catalyst. However, as long as the Nafion content was less than 5 wt% in the test film, adding Nafion could help to bind catalyst onto the surface of electrode while maintaining promising catalytic activity. Unique anion adsorption/desorption peaks were observed on the surface of Pd in H2SO4 solution, which turned out to be a useful indicator to evaluate the impact of Nafion on the synthesis of the core-shell catalysts.Financial supports to Lijun Yang’s post-doctoral fellowship by MITACS Accelerate Program and Ballard Power Systems are greatly appreciated.Financial supports to Lijun Yang’s post-doctoral fellowship by MITACS Accelerate Program and Ballard Power Systems are greatly appreciated.作者联系地址：1. 巴拉德动力系统，9000 Glenlyon Parkway, Burnaby, 英属哥伦比亚省，加拿大，V5J 5J8; 2. 化学与生物工程学院，英属哥伦比亚大学，2360 East Mall，温哥华，英属哥伦比亚省，加拿大，V6T 1Z3Author's Address: 1. Ballard Power Systems, 9000 Glenlyon Parkway, Burnaby, BC, V5J 5J8 Canada; 2. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

塔里木河流域适应气候变化的水热调节技术研究

本成果来自于国家科技支撑计划项目“全球环境变化应对技术研究与示范”之06课题“典型脆弱区域气候变化适应技术示范”之04专题“西北生态脆弱区适应气候变化技术示范”(2007BAC03A06-04)。课题于2007年11月立项,于2010年11月30日通过国家科技部的验收。针对塔里木河流域气候变化影响关键科学问题,建立了山区水库—平原水库联合调节、绿洲地表水—地下水联合开发、膜下滴灌的作物立体种植模式、下游生态恢复与洪水(融雪水)沙漠造林生物固碳等大型原位可控的技术示范基地;构建了区域气候变化优势适应技术筛选与评估流程,集成了塔里木河流域气候变化适应技术行动实施方案与功能区划图,首次提出了塔里木河..

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies