Responses on rhizosphere effect of two subalpine coniferous species to night-time warming and nitrogen fertilization in western Sichuan, China

开展植物根际效应对全球变化响应的研究是深入认识根际微生态系统中植物根系与土壤微生物相互作用过程及机制的关键.以川西亚高山针叶林两种主要树种幼苗------云杉(Picea asperata)和岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)为研究材料,采用红外辐射模拟增温和外施NH4NO3氮肥的方法,研究了夜间增温和施肥对两种幼苗根际效应的影响.结果表明:红外辐射增温导致气温增加了1.62℃,土壤5 cm和10 cm层月均温度显著增加了2.89℃和3.10℃.增温和施肥处理对两种幼苗不同参数根际效应的影响各不相同,表现为不同程度的正根际效应,负根际效应或者无影响.增温使云杉幼苗根际与非根际土SMB-C含量均显著增加(分别为42.28%和31.02%),非根际土有机碳含量降低了7.03%;而增温对两种幼苗土壤肥力因素根际效应的影响总体并不显著,增温仅对云杉全氮有显著的负根际效应(79.43%),而岷江冷杉通过根际土全氮和SMB-N含量的增加,其根际效应大小在增温处理下显著增强.施肥处理和两因子的联合作用显著提高了两种幼苗的NO3--N,NH4+-N和云杉非根际土SMB-N含量,并使岷江冷杉NH 4+-N表现出正根际效应,而云杉SMB-N表现出明显的负根际效应(120.80%和253.06%).这种响应差异可能与不同植物种类地下碳分配及其植物根系所吸收的养分有关,从而赋予了不同植物种类在未来全球变化背景下可能具有不同的适应力和竞争优势,并进一步对亚高山针叶林地下过程及其早期更新产生潜在影

Advance in Research of Forest Carbon Cycling Under Climate Warming

由人类活动引起的温室效应以及由此造成的气候变暖对森林牛态系统的影响已引起人们的普遍关注.森林土壤碳循环作为全球碳循环的重要组成部分,是决定未来陆地牛物嘲表现为碳源/碳汇的关键环节,揭示这一作用对于准确理解全球变化背景下陆地生态系统碳循环过程具有重要的指导意义.本文主要通过论述影响土壤碳循环过程的5个方面(土壤呼吸、土壤微生物、土壤酶活性、凋落物输入与分解、土壤碳库),综述了近10 a来全球气候变暖对土壤碳循环过程的影响.近年来,尽管已开展了大量有关土壤碳循环对气候变暖的响应及反馈机制的研究,并取得了一定的成果,但研究结果仍然存在很大的不确定性.整合各种密切关联的全球变化现象,完善研究方法和实验手段,加强根际微生态系统碳循环过程与机理研究将是下一步研究的方向和重点.参7

Short-term effects of night warming and nitrogen addition on soil available nitrogen and microbial properties in subalpine coniferous forest, Western Sichuan, China

开展亚高山针叶林典型林地土壤有效氮和微生物特性对气候变化的响应研究,对预测未来气候变化背景下亚高山针叶林生态系统C,N的源/汇功能具有重要意义.该文采用红外辐射加热器模拟增温结合外施氮肥的方法,研究了川西亚高山针叶林下土壤化学特性,有效氮含量以及微生物生物量对夜间增温和施氮的短期响应.结果表明:在模拟增温试验期间(2009年4月-2010年4月),空气平均温度和5cm土壤平均温度分别比对照提高了1.93和4.19℃,增温幅度分别以夏季和冬季最为显著.增温对土壤pH值,有机碳,全氮和微生物生物量无显著影响.增温在试验前期降低了土壤NH4+-N含量,增加了NO3--N含量,其影响程度随着增温时间的延长而下降.施氮显著增加了有效氮和微生物生物量氮,降低了土壤pH值,使土壤表现出明显的酸化现象.与单独的增温和施氮处理相比,增温和施氮联合处理对林下土壤的有效氮和微生物特性有显著的交互作用,显著增加了土壤的有机碳,有效氮及土壤微生物生物量氮含量,并导致土壤进一步酸化.结果说明,川西亚高山针叶林的土壤有效氮和微生物特性对土壤氮素状况的变化反应敏感,而林下土壤有效氮和微生物特性对单独的温度升高表现出一定的适应性,但更对增温和施氮双因素结合处理反应敏感且表现出不同的响应方式.因此,该区域在未来全球变化下的氮沉降状况及气候变化的多因素协同效应值得长期深入的探

Short-term Effects of Night Warming and Nitrogen Addition on Soil Respiration of Subalpine Coniferous,Western Sichuan,China

开展土壤呼吸对全球气候变化的响应研究对预测全球碳循环具有重要作用.采用红外辐射加热器模拟增温结合外施氮肥的方法,研究川西亚高山针叶林两种主要树种幼苗——云杉(Picea asperata)和岷江冷杉(Abiesfaxoniana)土壤呼吸动态变化对增温和施肥的短期响应.结果表明:在试验处理期间(2008年9月～2009年7月),空气平均温度和5 cm土壤平均温度分别比对照提高了2.03℃和4.10℃.两种幼苗样地土壤呼吸速率在各处理下都表现出明显的季节和日动态.增温对两种幼苗土壤呼吸速率的影响总体表现为促进作用,而施肥处理则表现为抑制效应.但两种幼苗土壤呼吸对增温和施肥处理的响应又存在一定的差异,且与季节密切相关.增温使云杉幼苗土壤呼吸年通量在非施肥和施肥条件下分别增加了22.30%和8.82%,而使冷杉土壤呼吸速率年通量分别仅增加了4.85%和4.45%.两种幼苗在各处理下土壤呼吸速率与地下5 cm土壤温度之间具有显著的指数关系.增温和施肥处理均提高了两种幼苗土壤呼吸速率的Q10值,但云杉幼苗土壤呼吸对温度变化的响应比冷杉更为敏感.总之,不同树种土壤呼吸特征对全球气候变化的响应差异进一步增加了对该区森林碳源/汇功能预测的不确定和复杂性,其内在机理有待进一步深入研究. 更

Measurement of integrated luminosity of data collected at 3.773 GeV by BESIII from 2021 to 2024

We present a measurement of the integrated luminosity e+e- of collision data collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at a center-of-mass energy of Ecm = 3.773 GeV. The integrated luminosities of the datasets taken from December 2021 to June 2022, from November 2022 to June 2023, and from October 2023 to February 2024 were determined to be 4.995±0.019 fb-1, 8.157±0.031 fb-1, and 4.191±0.016 fb-1, respectively, by analyzing large angle Bhabha scattering events. The uncertainties are dominated by systematic effects, and the statistical uncertainties are negligible. Our results provide essential input for future analyses and precision measurements

Determination of the number of ψ(3686) events taken at BESIII

The number of ψ(3686) events collected by the BESIII detector during the 2021 run period is determined to be (2259.3±11.1)×106 by counting inclusive ψ(3686) hadronic events. The uncertainty is systematic and the statistical uncertainty is negligible. Meanwhile, the numbers of ψ(3686) events collected during the 2009 and 2012 run periods are updated to be (107.7±0.6)×106 and (345.4±2.6)×106, respectively. Both numbers are consistent with the previous measurements within one standard deviation. The total number of ψ(3686) events in the three data samples is (2712.4±14.3)×10^

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel