高血压及高血压合并糖尿病的患者血浆可溶性NRP-1与SOD浓度的变化

目的探讨高血压和高血压合并糖尿病患者血浆可溶性神经纤毛蛋白-1（NRP-1）的浓度与超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的变化。方法本横断面研究共纳入88人，分为对照组（n=26）、高血压组（n=31）和高血压合并糖尿病组（n=31）。人群血浆NRP-1的浓度和SOD活性应用酶联免疫吸附法测定，同时检测血糖、糖化血红蛋白A1C （GHbA1c）和血脂的变化情况。结果单纯高血压组血清总胆固醇（TC）和体质量指数（BMI）显著高于对照组（P<0.05），而高血压合并糖尿病组血清TC、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、甘油三酯（TG）、BMI和腰围（WC）均显著高于对照组 （P<0.05）。单纯高血压组和高血压合并糖尿病组血浆NRP-1的浓度和SOD活性均低于对照组［NRP-1（ng/mL）：6.8（6.0~8.3）、5.2（4.0~6.8）vs 8.9（7.7~10.0）；SOD（U/mL）：157.1±18.6、145.1±31.4 vs 168.4±23.1，P<0.05］，而高血压合并糖尿病组与单纯高血压组比较血浆NRP-1的浓度和SOD活性更低，且差异也有统计学意义［NRP-1（ng/mL）：5.2（4.0~6.8）vs 6.8（6.0~8.3）；SOD（U/mL）： 145.1±31.4 vs 157.1±18.6，P<0.05］。对3组研究人群分别进行线性相关性分析发现，NRP-1与SOD之间均呈显著正相关（r= 0.539，0.660，0.895， P<0.05）。结论单纯高血压和高血压合并糖尿病患者血浆NRP-1的浓度均降低，而且高血压合并糖尿病患者血浆NRP-1的浓度降低更明显，NRP-1的浓度下降可能与SOD活性的下降有关

人参皂苷Rb1通过抑制NF-κB p65介导的炎症和氧化应 激改善内皮细胞复制性衰老

【目的】本研究旨在探讨人参皂苷Rb1对内皮细胞复制性衰老的作用和机制。【方法】建立人原代脐 静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）复制性衰老模型，根据细胞形态的变化、衰老相关β-半乳糖苷酶（SA-β-Gal）染色阳性 率和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1（PAI-1）的表达水平评估HUVEC衰老；将复制性衰老模型细胞分为0、20、40、80、 100μmol/LRb1组，不同浓度人参皂苷Rb1处理衰老细胞48h后观察衰老指标SA-β-Gal染色和PAI-1蛋白变 化，每组3个复孔；采用Westernblot方法检测对照组（CPDL2的HUVEC）、模型组（衰老细胞组）及人参皂苷Rb1 组核因子κBp65（NF-κBp65）的活性，每组3个复孔；检测对照组、模型组及人参皂苷Rb1组细胞培养液中氧化 应激和炎症指标，每组3个复孔。【结果】累计细胞群体倍增值（CPDL）16的HUVEC可作为复制性衰老模型；与 0μmol/LRb1组相比，80μmol/LRb1组SA-β-Gal染色阳性细胞数和PAI-1蛋白表达均明显降低（P<0.001）；复 制性衰老细胞中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活力明显低于对照组（P<0.001），而丙二醛（MDA）、白细胞介素-6 （IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的含量及NF-κBp65的活性均明显高于对照组（P<0.001），80μmol/L人参皂 苷Rb1处理后SOD活力明显增加（P<0.05），MDA、IL-6、TNF-α的产量明显减少（P<0.05），NF-κBp65活性降 低（P<0.001）。【结论】人参皂苷Rb1可通过抑制NF-κBp65介导的氧化应激和炎症反应延缓复制性内皮细胞衰老

加速气候韧性基础设施建设

2021年8月，联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）发布的报告指出，全球升温1.5℃有可能在未来20年内实现，未来升温加速趋势明显，由此给地球生态系统带来的影响已不可逆转。各国必须加大温室气体的减排力度，以减缓升温加速趋势，同时亟须加大气候适应工作的投资力度，以增强气候韧性，降低气候风险损失。中国是受气候变化影响最为显著的国家之一，预计未来以干旱、洪涝和风暴潮为主的气候风险将不断加剧，极大地威胁人民生命财产及粮食安全。面对严峻形势，气候适应行动刻不容缓。然而，在气候变化适应工作涉及的诸多关键领域中，加强基础设施的气候韧性建设对规避气候风险造成的生命财产损失尤为重要。 为此，本报告系统地对气候风险以及相应气候韧性基础设施进行定义和分析，通过案例研究着重分析预测了宁夏、武汉和深圳三个地区未来面临的农业干旱、城市内涝和沿海风暴潮等典型气候风险，发现未来三十年间，三个地区面临的典型气候风险呈加剧趋势，需要加强相应基础设施的气候韧性建设。针对三个地区已经投入的气候韧性基础设施，本报告采用三重红利（规避未来损失、经济效益、社会环境效益）分析框架，系统地分析了农业节水灌溉设施、海绵城市和灰绿结合海堤的投资收益，发现每投资1元，未来30年共计可产生2～20元的收益 。同时，在全国范围内因地制宜地推广宁夏、武汉、深圳三个地区的气候韧性基础设施建设分别有助于在未来气候变化加速的情境下保障国家粮食安全，降低城市内涝风险，抵抗风暴潮对沿海地区的侵袭。 通过文献分析，本报告进一步指出中国气候韧性基建面临严重的资金供需不匹配问题，为提高中国基础设施的气候适应能力，未来五年内需要弥补近5000亿元的年均资金缺口，亟须通过大量资金投入和有效的融资手段来缓解气候韧性基建遇到的资金难题。结合国际经验，报告提出宁夏、武汉、深圳三个地区可以通过韧性债券、政府和社会资本合作、韧性影响力债券试点等方式拓宽融资渠道。 基于以上分析，报告最后总结了未来推动气候韧性基础设施建设面临的挑战，并针对各项挑战提出了相应的政策建议。</jats:p

Prediction of Energy Resolution in the JUNO Experiment

International audienceThis paper presents the energy resolution study in the JUNO experiment, incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase. The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an exceptional energy resolution better than 3% at 1 MeV. To achieve this ambitious goal, significant efforts have been undertaken in the design and production of the key components of the JUNO detector. Various factors affecting the detection of inverse beta decay signals have an impact on the energy resolution, extending beyond the statistical fluctuations of the detected number of photons, such as the properties of liquid scintillator, performance of photomultiplier tubes, and the energy reconstruction algorithm. To account for these effects, a full JUNO simulation and reconstruction approach is employed. This enables the modeling of all relevant effects and the evaluation of associated inputs to accurately estimate the energy resolution. The study reveals an energy resolution of 2.95% at 1 MeV. Furthermore, the study assesses the contribution of major effects to the overall energy resolution budget. This analysis serves as a reference for interpreting future measurements of energy resolution during JUNO data taking. Moreover, it provides a guideline in comprehending the energy resolution characteristics of liquid scintillator-based detectors

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

Determination of the number of ψ(3686) events taken at BESIII

The number of ψ(3686) events collected by the BESIII detector during the 2021 run period is determined to be (2259.3±11.1)×106 by counting inclusive ψ(3686) hadronic events. The uncertainty is systematic and the statistical uncertainty is negligible. Meanwhile, the numbers of ψ(3686) events collected during the 2009 and 2012 run periods are updated to be (107.7±0.6)×106 and (345.4±2.6)×106, respectively. Both numbers are consistent with the previous measurements within one standard deviation. The total number of ψ(3686) events in the three data samples is (2712.4±14.3)×10^

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies