Settlement of Administrative Disputes in Civil Procedure

民事诉讼中的行政争议焦点（简称争点），是指民事诉讼当事人之间对有关具体行政行为是否成立、是否有效、是否合法的争议焦点。其实质在于具体行政行为效力的拘束范围。在实体方面具体行政行为是否及如何拘束民事审判组织的；在诉讼程序方面，行政争点问题应当通过何种程序模式得到处理解决，在保证实体公正的同时，又使当事人诉讼上的救济权不致受到拖延。我国法律对此没有统一规定，司法实践中做法不一。引发了当事人民事权宜保护失衡的现象。因此，完善我国民事诉讼中行政争点的处理模式，以保护当事人的合法利益十分必要。 本论文分为四章。第一章阐述了行政争点的定义及法律特征；第二章通过具体行政行为对民事审判拘束效力的类型化分析探...An administrative dispute in the civil procedure refers to the focus of controversy (hereinafter referred to as administrative dispute) regarding whether a relevant and specific administrative action is established, valid or legitimate among parties concerned in civil actions, which is essentially the binding scope of the effect of a specific administrative action. No consistent provision is made ...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院_法律硕士(JM)学号：X200912004

A Study on the Information Channel Differentiation in Terms of Consumptive Behavior in Rural Tourism——The Case Study of peripheral Rural Tourism in Changsha City

乡村旅游消费行为在不同信息渠道中的分异状况,是一个值得关注的问题。通过对以抽样方法获得的长沙市居民乡村旅游消费行为的丰富基础数据,按照信息渠道分群统计分析,发现在出游方式、交通方式、停留时间、出游频次、住宿选择上信息渠道分异明显;在出游距离上表现出信息渠道的同一性;在花费水平上表现出信息渠道分异与同一性并存特色。The information channel differentiation in terms of consumptive behavior in rural tourism deserves special concern.Analyzed in the light of information channel group and based on the rich basic data obtained from sampling investigation about rural tourism consumptive behavior of Changsha residents,this paper explores the obvious differentiation in the aspects of travel modes,traffic modes,duration of stay consumption level,travel frequency and accommodation choice,explores the obvious identity in the aspect of travel distance;explores the feature of the coexistence of differentiation and identity in the aspect of consumption level.湖南省社科基金重大项目(07ZDA05

城市居民主观幸福感与游憩行为关系研究——以长沙市为例

城市居民作为我国游憩市场的主要客源,对其主观幸福感与游憩行为的关系研究对于游憩市场细分具有重要意义。本文以抽样调查方法获得的长沙市居民游憩行为的丰富数据为基础,对其主观幸福感和具体游憩行为进行对应分析,并进行卡方检验,发现主观幸福感与城市居民游憩行为显著相关。其中不同主观幸福感人群在游憩交通工具、出游频次、停留时间、游憩花费、住宿选择等方面具有显著差异,而在信息渠道、出游方式、出游距离上差异不明显

国内旅游利益相关者研究进展及展望

关于旅游利益相关者的研究已成为近年来国内研究热点之一,取得了丰硕的成果。研究内容主要集中于旅游利益相关者界定与分类、生态旅游、旅游目的地、旅游规划、旅游景区、旅游产业、旅行社、旅游合作等领域;研究方法以定性分析、规范研究为主,定量研究、实证研究较少。存在创新成份少、研究范围窄、研究手段与方法单一、研究成果的应用性不强等局限性,需要强化基础研究、拓宽研究视野、丰富研究手段与方法和加强应用研究以推进国内旅游利益相关者的研究走上一个新台阶

服务质量对旅游者抵制负面信息意愿的影响机制研究——基于Stimulus-Organism-Response(S-O-R)分析框架

随着互联网、移动互联网的广泛使用,微博、微信、博客和各种在线论坛等使得旅游地负面信息传播速度加快、范围拓宽、渠道增多,对旅游地发展的破坏性日益扩大。但如何促使旅游者产生抵制负面信息意愿,并在此基础上建立相应的保护措施等尚未引起研究者的关注。本文基于Mehrabian和Russell建立的Stimulus-Organism-Response(S-O-R)分析框架,构建以服务质量为外部刺激,消费情感(积极情感和消极情感)和旅游者满意为内部情感状态,旅游者抵制负面信息意愿为行为反应的整合模型,探讨服务质量对旅游者抵制负面信息意愿的影响机制。通过对岳麓山-橘子洲旅游区的旅游者进行调查,发现旅游者抵制负面信息意愿的形成过程符合S-O-R框架。实证研究表明,服务质量正向影响积极情感和旅游者满意,进而影响旅游者抵制负面信息意愿;服务质量负向影响消极情感,进而影响旅游者满意和旅游者抵制负面信息意愿;服务质量直接正向影响旅游者抵制负面信息意愿。中介作用检验进一步证实,积极情感和旅游者满意在服务质量对旅游者抵制负面信息意愿中起部分中介作用,而消极情感未起中介作用。国家自然科学基金项目“旅游地社会责任对旅游者环境责任行为影响的传导机制研究”(71573279)；国家自然科学基金项目“旅游体验对旅游者主观幸福感影响机制研究”(71774176)；湖南省杰出青年科学基金项目“旅游者环境责任行为的治理机制研究”(2017JJ1032)

下游国的贸易报复与中国稀土出口政策

本文通过在纵向关联市场框架下构建一个博弈模型，研究两个下游国在分别采取独立贸易报复与联合进行贸易报复两种情况下，中国政府应采取的稀土出口政策。研究发现: (1) 当下游国家独立采取贸易报复措施时，若中国稀土产业集中度低(高) ，则应对稀土出口进行征税( 补贴) ，而下游国会对最终产品出口进行补贴(征税) 。(2) 当下游国联合进行贸易报复时，在中国稀土产业集中度很低且下游国产业集中度很高的情况下，中国应对稀土出口进行征税，而下游国总会选择对最终产品出口进行征税。(3) 若考虑到稀土生产带来的环境污染，则随着环境污染系数增加，无论下游国家采取何种方式的贸易报复措施，中国对稀土出口都将会进行更多的限制。该文发表在《世界经济》2012年第8期，pp92-114

下游国的贸易报复与中国稀土出口政策

本文通过在纵向关联市场框架下构建一个博弈模型,研究两个下游国在分别采取独立贸易报复与联合进行贸易报复两种情况下,中国政府应采取的稀土出口政策。研究发现:(1)当下游国家独立采取贸易报复措施时,若中国稀土产业集中度低(高),则应对稀土出口进行征税(补贴),而下游国会对最终产品出口进行补贴(征税)。(2)当下游国联合进行贸易报复时,在中国稀土产业集中度很低且下游国产业集中度很高的情况下,中国应对稀土出口进行征税,而下游国总会选择对最终产品出口进行征税。(3)若考虑到稀土生产带来的环境污染,则随着环境污染系数增加,无论下游国家采取何种方式的贸易报复措施,中国对稀土出口都将会进行更多的限制

Research advances of electrochemical micro/nanofabrication based on confined etchant layer technique

与机械加工相比, 电化学加工技术具有无刀具磨损、无热效应、无机械损伤、加工效率高等优点, 而且适用于柔性、脆性及超硬材料,; 具备传统方法难以实现的复杂结构加工能力, 因而在航空航天、汽车、微电子等领域有着重要应用, 日益成为一种重要的工业制造技术.; 随着超大规模集成电路(ULSI)、微机电系统(MEMS)、微全分析系统(mu-TAS)、现代精密光学系统等高技术产业的迅速发展,; 功能性结构/器件的微型化和集成化的要求越来越高. 由于传统电化学只适用于金属材料, 为了应对微纳制造的时代要求, 拓展电化学加工的材料普适性,; 1992年田昭武院士提出了具有我国自主知识产权的约束刻蚀剂层技术(CELT). 一般的, 约束刻蚀包括3个步骤:; (1)通过电化学、光化学或光电化学的方法在模板电极表面生成刻蚀剂;; (2)通过后续的均相化学反应或自由基衰变反应将刻蚀剂约束在微/纳米厚度的液层内; (3)将模板电极逼近加工基底,; 当约束刻蚀剂层接触被加工基底时, 通过刻蚀反应实现微纳加工. 最近, 联合课题组通过仪器、原理和方法3个方面的努力, 引入外部物理场调制技术,; 实现一维铣削、二维抛光、三维微/纳结构加工, 大幅提升了CELT的技术水平.Compared with mechanical machining, ECM has several advantages, such as; avoiding tool wear, none thermal or mechanical stress on machining; surfaces, as well as high removal rate. Moreover, ECM is capable of; making complex three-dimensional structures and is appropriate for; flexible, fragile, or fissile materials even materials harder than the; machining tool. Thus, ECM has been widely used for various industrial; applications in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, electronics, etc.; ECM methods can be classified usually as electrolytic machining based on; anodic dissolution and electroforming based on cathodic deposition of; metallic materials. Recently, high technology industry, such as; ultralarge scale integration (ULSI) circuits, microelectromechanical; systems (MEMS), miniaturized total analysis systems (mu-TAS) and; precision optics, has developed more and more rapidly, where; miniaturization and integration of functional components are becoming; significant. Nowadays, the feature size of interconnectors in ULSI; circuits has been down to 20 nanometers, predicted by Moore's law.; Confined etchant layer technique (CELT) was proposed in 1992 to; fabricate three-dimensional micro- and nanostructures (3D-MNS) on; different metals and semiconductors, which has been developed an; effective machining method with independent intellectual property; rights. Generally, there are three procedures in CELT: (1) generating; the etchant on the surface of the tool electrode by electrochemical or; photoelectrochemical reactions; (2) confining the etchant in a depleted; layer with a thickness of micro- or nanometer scale; (3) etching process; when the tool electrode is fed to the workpiece, which applicable for 1D; milling, 2D polishing, and 3D microfabrication with an accuracy at micro; or nanometer scale. External physical-field modulations have recently; been introduced into CELT to improve its machining precision. In this; review, the advances of CELT in principles, instruments and applications; will be addressed as well as the prospects.国家自然科学基金; 机械制造系统工程国家重点实验室开放课题资助项

Development and Application of a Novel Neutralization Test for Echovirus 25

目的:建立一种新型的快速、高通量的埃可病毒25型(ECHO25)中和抗体检测方法,并初步评价其在ECHO25中和抗体筛选和血清流行病学调查中的应用价值。方法:应用免疫荧光方法筛选ECHO25高亲和性抗体并将其作为检测单抗,结合酶联免疫斑点检测技术(ELISPOT)建立ECHO25中和抗体检测方法;使用不同效价的血清评价该方法的准确性;采用所建立的中和方法对ECHO25单克隆抗体、临床血清样品进行检测。结果:建立了快速检测ECHO25中和抗体的Nt-ELISPOT方法,以ECHO25单克隆抗体5B9作为检测抗体;相比经典的中和实验方法 Nt-CPE,该方法可显著缩短检测时间(从5~7 d缩短至1 d以内),检测结果具有较好的一致性;采用所建立的Nt-ELISPOT方法首次筛选获得3株对ECHO25具有较好中和能力的单克隆抗体;临床血清样品检测结果显示厦门地区可能存在ECHO25的流行。结论:该方法可以应用于中和抗体筛选和血清学的临床辅助诊断,为ECHO25的防治研究提供支持。Objective: To establish a rapid and high-throughput neutralization test for echovirus 25(ECHO25),and evaluate its application in neutralizing antibody screening and seroepidemiological surveys. Methods: Immuno-fluorescence assay was applied to screen a high affinity antibody, which was used as the detection antibody forECHO25, and a rapid neutralization test was established based on enzyme- linked immunospot assay(Nt-ELISPOT). The accuracy of this method was evaluated by detecting serum samples with different titer. Monoclonalantibodies against ECHO25 and clinical serum samples were detected via the established neutralization test. Results: A rapid method to detect neutralizing antibody against ECHO25 was established and an anti-ECHO25 anti-body, 5B9, was used as the detection antibody. The detection period could be shortened significantly comparedwith the classical neutralization test(Nt- CPE)(from five to seven days to less than one day), and the Nt-ELISPOT had good consistency with the Nt- CPE. Meanwhile, three neutralizing antibodies for ECHO25 werescreened firstly by this method. The detection results of clinical serum samples showed that infection of ECHO25 might be popular in Xiamen. Conclusion: This method can be used in neutralizing antibody screening and seroepi-demiological surveys, and it may provide support for the control of ECHO25.国家自然科学基金(81371817,81401669

Study on application of statistical modeling on chromatogram-effect relation in Traditional Chinese Medicine

目的构建钩藤药材中钩藤碱、异钩藤碱、柯诺辛及柯诺辛b四种生物碱对谷氨酸酯诱导PC12细胞氧化应激抑制作用的谱-效关系模型。方法在获得钩藤药材中钩藤碱、异钩藤碱、柯诺辛及柯诺辛b四种生物碱对谷氨酸酯诱导的PC12氧化应激的抑制作用的谱-效关系基础上,利用SPSS 15.0软件进行分析,建立谱-效关系模型。结果钩藤碱和柯诺辛对PC12细胞氧化应激有显著的抑制作用,其谱-效方程为:y=44.301+0.255X1+0.356X3,经7批药材验证,谱-效关系式计算值与实际值的偏差率不超过10%。结论该谱-效关系模式可用于预测钩藤对谷氨酸酯诱导的PC12细胞氧化应激的抑制作用。Objective To establish chromatogram-effect model based on inhibitory effect of four alkaloids( rhynchophyline,isorhynchophylline,corynoxine,corynoxine B) on oxidative stress of glutamate-induced PC12 cells.Methods Based on the chromatogram-effect relation of inhibitory effect of four alkaloids on the oxidative stress of glutamate-induced PC12 cells,SPSS 15.0 was used to analyse data.Results Oxidative stress of PC12 cells was significantly inhibited by rhynchophyline and corynoxine.The spectrum efficient equation was,Y = 44.301 + 0.255X 1 + 0.356X 3( P <0.05).The deviation of predictive value and true value was no more than 10% by data validation from seven samples.Conclusions The chromatogram-effect model can be used to predict the effect of uncaria macrophylla wall against the oxidative stress of glutamate-induced PC12 cells