Preliminary study on PAH degradation by bacteria from contami-nated sediments in Xiamen Western Sea, Fujian, China

In order to estimate the biodegradation of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds, bacterial strains were isolated from marine sediments in three heavily contaminated sites (Yuandang Lake, Dongdu Port and Aquacultural zones in Maluan Bay) in Xiamen Western Sea. The results show three bacterial strains, which used pyrene as the sole carbon source, were identified as strains of Aureobacterium sp., Arthrobacter sp., Rhodococcus sp. The PAH-degrading bacteria isolated had a strong ability to degrade phenan-hrene, fluoranthene and pyrene at different degradation rates. The highest degradation rate was observed when three PAH compounds were mixed with an individual strain in the medium. The three PAHs were degraded after one week with a degradation rate of 89.94 % for phenanthrene and 93.4 % for both of fluoranthene and pyrene. In addition, after 25 days of incubation, the degradation rate was 99.98 % for phenanthrene and 99.97 % for both of fluoranthene and pyrene. Optical density was measured to ..

Geographic patterns of endemic seed plant genera diversity in China

通讯作者 Author for correspondence. E-mail: [email protected][中文文摘]生物特有现象的地理格局及其形成机制是生物地理学的重要研究内容。本文通过整合173个地区的中国种子植物特有属编目资料、环境和空间因子数据,运用多元回归和方差分解的方法,探索了中国种子植物特有属丰富度及其占全部种子植物属丰富度的比例(特有属比例)与环境(生境异质性和气候)和空间因子的关系。结果表明:(1)特有属丰富度及特有属比例具有很强的空间变异性,在华中地区最高,而靠近国界和大陆边缘的地区较低;相比而言,种子植物属丰富度的空间变异性较弱,且表现出显著的纬度梯度性;(2)特有属丰富度及特有属比例主要由空间因子和生境异质性(地形的复杂性)决定,即在大的空间尺度上,地理位置决定一个地区特有属比例的理论值,生境异质性和气候因子对其进行微调;而种子植物属丰富度的地理格局主要受气候和生境异质性的影响。(3)中国种子植物特有属是主观性非常强的概念,特有属比例所反映的植物区系系统发育信息可能会很低;空间因子所解释的方差中到底有多少是系统发育因素,还需要进一步的研究。本文最后讨论了当前特有属定义和判定的不足之处。虽然理论上认为特有属的判定不应以行政边界为标准,但是目前几乎所有的中国特有属划分方法均以国界为准,这在一定程度上降低了中国种子植物特有属概念的科学内涵和在实践中的作用。因此,我们建议在理论和实践中对中国种子植物特有属概念采取审慎的态度。[英文文摘]Endemism describes the phenomenon that the distribution of individual species/taxa is critically restricted to a specific region.Seed plant genera endemic to China(endemic genera) are those with their main geographic distribution range within the borders of China.The geographic patterns of endemic genera can not only guide conservation planning,but these organisms are also important biological resources.We gathered data of 173 localities on environmental and spatial factors,and regional seed plant genera richness(GRN),endemic genera richness(EGRN) and endemic genera ratio(EGR),which was calculated by dividing EGRN by GRN.Multiple regression and variance partitioning were used to examine how environmental and spatial variables affect GRN,EGRN,and EGR.Our results showed that:(1) EGRN and EGR had stronger spatial variability than GRN,with highest values(richness and ratio) in central China and lower near national borders and continental edges.GRN exhibited an evident latitudinal gradient.(2) EGRN and EGR were mainly determined by habitat heterogeneity and spatial factors.Regional theoretical EGR was constrained by its geographical location,and was further adjusted by habitat heterogeneity(topographical complexity) and climatic factors.Geographical patterns of GRN,on the other hand,were mainly determined by climatic conditions and habitat heterogeneity rather than spatial factors.(3) Seed plant genera endemic to China could be rather difficult to define,and probably reflected inadequate information on phylogenetic evolution of local flora.Further studies are needed to examine the variance explained by spatial factors through a phylogenetic lense.Finally,flaws in the definition and classification of seed plant genera endemic to China were discussed.Theoretically,genera endemic to China should not be defined according to the political borders.But,in practice,nearly all the lists of seed plant genera endemic to China proposed by several authors were based on the relationship between the geographic distribution of specific genus and national borders.Thus,we recommend that,the concept of seed plant genera endemic to China should be used carefully in both theoretical research and biodiversity conservation practices.国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2009CB421105);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAC08B04

Experimental study on reperfusion of intraocular lens

作者简介: 祁明信, 男, 1945 年7 月 出生, 教授、主任医师、博士研究生 导师, 主要从事白内障的基础与临 床研究。联系电话: 0591-83570887; E-mail:qihuang@netease. com 通讯作者: 黄秀榕,E-mail:[email protected][中文文摘]目的开展晶状体再灌注的离体和动物实验研究,并对再灌注人工晶状体技术进行评价。方法采用新鲜离体幼兔眼、离体猪眼、新西兰白兔眼,应用自行研制的人工晶状体材料,进行以下实验:(1)体外固化实验;(2)晶状体前囊膜微型撕囊及其稳固性实验;(3)经微型前囊膜开口超声乳化吸出晶状体内容物实验;(4)活的新西兰白兔眼内人工晶状体再灌注实验。结果(1)按硅酮聚合物与固化剂50:1的比例可获得柔软、弹性好、固化时间短(完全固化时间为60min)的注入材料;(2)晶状体前囊膜1.8～2.0mm的连续环形撕囊口具有较好的稳定性,可经该微型开口吸出晶状体内容物并灌注材料;(3)超声能量18%、流量25mL·min-1、负压120mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg)为晶状体内容物经微型前囊膜开口吸出的最佳条件;(4)注入灌注材料后可形成由晶状体囊膜包裹的、置换原晶状体皮质和核的、新的再灌注人工晶状体。结论采用再灌注人工晶状体的方法可进行新型人工晶状体再灌注,可为治疗白内障和老视提供参考。[英文文摘]Objective To carry out the experimental study on reperfusion of intraocular lens(IOLs) in vitro or in animal,and to assess the technique of IOLs reperfusion.Methods The following experiments were performed by using self-developed materials in fresh rabbit eyes and pig eyes in vitro,as well as in eyes of alive New-Zea-land rabbits:(1)Solidification study of self-developed material in vitro;(2)Continuous circular capsulorhexis(CCC) in anterior capsule of lens and its stability;(3)Draw of lens contents via phaco through mini-CCC;(4)IOLs ref illing in the eyes of alive New-Zea land rabbits. Results(1) Thematerialwhich was soft, springy and short-term solidification(full solidification time was 60 minutes) were obtained in certain proportion of geland solidified agent(50:1) in vitro; ( 2)The CCC in anterior capsule of lens with 1.8-2.0 mm diameter had very good stability. The lens contents were drawn and the materialwere refilled through themini-CCC; (3) The best conditions of drawing out lens contents through m ini-CCC were phaco energy 18% , flow 25 mL·min- 1, and negative pressure 120 mmH g (1kPa=7.5 mmHg);(4) The new refilled IOLs, which were wrapped by capsule of lens and were replaced original cortex and nucleus of lens, were obtained after thematerial refillied. Conc lusion. New IOLs are refilled through this method, which can prov ide reference for the treatment of cataract and presbyopia.福建省科技三项费用;教育厅重点资助项目基金资助(编号:K98041

A STUDY ON NANO-HYDROXYAPATITE-CHITOSAN SCAFFOLD FOR BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING

作者单位: 1 中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学生物医学工程研究所天津市生物医学材料重点实验室( 天津, 300192 ) ; 2 厦门大学生物医学工 程研究中心厦门大学医学院厦门市生物医学工程技术研究中心 通讯作者: 张其清, 教授, 博士导师, 研究方向: 组织引导再生, E-mail: zhangqiq@ xmu . edu. cn[中文文摘]目的以一种简单、有效的方法制备多孔的纳米羟基磷灰石(nano hydroxyapatite,nano-HA)-壳聚糖(chitosan,CS)复合支架,并评价其理化性能及与细胞相容性。方法采用原位复合-冷冻干燥方法,制备多孔nano-HA-CS支架。通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、X线衍射和傅立叶红外光谱分析支架的微观形貌及材料的组成。分离初生Wistar大鼠的成骨细胞,取传代培养第3代细胞分别与nano-HA-CS支架和纯CS支架共培养2、4、6、8h,各时间点各取4个样品,测定细胞在支架上的黏附率,并通过组织化学染色、扫描电镜观察细胞形态。结果nano-HA-CS复合支架具有多孔结构,孔径为100~500μm,大多数孔径为400~500μm。具有很高的孔隙率,随CS和HA含量的增加,孔隙率明显降低,密度升高。扫描电镜和透射电镜观察显示合成的HA晶体,晶粒大小为纳米级,在支架孔壁上均匀、连续分布如“铺路石”样。X线衍射和红外光谱分析表明合成的HA是含CO32-弱结晶纳米晶体。细胞相容性实验显示,成骨细胞在支架上黏附、增殖,并分泌纤维状细胞外基质;在复合支架上的黏附率明显高于纯CS支架。结论采用原位复合与冷冻干燥法结合制备的nano-HA-CS复合支架具有良好的理化性质和细胞相容性,有望应用于组织工程骨的构建。[英文文摘] Objective To fabricate a nano-hydroxyapatite-chitosan (nano-HA-CS) scaffold with high porosity by a simple and effective technique and to evaluate the physical and chemical properties and the cytocompatibility of the composite scaffold. Methods The three-dimensional nano-HA-CS scaffolds with high porosity were prepared by the in situ hybridization-freeze-drying method. The microscopic morphology and components of the composite scaffolds were analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the transmission electron microscopy(TEM), the X-ray diffraction(XRD)examination, and the Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). The calvarial osteoblasts were isolated from the neonatal Wistar rats. The serial subcultured cells (3rd passage) were respectively seeded onto the nano-HA-CS scaffold and the CS scaffold, and then were co-cultured for 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours. At each time point, four specimens from each matrix were taken to determine the cell-adhesion rate. The cell morphology was observed by the histological staining and SEM. Results The macroporous nano-HA-CS scaffolds had a feature of high porosity with a pore diameter from 100 to 500 μm (mostly 400-500 μm). The scaffolds had a high interval porosity; however, the interval porosity was obviously decreased and the scaffold density was increased with an increase in the contents of CS and HA. The SEM and TEM results showed that the nano-sized HA was synthesized and was distributed on the pore walls homogeneously and continuously. The XRD and FTIR results showed that the HA crystals were carbonate-substituded and not well-crystallized. The cytocompatibility test showed that the seeded osteoblasts could adhere the scaffolds, proliferating and producing the extracellular matrix on the scaffolds. The adherence rate for the nano-HA-CS scaffolds was obviously higher than that for the pure CS scaffolds. Conclusion The nano-HA-CS scaffolds fabricated by the in situ hybridization-freeze-drying method have a good physical and chemical properties and a good cytocompatibility; therefore, this kind of scaffolds may be successfully used in the bone tissue engineering.天津市科技攻关项目资助项目(05YFGZGX03800

Some biometeorological features of wheat field in the ecological conditions of oasis at the Heihe Region

观测分析了 HEIFE地区绿洲中麦田的一些微气候特征 ,结果表明 SPAC中水势随高度呈显著梯度分布 ,在土壤 -植物以及植物 -大气界面 ,水势值存在两个大的跳跃 ;水势廓线存在明显的日变化 ;SPAC各部分水势变化的起伏顺序是大气 >植物 >土壤 ,说明水势变化受植物水分代谢进程直至气象因子的强烈影响和控制。冠层上方近地面风温湿的时空剖面显示出白天与夜晚相比 ,大气混合得较好 ;日出前则大气较为稳定 ;在典型晴天条件下 ,麦田上方的大气存在内边界。其结构受来自沙漠干热风的影响和控制。冠层内部也存在着温度、湿度、CO2 浓度、PAR、蒸腾作用、光合作用、气孔导度和叶温的垂直梯度 ,其廓线的日变化主要受太阳辐射的强烈控制 ,同时也受冠层内部不同层面叶片水分代谢强弱以及土壤状况的影响 ,其温湿廓线表现出与冠层上方不同的变化模式。 【英文摘要】 We observed and analysed some characteristics of biometeorology over and within canopy in spring wheat field in the ecological conditions of oasis during HEIFE program.Water potential in SPAC appeared a well vertical profile and the profile showed an obvious diurnal variation.There were water potential jumps in the SPAC junction boundaries.Sequence of variation intensity for water potential in each part of the SPAC was atmosphere,plant and soil.It is shown that the water potential was influenced and control...中国科学院资助;; 国家自然科学基金!( No.94 870 0 4 );; 日本文部省资助!( No.0 2 0 4 1 0 4 3

Some characteristics of energy exchange at the underlying surface of desert and oasis in Hexi Corridor

在河西走廊黑河地区沙漠和绿洲下垫面生态条件下,用涡旋相关法研究了能量输送的不同模式和日变化进程;以及两种生态条件下能量输送间可能存在的相互关系。在沙漠生态条件下,大部分净辐射用于显热散失,另一部分用于向地下传输,较少部分则用于潜热输送,其方向在白天向下,在夜间向上;其Bowen比为13.16。在绿洲的麦田生态条件下,能量输送的基本模式为:大部分净辐射用于潜热散失,其输送方向与沙漠相反,另一部分用于显热散失,其输送方向一般在午后约3h即由上传转为下传。土壤热通量在最大时一般不超过40W/m2。冠层光合作用固定的能量则更小,其数量级维持在10W/m2以下,小麦不同生长阶段各能量分量占净辐射的比例有所变化。麦田的Bowen比从分蘖期的0.33降到拔节期末的0.095。当有干热大风自沙漠吹向绿洲时观测了典型的绿洲效应,其能量输送模式发生很大变化,显热显著下传,地热流量减弱,潜热散失强烈,起风后约2h潜热甚至高于净辐射。表明沙漠的能量组分参与了麦田的能量平衡过程。 【英文摘要】 With eddy correlation,we studied the pattern and dinurnal variation course of energy transfer for the underlying surface of desert and wheat field in oasis and their possible relationship between two ecological conditions at Heihe River region in Hexi Corridor during the HEIFE project.In the desert,the most net radiation( Rn )was consumed by sensible heat( H )transfer,another part of Rn conducted into desert surface,and a small part of Rn was dissipated by latent heat( LE ) transfer on a fine ...中国科学院资助项目;;国家自然科学基金;;日本文部省资助项

A Simplified Model with Soil Water Limitation on Spring Wheat Growth

建立了以日长 (L)和日总辐射 (TDR)为自变量的春小麦 (TriticumaestivumL .)碳同化和干物质累积 (DMA)的简化模型 ;考虑了水分限制下光能利用效率 (α)、碳传输导度 (gc)均被降低的设定 ,将反映春小麦水分状况的叶水势 (Ψ)作为参数纳入本模型 ;Ψ则通过多元回归由 80cm土层相对含水量 (θR ,80 )、气温 (Ta)、水汽压差 (VPD)、低于- 1.5MPa叶水势之和 (Ψc ,1.5)给出。讨论了模型在“黑河地区地气相互作用研究”中的应用实例。模型分析和模拟结果表明 ,该简化生长模型能较好地描述春小麦在水分限制和无水分限制条件下的干物质累积过程。 【英文摘要】 The authors constructed a simplified model of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) carbon assimilation and dry matter accumulation (DMA) process which consisted of two independent variables, day length (L) and total daily radiation (TDR). Leaf water potential (Ψ) was incorporated into the simplified growth model based on the assumption that both light use efficiency (α) and CO 2 conductance of assimilation (g c) were depressed by water limitation. Finally,Ψ was estimated from a regression equation i... 【基金】 TheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina!( 94870 0 4) ;; TheChineseAcademyofSciencesandJapaneseMinistryofEducation Science

Purification efficiency of four combinations of aquatic macrophytes on eutrophic water body in winter

通讯作者E-mail: [email protected][中文文摘]选择10种耐低温的水生植物构建4种植物组合,研究了冬季低温环境下不同水生植物组合对富营养化水体的净化效果。结果表明:组合1〔常绿水生鸢尾(Iris hexagonus Hybrid)+羊蹄(Rumex japonicus)+金叶"金钱蒲"(Acorus gramineus"Ogan")+反曲灯心草"蓝箭"(Juncus inflexus"BlueArrows")〕4种植物均能在试验富营养化水体中茂盛生长,且对TN、NOx-N、NH4-N和TP的去除率分别为47.8%、52.2%、32.4%和70.1%;组合2〔常绿水生鸢尾+羊蹄+金叶"金钱蒲"+大苞萱草(Hemerocallis middendorfii)〕4种植物也都能在试验富营养化水体中存活,并且有一定量的生长,对TN、NOx-N、NH4-N和TP的去除率分别为44.2%、58.5%、34.6%和67.8%;而未种植物的对照对TN、NOx-N、NH4-N和TP的去除率分别为40.0%、25.9%、27.3%和64.5%;组合1和2对富营养化水体有较好的净化效果。组合3和组合4中由于吊兰(Chlorophytum comosum)和三穗薹草(Carex tristachya)等植物长势较差,仅对NOx-N具有较明显去除能力,对其他指标去除效果不明显。通过这些水生植物在富营养化水体中生长特性和对营养元素的去除能力,发现冬季组合1和2的净化效果较好,是低温条件下适宜的浮床植物组合形式。[英文文摘]Ten species of low temperature-tolerant aquatic macrophytes were chosen to construct four combinations of aquatic macrophytes to study their purification efficiency on eutrophic water body in winter.In non-macrophyte treatment (CK),the removal efficiency of water total nitrogen (TN) ，nitrite nitrogen ( NOx-N) ,ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N),and total phosphorus (TP) was 40.0%,25.9%,27.3%, and 64.5%,respectively.Combination 1 (Iris hexagonus Hybrid + Rumex japonicas + Acorus gramineus“Ogan”+ Juncus inflexus“Blue Arrows”) grew luxuriantly in the test eutrophic water body,and performed best in decreasing water TN,NOx-N,NH4-N,and TP,with the removal efficiency being 47.8%,52.2%,32.4%，and 70.1%,respectively. Combination 2 ( I． hexagonus Hybrid + R． japonicas + A． gramineus “Ogan”+ Hemerocallis middendorfii) could survive and had definite growth amount in the test eutrophic water,and the removal efficiency of water TN,NOx-N,NH4-N,and TP was 44.2%,58.5%,34. 6% and 67.8%,respectively.In contrast,both the combination 3 ( R.japonicas + Lolium perenne + Chlorophytum comosum + Juncus pallidus R.Br. “Javelin”) and the combination 4 (R.japonicas + L. perenne + C.comosum + Carex tristachya) only had an obvious efficiency in removing NOx-N but less efficiency in removing TN,NH4-N,and TP,due to the poor growth of C.comosum and C.tristachya.It was suggested that combinations 1 and 2 had better purification efficiency on eutrophic water body,being the suitable combination forms of aquatic macrophytes floating-bed under low temperature in winter.国家自然科学基金项目(50809063)资

Effects of Oxytetracycline on Population Growth and Genetic Diversity of Euplotesvannus (Marine Protist)

抗生素作为一类环境污染物在海岸带生境中广泛存在,它们对海洋原生生物遗传多样性的影响还不清楚.本工作以一种海洋纤毛虫原生生物(扇形游仆虫(Euplotes vannus))为例,研究了一种常见四环类抗生素(土霉素)对其生长的影响,并通过单细胞(个体)分析,探索了抗生素对其大核基因组中核糖体小亚基RNA基因(SSU r DNA)序列多样性的影响.结果表明,与对照组相比,3个土霉素处理组(1,10和20μg/m L)中纤毛虫的自然增长率随土霉素浓度升高显著降低,细胞大小则呈增大趋势.SSU r DNA序列单倍型多样性、核苷酸多样性和GC含量随抗生素浓度升高呈现降低趋势.序列单核苷酸多态性位点的碱基转..