Risk identification of shield tunneling method based on accident statistics

随着盾构法施工技术在我国轨道交通建设的广泛应用,其施工事故的多发性也不容忽视。本文以盾构法施工事故类型统计为切入点,识别出风险源和风险因素,力求在盾构法施工工程实践中,为更好地把握事故的多发性风险提供参考

The Symbol of the Orders:The Clan Identity and the Ritual Tradition of a Village in Eastern Fujian

本文以福建省古田县西北部一个江氏单姓村——漈面为田野点，通过观察、访谈及文献解读，探讨宗族、仪式与认同的复杂关系。作为一个继嗣群，漈面江氏并不存在族谱和祠堂，其祖先崇拜和宗族认同是以墓祭的形式来表现的；同时，江氏也并不是以一个宗族的社会组织发挥其在地方的作用，而是通过于正月期间举行的村落土主祭祀仪式组织来整合社会秩序、建立社区认同的。这一点，为我们从更多元的视角来观察东南汉人的“宗族”与地域社会及其文化提供了一个值得分析的个案。 漈面江氏的上元仪式表明，尽管祭产是江氏维持这一仪式传统的一项重要因素，但祭祀的主体却并不是“族”的组织及其代言人。乩童在仪式中发挥了重要的组织与象征作用，而他的存在...The field of this thesis is Jimian village, which is located in the northwestern of Gutian country of Fujian province and is a single-character surname family village with the surname Jiang. The author try to discuss the complex relationship among the clan, ritual and the identity by observing, interview and unscrambling the literature.As a descent group, the Jiang family does not have the ancestr...学位：法学硕士院系专业：人文学院人类学研究所_民族学学号：1062007115180

明胶膜醇/水分离特性

明胶(Gelatin)曾用于与其它高聚物共混制备分离膜材料,但迄今未见单独成膜用于膜分离的报道.本文首次报道高纯牛骨胶经Cr_2(SO_4)_3交联后制膜的方法,并成功地用于醇/水渗透蒸发分离.采用渗透蒸发分离醇/水混合物,既节能又简便

几种膜结合水的差示扫描量热研究

对芳香聚酰胺、聚砜酰胺、聚苯并咪唑酮、聚砜和醋酸纤维等五种膜材料进行差热扫描量热研究，发现膜在室温下结合水和脱除水是一平衡，升温后水游离出来，回到室温时又结合上去，若在高温时移至液氮中骤冷，膜表面结合部分多分子水，此时膜和水的热性能和结合单分子水为主的膜明显不同

Progress of interfacial geochemistry of mercury

国家自然科学基金资助项目(20077016);; 中国博士后基金资助项目(2002032148

Research on the rapid inactivation of typical algae blooms by hydroxyl radical

以典型水华藻铜绿微囊藻、针杆藻和四尾栅藻为研究对象,利用大气压强电离放电高效生成的羟基自由基(·OH)对3种藻进行杀灭.采用荧光染色、流式细胞仪; 和光合活性等生物学方法,确定·OH杀灭的阈值浓度和时间,并观察细胞形态变化.结果表明,当混合藻中铜绿微囊藻、针杆藻和四尾栅藻的初始藻密度分别为1; 9.5*10~4、21.8*10~4和4.90*10~4cells/mL时,; ·OH杀灭的阈值浓度为1.07mg/L,致死时间为4.5s;形态观察结果表明,处理后各种藻的形态是完整的,无内溶质溢出.因此,采用·OH可实现高; 效快速杀灭水华藻,有效保障饮用水安全.Algae blooming in water sources breaks out increasingly and seriously; threatened the water supply safety. Bench scale tests were conducted to; study the effects of ·OH generated from strong ionization discharge and; high pressure water jet cavitation on cell density, cell integrity and; photosynthetic capacity of 3kinds of typical freshwater algae. Algae; species including Microcystis aeruginosa, Synedra sp., and Scenedesmus; quadricuauda were respectively prepared at concentrations of 19.5*10~4,; 21.8*10~4 and 4.90*10~4 cells/mL, and the cell integrity was assessed by; flow cytometry. Results suggested that the ·OH lethal threshold of the; algae was 1.07mg/L within the exposure time of 4.5s. The cell; morphological observation results showed that all the cells were; integral and no cytoplasm composition spilled. Hence, large-scale; production of ·OH is a novel method to inactive typical algae species; efficiently and to protect drinking water safety simultaneously.国家科技支撑计划资助项目; 国家重大科研仪器研制项

壳聚糖富氧膜的研究(Ⅱ)

壳聚糖-聚砜酰胺复合膜在干、湿情况下,其富氧性能存在明显的差别,表明壳聚糖是较好的富氧材料。从壳聚糖的结构可看出,它能通过氨基、羟基与许多重金属离子形成螯合物,这种螯合物与低分子氧载体的结构相似.本文在壳聚糖-聚砜酰胺复合膜上固定金属钴盐,并在干、湿两种状态下测定了其富氧性能的差别

壳聚糖富氧膜的研究(Ⅰ)

壳聚糖可用来进行醇水分离,但用于氧氮分离尚未见报道.本文成功地以壳聚糖复合膜分离空气中的氧氮,并且发现干燥膜与在干燥膜表面涂上一层水的“湿膜”之间存在明显的氧氮分离差别. 1实验部分壳聚糖(浙江玉环化工厂)经水洗、酸溶、重沉淀处理后,用稀醋酸溶解,配成一定浓度

氧化石墨烯/碱式硫酸铝掺杂聚醚砜/聚酰胺复合纳滤膜的制备及其性能

先由氧化石墨烯（GO）、硫酸铝和尿素通过水热法制得氧化石墨烯/碱式硫酸铝（GO-BAS）复合物,继与哌嗪（PIP）溶液共混作为水相;均苯三甲酰氯（TMC）溶于正己烷作为有机相;采用界面聚合法使两相单体在聚醚砜（PES）基膜表面形成聚酰胺（PA）功能层,制得氧化石墨烯/碱式硫酸铝复合物掺杂的聚醚砜/聚酰胺（PES-PA-GO-BAS）复合纳滤平板膜,并在较低的工作压力（0.3 MPa）下对其进行性能研究。其对无机盐溶液的截留率依次为:Na——2SO4（91.08%）>MgSO4（83.42%）>MgCl——2（68.97%）>NaCl（17.62%）;纯水通量可达24.19 L·m-2·h-1,较之聚酰胺纳滤膜提高了近60%,且具备良好的稳定性和耐碱性

Layer-by-layer self-assembly preparation and performance of GO-ceramics composite nanofiltration membrane

氧化石墨烯(GO)的片层边缘含有COOH等含氧官能团,因而带负电荷,可以在带正电荷多孔基体上通过层层自组装实现快速沉积。以由3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅; 烷(APTES)修饰的多孔氧化铝管式陶瓷膜为基膜,令GO和聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)以溶液形态在其表面交替沉积实现自组装,继以环氧氯丙烷(ECH)交联; 之,制备新型氧化石墨烯-陶瓷复合纳滤膜。最佳制备工艺是,PEI浓度5 g·L~(-1)、pH=9,NaCl浓度0.3; mol·L~(-1),GO浓度0.6 mg·ml~(-1)、pH=4.5,层数2层,ECH用量6.25 ml·L~(-1),50℃条件下处理70; min。层数为1~4层的自组装膜在0.6 MPa操作压力下对2; g·L~(-1)的MgCl_2的截留率分别为90.16%、93.71%、97.54%、92.93%,其中1层自组装膜的渗透通量为21.92; L·m~(-2)·h~(-1)。氧化石墨烯-陶瓷复合纳滤膜对4种无机盐的截留率大小为MgCl_2>MgSO_4>NaCl>Na_2SO_4,符合; 典型正电荷纳滤膜的特征。Graphene oxide (GO) can be quickly deposited on a positively charged; porous matrix via a layer-by-layer self-assembly strategy because GO; nanosheets contain rich negatively charged, oxygen-containing function; groups, such as COOH. In this paper, the GO-ceramics composite; nanofiltration membrane was prepared via layer-by-layer deposition of GO; solution and eolyethyleneimine (PEI) solution alternately, and then; cross-linked by epoxy chloropropane (ECH) on; 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-modified porous Al_2O_3 supports. The; optimum preparation conditions were: PEI 5g·L~(-1), pH=9; NaCl 0.3; mol·L~(-1); GO 0.6 mg·L~(-1), pH=4.5; ECH 6.25 ml·L~(-1) and heat; treatment 50℃/70 min. Under the conditions of 0.6 MPa, when the; self-assembly layer number increased from 1 to 4, the rejection to 2; g·L~(-1) MgCl_2 were 90.16%, 93.71%, 97.54%, and 92.93% respectively,and; the flux of self-assembled monolayer membrane was 21.92 L·m~(-2)·h~(-1).; The rejection orders of inorganic salts of GO-ceramics composite; nanofiltration membrane were as follows: MgCl_2>MgSO_4>NaCl>Na_2SO_4,; therefore they showed the typical positively charged nanofiltration; membrane characteristics