Operations on Automata with All States Final

We study the complexity of basic regular operations on languages represented by incomplete deterministic or nondeterministic automata, in which all states are final. Such languages are known to be prefix-closed. We get tight bounds on both incomplete and nondeterministic state complexity of complement, intersection, union, concatenation, star, and reversal on prefix-closed languages.Comment: In Proceedings AFL 2014, arXiv:1405.527

The Power of Solvent in Altering the Course of Photorearrangements

A clean bifurcation between two important photochemical reactions through competition of a triplet state Type II H-abstraction reaction with a photo-Favorskii rearrangement for (o/p)-hydroxy-o-methylphenacyl esters that depends on the water content of the solvent has been established. The switch from the anhydrous Type II pathway that yields indanones to the aqueous-dependent pathway producing benzofuranones occurs abruptly at low water concentrations (~8%). The surprisingly clean yields suggest that such reactions are synthetically promising

Photochemistry of a 9-Dithianyl-Pyronin Derivative: A Cornucopia of Reaction Intermediates Lead to Common Photoproducts

Leaving groups attached to themeso-methyl position of many common dyes, such as xanthene, BODIPY, or pyronin derivatives, can be liberated upon irradiation with visible light. However, the course of phototransformations of such photoactivatable systems can be quite complex and the identification of reaction intermediates or even products is often neglected. This paper exemplifies the photochemistry of a 9-dithianyl-pyronin derivative, which undergoes an oxidative transformation at themeso-position to give a 3,6-diamino-9H-xanthen-9-one derivative, formic acid, and carbon monoxide as the main photoproducts. The course of this multi-photon multi-step reaction was studied under various conditions by steady-state and time-resolved optical spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy to understand the effects of solvents and molecular oxygen on individual steps. Our analyses have revealed the existence of many intermediates and their interrelationships to provide a complete picture of the transformation, which can bring new inputs to a rational design of new photoactivatable pyronin or xanthene derivatives

An unprecedented photochemical reaction for anthracene-containing derivatives

A series of anthracene-containing derivatives have been synthesised and characterised. The photochemical behaviour of these derivatives have been investigated by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. An unprecedented photolysis reaction for anthracene-containing derivatives was observed in the case of anthracenes directly armed with a -CH 2 O-R group upon UV irradiation. The photolysis reaction process has been demonstrated to occur in three steps. Firstly, the anthracene-containing derivatives are converted into the corresponding endoperoxide intermediate upon UV irradiation in the presence of air; then, the endoperoxide intermediate is decomposed to the corresponding starting compound and 9-anthraldehyde; finally, 9-anthraldehyde is further oxidised to anthraquinone. Additionally, the photolysis reaction of anthracene-containing derivatives is significantly promoted in the presence of a thiacalix[4]arene platform

Freedom vs. Solidarity? Content analysis of blogs by the chairman of the political party Freedom and Solidarity

The bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of blogging activities of the chairman of the political party Freedom and Solidarity, Richard Sulik since the foundation of the blog in 2007 until parliamentary elections in 2010. The aim of this work is to determine whether an element of solidarity in the party's agenda corresponds with solidarity as it understands classical liberalism or conversely, whether the role of solidarity in the party's agenda is beyond the classical-liberal approach. The text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter consists of a theoretical foundation, which analyzes the ideology of liberalism. The second chapter provides an overview of the liberal-oriented political parties in Slovakia in the years 1993 to 2010. The third chapter consists of the author's analysis of blogging activities, which in the end enables to answer the questions

IT SOLUTIONS FOR EFFECTIVE HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT

Why do the healthcare facilities incur debt? What troubles the managers most? In what conditions do the healthcare professionals work? Is there space for improvement? Is it possible to deliver higher quality care? Nowadays, the healthcare providers are looking for solutions, which could help them satisfy more patients, reach lower costs and therefore increase own financial results and answer the abovementioned questions. Key element of such a solution is a business intelligence system, which supports decision-making and aligns enterprise objects with its progress and improves the overall performance. The thesis elaborates on the topic of business intelligence software QlikView in selected hospitals, which already implemented or are about to implement the business intelligence software. The intention was to find out ways in which the software is used in the hospitals, what key performance indicators the software usually measures and what could be the possible opportunities for its further use in the selected facilities. Research results indicate that the software significantly increased the work efficiency and that it contributes to more effective hospital management. However, such improvement in efficiency has also its drawbacks, namely it is the higher price per personal licence in comparison to the other business intelligence software on the market. Research also confirmed the fact that only usage of such software alone will not help to improve the overall bad state of Slovak healthcare system -- systematic measures such as DRG system have to be implemented in the first place in order to also effectively use the business intelligence software

The Complexity of Languages Resulting from the Concatenation Operation

International audienceWe prove that for all m, n, and $$\alpha$$ with $$1 \le \alpha \le f(m,n)$$, where f(m, n) is the state complexity of the concatenation operation, there exist a minimal m-state DFA A and a minimal n-state DFA B, both defined over an alphabet $$\varSigma$$ with $$|\varSigma |\le 2n+4$$, such that the minimal DFA for the language L(A)L(B) has exactly $$\alpha$$ states. This improves a similar result in the literature that uses an exponential alphabet

Photochemistry of Common Xanthene Fluorescent Dyes as Efficient Visible-light Activatable CO-Releasing Molecules

Xanthene derivatives are organic dyes, some of which are routinely used in different chemical and biological applications, including human medicine. In this work, we investigated the photochemistry of some of the most common ones, fluorescein, eosin Y, and rose bengal, and major products of their photodegradation using optical spectroscopy, NMR, chromatography and mass spectroscopy techniques. These substances, usually considered (photo)chemically stable, were found to liberate carbon monoxide (CO) in 40–80% chemical yields upon extensive irradiation with visible light in aqueous solutions during their multistep concomitant degradation processes. In addition, a number of low-mass secondary photoproducts, such as phthalic and formic acids, were identified in the irradiated mixtures. We demonstrate that these common fluorescent dyes can also be considered as visible-light activatable carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecules (photoCORMs) under specific conditions with potential biological implications

Fluorescein Analogues as Photoremovable Protecting Groups Absorbing at ∼520 nm

International audienceA new photoremovable protecting group, (6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)methyl (1), with a molar absorption coefficient ε of ∼4 × 104 m–1 cm–1 at ∼520 nm for the release of carboxylates or phosphates is reported. Three derivatives of 1 (diethyl phosphate, acetate, and bromide) were isolated as complexes with DDQ and shown to release the ligands with quantum yields ≤2.4% in aqueous solution