Monetary Integration in Europe in the Function of Fostering International Business

Through joining the European Economic and Monetary Union a heterogeneous influence of member states cannot be avoided but all countries follow the logic of the economic benefits of unification. Besides reducing transaction costs, greater transparency in prices and the elimination of the uncertainty of exchange rate fluctuations, there is a great impact of open borders on increasing trade between member states. Therefore in this article we will analyze the Andrew Rose effect which estimated that countries with same currency trade over three times as much with each other as countries with different currencies. Through objective and systematic analysis we well conclude that the positive effect of monetary integration on increasing of international trade should be carried out in absolute and relative terms. This work is licensed under a&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</p

Fitocenološke značajke šuma bijele johe (Alnus incana /L./ Moench) u Gorskome kotaru

The paper presents vegetation research of grey alder stands (Alnus incana /L./ Moench) along the beds of the rivers Kupa, Kupica, Čabranka and Belica in Gorski kotar. The standard Central European phytosociological method was used to record and analyze eight phytosociological relevés from 2010. Research results revealed that it was the association of grey alder with deadnettle, Lamio orvalae-Alnetum incanae, recently recorded in the west of Slovenia (DAKSKOBLER, 2007, 2010). Growing under similar ecological conditions and containing common diagnostic species as the Slovenian stands, the stands in Gorski kotar are characterized by the abundant presence of Helleborus dumetorum. For this reason, they have been classified as a new geographic variant of the above mentioned association.U radu su prikazana vegetacijska istraživanja sastojina bijele johe (Alnus incana /L./ Moench) uz korita rijeka Kupe, Kupice, Čabranke i Belice u Gorskome kotaru. Pri tome je korištena standardna srednjoeuropska fitocenološka metoda kojom je snimljeno i analizirano osam fitocenoloških snimki iz 2010. godine. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da se radi o asocijaciji bijele johe s mrtvom koprivom Lamio orvalae-Alnetum incanae, nedavno ustanovljenoj u zapadnoj Sloveniji (DAKSKOBLER, 2007, 2010). Uz slične ekološke uvjete i zajedničke dijagnostičke vrste, sastojine iz Gorskog kotara odlikuju se obilnom nazočnošću vrste Helleborus dumetorum, pa su izdvojene kao nova geografska varijanta spomenute asocijacije

Monetary Integration in Europe in the Function of Fostering International Business

Through joining the European Economic and Monetary Union a heterogeneous influence of member states cannot be avoided but all countries follow the logic of the economic benefits of unification. Besides reducing transaction costs, greater transparency in prices and the elimination of the uncertainty of exchange rate fluctuations, there is a great impact of open borders on increasing trade between member states. Therefore in this article we will analyze the Andrew Rose effect which estimated that countries with same currency trade over three times as much with each other as countries with different currencies. Through objective and systematic analysis we well conclude that the positive effect of monetary integration on increasing of international trade should be carried out in absolute and relative terms. This work is licensed under a&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</p

TESTING THE ATTITUDE TOWARD THE USE OF E-COMMERCE BASED ON THE CUSTOMER’S EDUCATIONAL LEVEL: THE CASE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

The subject of this paper is to examine to what extent and in which way educational level influences the use of e-commerce in the Republic of Serbia, as well as, in part, to examine customer satisfaction with e-commerce. The main objective of this paper is to determine the level of customer use of e-commerce depending on their educational level, as well as to spot the areas which need to be improved in order to increase the degree of use of e-commerce in the Republic of Serbia. For the purposes of sorting and grouping the data in this study the statistical method has been used. All collected data were processed in the statistical software SPSS (descriptive and parametric analyses were used, as well as comparison of mean values, correlation and regression). Based on the results of the tests conducted it is to conclude that the respondents generally use e-commerce in Serbia on a small scale and that other technological advances are accepted to a greater extent than e-commerce. The respondents have very low confidence while using e-commerce. One of the reasons for such a situation is the fear of possible abuses or the fear that e-commerce is insecure. Therefore, in order to increase e-commerce in Serbia, one of the priorities should be work on increasing the security of participants in e-commerce to reduce the possible abuses. From the research a conclusion can be drawn that the level of education significantly affects the use of e-commerce in Serbia and that it should be constantly worked on raising the educational level of the citizens in order for them to be able to properly use the advantages that e-commerce offers

Development of polytoxicomania in function of defense from psychoticism

Introduction. Polytoxicomanic proportions in subpopulations of youth have been growing steadily in recent decades, and this trend is pan-continental. Psychoticism is a psychological construct that assumes special basic dimensions of personality disintegration and cognitive functions. Psychoticism may, in general, be the basis of pathological functioning of youth and influence the patterns of thought, feelings and actions that cause dysfunction. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of basic dimensions of psychoticism for commitment of youth to abuse psychoactive substances (PAS) in order to reduce disturbing intrapsychic experiences or manifestation of psychotic symptoms. Methods. For the purpose of this study, two groups of respondents were formed, balanced by age, gender and family structure of origin (at least one parent alive). The study applied a DELTA-9 instrument for assessment of cognitive disintegration in function of establishing psychoticism and its operationalization. The obtained results were statistically analyzed. From the parameters of descriptive statistics, the arithmetic mean was calculated with measures of dispersion. A cross-tabular analysis of variables tested was performed, as well as statistical significance with Pearson’s χ2-test, and analysis of variance. Results. Age structure and gender are approximately represented in the group of polytoximaniacs and the control group. Testing did not confirm the statistically significant difference (p&gt;0.5). Statistical methodology established that they significantly differed in most variables of psychoticism, polytoxicomaniacs compared with a control group of respondents. Testing confirmed a high statistical significance of differences of variables of psychoticism in the group of respondents for p&lt;0.001 to p&lt;0.01. Conclusion. A statistically significant representation of the dimension of psychoticism in the polytoxicomaniac group was established. The presence of factors concerning common executive dysfunction was emphasized

Prestige and national identity as predictors of food products purchase

In modern living conditions, consumers have access to a greater offer of food products than ever before. In addition to local food products, the growth of foreign food products is noticeable, which significantly intensifies competition in this sector. The paper analyzes whether and how national identity and prestige affect the assessment of local food products and whether this assessment affects readiness to buy them. The research objective is to show whether national identity influences the purchase of local food products among consumers in Serbia, and whether prestige is important for the purchase process, as is the case with other product categories. The main research results indicate that the prestige factor has an impact on the assessment of both local and foreign food products, while the national identity factor has an impact only on local food product assessment. Also, research results indicate that food product assessment has an impact on the purchase of both local and foreign food products

Brand i karakteristike potrošača kao pokretača ponašanja prema globalnim i lokalnim brandovima

The main purpose of this research is to determine influence of brand and consumer characteristics on consumers` behaviour regarding purchase of global and local brands. Starting from Theory of planned behaviour and Theory of social identity several antecedents of consumers` attitudes were researched in proposed model- quality of brands, prestige, ethnocentrism and materialism. For this purpose, sample comprising of 329 respondents was collected. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the validity of the model and structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to determine relationships between variables. Empirical research has shown that the factors of quality of local brands and ethnocentrism have a positive and statistically significant effect on the consumers` attitudes towards the local brands. On the other side, brand quality, prestige and materialism have a positive effect on the attitudes of consumers towards global brands, whereas ethnocentrism has a negative effect on attitudes towards this type of brands. In addition, research has shown that the attitudes have positive influence on consumers` behavioural intentions regarding purchase of both local and global brands and that consumers` intentions have positive effect on actual purchase of both types of brands. The main finding of the paper implies that the characteristics of consumers and brands influence consumer behaviour in terms of purchasing aforementioned types of brands. The conducted research has a scientific and practical contribution in terms of obtaining information about the factors that influence the consumers` decisions regarding the purchase of both local and global brands.Glavna svrha ovog istraživanja je utvrditi kako utjecaj branda i karakteristika potrošača na ponašanje potrošača pri odabiru globalnih i lokalnih brandova. Polazeći od teorije planiranog ponašanja i teorije društvenog identiteta, istraženo je nekoliko preduvjeta stavova potrošača u predloženom modelu – kvaliteta robnih marki, prestiž, etnocentrizam i materijalizam. U tu svrhu prikupljeno je 329 ispitanika. Konfirmatorna faktorska analiza korištena je za testiranje valjanosti modela i modeliranje strukturalne jednadžbe (SEM) za određivanje odnosa između varijabli. Empirijska istraživanja pokazala su da čimbenici kvalitete lokalnih brandova i etnocentrizma imaju pozitivan i statistički značajan utjecaj na stavove potrošača prema lokalnim brandovima. S druge strane, kvaliteta robne marke, prestiž i materijalizam imaju pozitivan učinak na stavove potrošača prema globalnim brandovima, dok etnocentrizam negativno utječe na stavove prema ovakvim vrstama marki. Nadalje, istraživanje je pokazalo da stavovi imaju pozitivan utjecaj na bihevioralnu namjeru potrošača u vezi s kupnjom lokalnih i svjetskih marki te da namjere potrošača imaju pozitivan učinak na stvarnu kupnju obje vrste marki. Glavni nalaz ovog istraživanja upućuje na to da karakteristike potrošača i marki utječu na ponašanje potrošača u smislu nabave gore spomenutih vrsta marki. Provedeno istraživanje ima znanstveni i praktičan doprinos u prikupljenim informacijama o čimbenicima koji utječu na odluke potrošača o kupnji lokalnih i svjetskih marki

TESTING THE ATTITUDE TOWARD THE USE OF E-COMMERCE BASED ON THE CUSTOMER’S EDUCATIONAL LEVEL: THE CASE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

The subject of this paper is to examine to what extent and in which way educational level influences the use of e-commerce in the Republic of Serbia, as well as, in part, to examine customer satisfaction with e-commerce. The main objective of this paper is to determine the level of customer use of e-commerce depending on their educational level, as well as to spot the areas which need to be improved in order to increase the degree of use of e-commerce in the Republic of Serbia. For the purposes of sorting and grouping the data in this study the statistical method has been used. All collected data were processed in the statistical software SPSS (descriptive and parametric analyses were used, as well as comparison of mean values, correlation and regression). Based on the results of the tests conducted it is to conclude that the respondents generally use e-commerce in Serbia on a small scale and that other technological advances are accepted to a greater extent than e-commerce. The respondents have very low confidence while using e-commerce. One of the reasons for such a situation is the fear of possible abuses or the fear that e-commerce is insecure. Therefore, in order to increase e-commerce in Serbia, one of the priorities should be work on increasing the security of participants in e-commerce to reduce the possible abuses. From the research a conclusion can be drawn that the level of education significantly affects the use of e-commerce in Serbia and that it should be constantly worked on raising the educational level of the citizens in order for them to be able to properly use the advantages that e-commerce offers

The Relationship Between Sociosexuality and Sensation Seeking

Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi postoji li povezanost između konstukata traženje uzbuđenja i socioseksualnost i to primjenom Skale za traženje uzbuđenja (Zuckerman 1994) i Upitnika socioseksualne orijentacije (Simpson i Gangestad, 1991). U istraživanju su sudjelovali studenti Filozofskog fakulteta u Osijeku (N=105). Hipoteze su temeljene na teorijama koje objašnjavaju konstrukte te rezultatima prijašnjih istraživanja. Prva hipoteza, da postoji razlika između muškaraca i žena u socioseksualnosti i traženju uzbuđenja djelomično je potvrdjena. Naime, razlika postoji samo za konstrukt socioseksualnosti, no ne i u traženju uzbudjenja. Pearsonovim koeficijentom korelacije djelomično je potvrđena i druga hipoteza o pozitivnoj povezanosti između socioseksualnosti i traženja uzbuđenja kod oba spola, međutim ta je povezanost utvrđena samo za žene. Dodatnom statističkom provjerom dobiveno je i da je najznačajniji prediktor socioseksualnosti subskala dezinhibicija, i kod muškaraca i kod žena ,što je također u skladu s prijašnjim istraživanjima.The pupose of this study was to examine the relationship between sensation seeking construct and sociosexuality, by applying Sensation Seeking Scale (Zuckerman, 1994) and Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (Simpson i Gangestad, 1991). The study involved students of Faculty of Philosophy in Osijek (N=105). Hypotheses were formed based on underlying theories and results of previous research. First hypothesis expecting the difference in sociosexuality and sensation seeking between man and woman is partialy confirmed. Namely, there are no differences between man and women on Sensation Seeking Scale, but there is significant difference on Sociosexual Orientation Inventory. By using Pearson’s correlation coefficient second hypothesis expecting positive correlation between the two constructs for both sexes, is partially confirmed - there is positive correlation between constructs only for women. While conducting additional statistical check, it was found that sociosexuality can be best predicted with the sub-scale disinhibition, which confirms results of previous research

Spatial fragmentisers in Russian language in comparison with Serbian Пространственные фрагментизаторы в русском языке в сопоставлении с сербским

Предмет овог дисертационог истраживања чини контрастивни опис подсистема именица са просторним значењем, које су обухваћене термином просторни фрагментизатори (у даљем тексту ПФ), као једне од семантичких структура за изражавање просторних односа у руском језику у поређењу са српским. Према предложеној дефиницији, под просторним фрагментизаторима се подразумевају речи и изрази, који означавају део неког унутрашњег или спољашњег простора, а који сами не могу бити релативно самостални простор, већ су фрагменти неке просторне целине. Издвојене су једночлане и двочлане јединице овог подсистема. Једночлани ПФ у руском језику јесу близь, близость, бок, верх, верхушка, вершина, внутренность, высь, глубина, глубь, даль, дно, зад, изнанка, край, конец, лицо, начало, низ, перёд, периферия и други, а у српском језику вис, висина, даљина, дно, дубина, зачеље, залеђе, ивица, крај, лице, наличје, периферија и сл. Они чине основ овог подсистема и њиховој парадигматици и синтагматици се посвећује највише пажње. Двочлани ПФ су представљени синтагмама верхняя поверхность, внутренняя сторона, нижняя часть и другим именичким синтагмама које у свом саставу имају именице часть, сторона, поверхность и просторне придеве внутренний, внешний, передний, задний, боковой, лицевой, изнаночный, левый, правый, тыльный и други. У српском језику њима одговарају горња површина, унутрашња страна, доњи део и њима сличне синтагме са именицама део, страна и површина и просторним придевима предњи, задњи, унутрашњи, спољашњи, бочни, леви, десни и други...This research dissertation focuses on the contrasting description of the subsystem of nouns with spatial meaning, which shall be defined by the term spatial fragmentisers (hereinafter: SF), as a form of semantic structure for expressing spatial relations in the Russian language compared to Serbian. The spatial fragmentisers shall mean words and expressions, which signify a part of some interior or exterior space, which individually cannot represent rather independent space, yet are fragments of some spatial entity. One-constituent and two-constituent units of this system have been selected. One-constituent SFs of Russian language are близь, близость, бок, верх, верхушка, вершина, внутренность, высь, глубина, глубь, даль, дно, зад, изнанка, край, конец, лицо, начало, низ, перёд, периферия and other, and in Serbian there are вис, висина, даљина, дно, дубина, зачеље, залеђе, ивица, крај, лице, наличје, периферија, and other. They form the foundation of this subsystem and their paradigmatics and syntagmatics shall receive the most of the focus. Two-constituent SFs are described by syntagms верхняя поверхность, внутренняя сторона, нижняя часть and other noun syntagms that are composed of nouns such as часть, сторона, поверхность and spatial adjectives внутренний, внешний, передний, задний, боковой, лицевой, изнаночный, левый, правый, тыльный and other. In Serbian these are corresponded by горња површина, унутрашња страна, доњи део and similar syntagms such as део, страна and површина and spatial adjectives предњи, задњи, унутрашњи, спољашњи, бочни, леви, десни and other..