Contralateral suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in children with phonological disorder

Background: Perception of acoustic details in the speech signal is important for speech sound development. The medial olivocochlear pathway, a part of the auditory efferent system, plays a role in stimulus-related control of the cochlea. One clinical tool to evaluate the medial olivocochlear activity, which is thought to improve speech perception in noise, is the suppression of otoacoustic emissions. Aims: This study investigated the suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in children with phonological disorder in comparison with that in typically developing controls. Study Design: Case-control study. Methods: A total of 23 children with phonological disorder (aged 5-10 years) and 21 age- and sex-matched controls (P > 0.05) participated in the study. Participants had pure-tone thresholds ? 15 dB hearing loss and normal middle ear functions. Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions with and without contralateral acoustic stimulation were measured. Results: Although the mean transient evoked otoacoustic emissions suppressions were lower in the group with phonological disorder than in the controls, these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). No left/right ear asymmetry of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions suppression was detected in either of the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Children with phonological disorder did not show alterations in medial olivocochlear functioning in the medial olivocochlear activity as measured by the contralateral suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions

A strategy based on the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of cadmium in environmental samples prior to ıts determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

This work has been supported by the Scientific Research Projects of Karadeniz Technical University (Project no: 1223), Turkey.A simple method was developed by combining dispersive liquid-liquid microexraction (DLLME) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). For the pre-concentration of trace amounts of cadmium, a new complexation chelate of 2-[(4-phenylpiperazine-5-Thioxo- 4,5-dihydro-1 ,3,4-oxadiazole-2- yl)methyl]-5-methyl-4-[2-(1H-indol e-3-yl)ethyl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1, 2,4-Triazole-3-one (PPTOMDT) was used and mixed with the solvents of chloroform and methanol. The mixture of the extraction solutions was then directly injected into an aqueous solution containing Cd2+ ions. After centrifugation, the settled phase was diluted with 500 mu L of ethanol/nitric acid and aspirated into the FAAS. The limit of detection (LOD) was found at 0.69 mu g L-1 under optimum conditions. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for 15 replicates at a 3.75 mu g L-1 Cd2+ concentration level was 3.21%. The calibration plot was linear within the range of 2.5-15 mu g L-1 of Cd2+. After the analytical characteristics were determined, the CRM-TMDW-500 Drinking Water and CRM-SA-C Sandy Soil C, both certified reference materials, were analyzed in order to validate the method. The application of the DLLME method has been successfully tested for the determination of cadmium in solid and liquid samples. The recoveries of the spiked sample ranged between 92-96%

Periodontal fenotip ve klinik önemi

Günümüzde, diş hekimliğinde estetik tedavilerin planlanmasında birçok faktörün değerlendirilmesi tedavi sonuçlarını büyük ölçüde etkilemektedir. Değerlen dirilmesi gereken bu faktörlerden en önemlileri dişleri çevreleyen sert ve yumuşak dokulardır (1). Periodontal fenotip, gingival biyotip, gingival morfoloji gibi literatürde yakın zamana kadar tam olarak tanımlanmayan bazı terminolojiler bulunmaktadır. Biyotip teriminin tanımı spesifik genotipe sahip organlar grubu olarak yapılırken, fenotip terimi, genetik özelliklere ek olarak çevresel faktörleri ve birbirlerine olan etki sonuçlarını dolayısıyla biyotip terimini de içine almaktadır (2). “Diş eti biyotipi” bukko-lingual olarak diş eti kalınlığını tanımlamak için kullanılırken, “periodontal fenotip”, “periodontal morfotip”, “diş eti morfotipi” ve “diş eti fenotipi” terimleri yalnızca diş eti kalınlığı ve keratinize doku genişliğindeki değişiklikleri değil aynı zamanda alveoler kemik morfotipleri, diş şekil ve formları gibi başkaca özellikleri de ifade etmektedir (1,3,4,5,6). Periodontal ve Peri-implant Hastalıklar ve Durumların Sınıflandırılması Dün ya Çalıştayında (2017) “periodontal fenotip” teriminin kullanılması ve benimsen mesi önerilmiştir (7). Bu tanımlamaya göre periodontal fenotip; diş eti kalınlığı, keratinize doku genişliği ve alveoler kemik kalınlığını içeren bir yapıdır.No sponso

The Relationship Between the Mandibular Bone Quality Assessed by Digital Panoramic Radiography and Serum Biological Parameters in Patients Planning Dental Implant Surgery

Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone density of the implant site with panoramic radiomorphometric indices [mandibular cortical index (MCI), mental index (MI)] and to investigate the relationship between bone density and vitamin D, HDL, LDL. Materials and method: Forty patients with mandibular first molar or second molar tooth deficiency who underwent implant surgery planning were included. Blood samples and panoramic MCI and MI were used to evaluate mandibular bone density. Results: There was a significant weak positive correlation between MI and Vitamin D and LDL (r = 0.329, p = 0.038; r = 0.341, p = 0.031). Vitamin D, LDL and HDL measurements were not statistically different between MCI groups (p=0.100, p=0.119, p=0.840, respectively). Conclusions: Vitamin D may be important in addition to radiographic and clinical parameters, and patients should be evaluated in this respect. Further studies are needed to include more patients investigating the relationship between vitamin D and bone quality. Keywords: dental implants, bone remodeling, vitamin D, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol Özet Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, panoramik radyomorfometrik indeksler [mandibular kortikal indeks (MKI), mental indeks (MI)] kullanılarak implant bölgelerinde kemik densitesini değerlendirmek ve kemik densitesi ile D vitamini, HDL ve LDL arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya mandibular birinci molar veya ikinci molar diş eksikliği olup implant cerrahisi planlanan 40 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Mandibular kemik densitesini değerlendirmek için kan örnekleri ve panoramik MKI ve MI kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: MI ile D vitamini ve LDL arasında anlamlı zayıf pozitif korelasyon bulunmuştur (r = 0.329, p = 0.038; r = 0.341, p = 0.031). MKI grupları arasında D vitamini, LDL ve HDL değerleri bakımından istatistiksel olarak fark bulunamamıştır (sırasıyla p = 0.100, p = 0.119, p = 0.840). Sonuçlar: D vitamini klinik ve radyolojik parametrelere ek olarak önemli bir faktör olabilmektedir ve hastalar bu açıdan değerlendirilmelidir. D vitamini ile kemik kalitesi arasındaki ilişkiyi araştıran daha çok sayıda hastanın dahil edildiği çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Anahtar Kelimeler: diş implantları, kemiğin yeniden şekillendirilmesi, vitamin D, HDL kolesterol, LDL kolestero

Analysis of proliferative activity in oral gingival epithelium in immunosuppressive medication induced gingival overgrowth

BACKGROUND: Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is a frequent adverse effect associated principally with administration of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A and also certain antiepileptic and antihypertensive drugs. It is characterized by a marked increase in the thickness of the epithelial layer and accumulation of excessive amounts of connective tissue. The mechanism by which the drugs cause gingival overgrowth is not yet understood. The purpose of this study was to compare proliferative activity of normal human gingiva and in cyclosporine A-induced gingival overgrowth. METHODS: Gingival samples were collected from 12 generally healthy individuals and 22 Cyclosporin A-medicated renal transplant recipients. Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen was evaluated in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded gingival samples using an immunoperoxidase technique and a monoclonal antibody for this antigen. RESULTS: There were differences between the Cyclosporin A group and control group in regard to proliferating cell nuclear antigen and epithelial thickness. In addition, the degree of stromal inflammation was higher in the Cyclosporin A group when compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the increased epithelial thickness observed in Cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth is associated with increased proliferative activity in keratinocytes

Expression of caspase-3, p53 and Bcl-2 in generalized aggressive periodontitis

BACKGROUND: Apoptosis, or programmed cell death is a form of physiological cell death. It is increased or decreased in the presence of infection, inflammation or tissue remodelling. Previous studies suggest that apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical features and known indicators of apoptosis (p53, Bcl-2, Caspase-3) in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) METHODS: Eight patients with GAP, who had sites with probing depths (PD) > 5 mm, and 10 periodontally-healthy persons were included in the study. Clinical examinations and PD were performed, and the plaque index and gingival index were recorded. Gingival tissues biopsies were obtained from active site of each patient and from healthy individuals. The expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2, and p53 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry RESULTS: There were no significant differences between GAP and control group with respect to levels of caspase-3 and p53 expression (P > 0.05). Contrary, the frequency of grade 3 expression of Bcl-2 was higher in GAP group than the control group. CONCLUSION: The higher frequency of Bcl-2 expression in GAP group indicates and delayed apoptosis can lead to increasing resident inflammatory cells in periodontal tissues and resulting in progressive periodontal destruction