Exploring managerial insights through multi criteria decision making techniques in pharmacy inventory classification problem

The current research addresses the inventory classification problem of community pharmacies, which have a dual role as both a vital component of the pharmaceutical supply chain and a typical retail store. Despite the existing literature indicating that pharmacists may lack knowledge on inventory management, it seems that the MCIC literature is weak in explaining how pharmacists can benefit from MCDA techniques in all aspects. To bridge this gap, the study aims to demonstrate that pharmacists can utilize MCDA techniques to gain deeper insights beyond mere classification in the context of inventory management. Real-world data from a community pharmacy in Turkey was classified using the EDAS method. Sensitivity analysis was performed for MCDA inputs, about which pharmacists may lack information. Scenario findings based on criterion weights and threshold values offer important managerial implications for pharmacists. This study provides a critical contribution to the literature on inventory management in community pharmacies by highlighting the potential of MCDA techniques to support decision-making beyond mere classification. The sensitivity analysis also sheds light on areas where pharmacists may lack knowledge and suggests ways to address these gaps. Overall, the study underscores the need for pharmacists to have a deeper understanding of inventory management and highlights the potential benefits of MCDA techniques in addressing this challenge

İlaca Bağlı Olarak Çene Kemiklerinde Görülen Osteonekroz (MRONJ)

Bifosfonatlar kemik metastazı ile tümör ve hiperkalsemi vakalarında yaşam standartlarını geliştirmek açısından kullanılan ilaçlardır. Bu ilaçlar için en tehlikeli yan etki olarak da osteonekroza sebebiyet verme riskinden bahsedilebilir. Bifosfonata bağlı olarak oluşan bu osteonekroz, ilk olarak 2002 yılında Marx ve Stern tarafından bifosfonat kullanan hastaların bir kısmında ağız içinde ortaya çıkan, iyileşmeyen, üstü mukoza ile örtülü olmayan ekspoze osteonekrotik kemik alanlarının varlığını farketmeleri ile teşhis edilmiştir.Bifosfonatların kullanımına bağlı olarak çene kemiklerinde görülen bu osteonekroz lsquo%253BBisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw kelimelerinin baş harflerinin birleştirilmesinden oluşan BRONJ terimi olarak literatüre geçmiştir. Ancak yıllar içinde bu konuda hasta üzerinde yapılan çalışma ve araştırmalar artmış olup bu çeşit bir osteonekroza sadece bifosfonat türevi ilaçların değil%253B RANKL inhibitörü olan denosumab gibi kemoterapötik ilaçlar ve türevlerinin de sebep olduğu ortaya konmuştur. 2014 yılında lsquo%253BAmerikan Oral ve Maksillofasiyal Cerrahi Derneği (lsquo%253Blsquo%253BAmerican Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS)) terimsel olarak değişikliğe gidilmesi gerekliliği nedeniyle ilaca bağlı olarak çene kemiklerinde görülen osteonekroz manasına gelen lsquo%253BMedication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw(MRONJ) olarak terimi güncellemiştir. Günümüzde MRONJ ile ilgili çalışmalar yoğun bir şekilde tüm dünyada devam etmektedir

The evaluation of the activities in secondary school english coursebooks in terms of critical, creative and reflective thinking skills

Üst düzey düşünme becerileri son zamanlarda birçok alanda önem kazanırken, eğitim alanında da bu becerilerin öğrencilere nasıl daha etkili kazandırılabileceği konuşulmaya, tartışılmaya, araştırılmaya ve sorgulanmaya başlandı. Bilgileri ezberlemenin insanı bir adım öteye götürmeyeceği anlaşılıp, bilgiyi kullanmanın, sorgulamanın, araştırmanın, eleştirmenin, kendimizi her daim revize etmenin gerekliliğinin farkına varıldığında, öğretim programlarında da eleştirel, yaratıcı ve yansıtıcı düşünme gibi terimler ya da bu düşünme becerilerinin gerektirdiği hedef davranışlar yer almaya başladı. Gerek ilköğretim gerekse ortaöğretim düzeyinde farklı derslerin öğretim programlarında bu üst düzey düşünme becerilerine yer verilmesine rağmen, öğrencilerin eleştiri yapabilme, araştırabilme, sorgulayabilme, yeni fikirler ortaya atabilme, öz düzenleme yapabilme gibi beceriler bakımından yetersiz olduğu görülmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, öğrencilerde görülen bu eksikliklerden yola çıkarak Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı devlet okullarında ortaöğretim 9., 10., 11. Ve 12. Sınıf İngilizce Ders Kitaplarında öğrencilere üst düzey düşünme becerilerinden eleştirel, yansıtıcı ve yaratıcı düşünme becerilerini kazandırmaya yönelik etkinliklerin var olup olmadığını ve bu etkinliklerin düşünme becerilerini ne ölçüde kazandırdığını incelemektir. Bu sınıf düzeylerindeki İngilizce Ders kitapları araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan kontrol listesi ile incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, nitel araştırma çözümle yöntemlerinden betimsel analiz ve içerik çözümlemesi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Düşünme becerileri bakımından incelenen olan 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılı içerisinde 9., 10., 11. Ve 12. Sınıf düzeylerinde kullanılacak olan ve MEB tarafından hazırlanan ders kitaplarını seçerken amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalarda daha çok öğretim programlarına ve öğretmen görüşlerine yer verilmesi ve ortaöğretim İngilizce ders kitaplarının üst düzey düşünme becerilerine ilişkin etkinlikleri ne ölçüde içerdiğine dair herhangi bir çalışmaya rastlanmamış olması yönüyle bu araştırma önem taşımaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarının, öğrencilerin üst düzey düşünme becerilerini geliştirmenin yanı sıra, onları ileride atılacakları hayatta sahip olmaları beklenen becerilere de sahip olmalarını sağlayacak etkinliklerin ders kitaplarında nasıl daha etkili verilebileceğine katkısı olacağı düşünülmektedir. İlgili kitapların incelenmesi sonucunda, bu kitapların eleştirel ve yaratıcı düşünme becerilerini kazandırma bakımından yetersiz olduğu görülürken, yansıtıcı düşünme becerilerine neredeyse hiç yer verilmediği de saptanmıştır. İlgili kitaplarda eleştirel düşünmeyi geliştirmek için tartışma etkinliklerine yer verilirken, öğrencilerin analiz yapabilme, çıkarımda bulunabilme, değerlendirme yapabilme ve bir problem durumuna farklı bakış açılarıyla bakabilme gibi becerilerinin geliştirilmesine yeterince önem verilmediği görülmektedir. Yaratıcı düşünme becerilerinden poster, afiş, kartpostal hazırlama, mektup, e-posta ve slogan yazma gibi özgün ürünler ortaya koymayı hedefleyen etkinliklere rastlanırken, yaratıcı drama, özgün fikir ortaya koyma gibi etkinliklere çok yetersiz miktarda yer verildiği görülmüştür. Yansıtıcı düşünme becerilerinin ise kitaplarda en çok ihmal edilen beceri olduğu ve öz değerlendirme ile akran değerlendirme etkinlikleri dışında öğrencilerin yansıtıcı düşünmelerini sağlayacak hiçbir etkinliğe yer verilmediği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, ders kitaplarında öğrencilerin üst düzey düşünme becerileirni geliştirmeye yönelik etkinliklere daha fazla yer verilmesi gerektiği ve hiçbir üst düzey düşünme becerisinin ihmal edilmemesi gerektiği de öneriler arasında yer almaktadır.As thinking skills have been gaining more importance in many areas recently, it has started to be talked about, discussed, researched and questioned how these thinking skills can be taught students in a more efficient way in the field of education as well. Since it was understood that memorizing things would not take people one step further and realised that it was necessary to use, question, research and criticize the knowledge that we have and reflect on ourselves all the time, terms such as critical thinking, creative thinking and reflective thinking and the target behaviours related to these thinking skills have begun to take place in the curriculum. It has been seen that students have lack of ability to criticize, research, question, create new ideas and reflect on themselves although these thinking skills are included in the curriculum of different lessons at both primary school, secondary school and high school levels. The aim of this study is to analyze whether or not in English coursebooks published by the Ministry of National Education for the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grades there are activities that provide students with critical thinking, creative thinking and reflective thinking skills and evaluate to what extent they help students gain these thinking skills. English coursebooks at these grade levels will be examined with a rubric prepared by the researcher. The data collected by the researcher will be analyzed using content analysis which is a qualitative research technique. The coursebooks to be examined, 9th, 10th , 11th, and 12th grades that are published by Ministry of National Education for 2020-2021 Academic Year are chosen purposively. This study is significant as it will analyze the Secondary School English coursebooks in terms of higher order thinking skills and there is no previous research that analyzes the secondary school English coursebooks in terms of thinking skills even though there are some studies based on the curriculum or the teachers’ views. It is believed that the findings of this research can contribute to the commission of writing and evaluating coursebooks during the process of coursebooks preparation and provide students with skills which are expected to have in their future life as well. At the end of the evaluation of the related books, it was seen that critical and creative thinking skills are rare in the coursebooks while the reflective thinking skills are largely neglected. While discussion activities are included in the related books to develop critical thinking, it is seen that not enough importance is given to the development of students' skills such as analyzing, making inferences, evaluating and looking at a problem situation from different perspectives. While there are activities that aim to produce original products such as preparing posters, banners, postcards, writing letters, e-mails and slogans among creative thinking skills, it has been observed that activities such as creative drama and putting forth original ideas are given a very insufficient amount of space. It has been determined that reflective thinking skills are the most neglected skills in the books, and there are no activities that will enable students to think reflectively, except for self-assessment and peer assessment activities. As a result of the research, it is also among the suggestions that the course books should include more activities to develop students' higher order thinking skills and that no higher order thinking skills should be neglected

Energy consumption of a day-occupied building utilizing phase changing material incorporating gypsum boards

In the architecture, engineering and construction industry, there is an urgent need for a shift to low-energy, sustainable buildings to address the environmental concerns, increase occupant comfort demands and lower the operational cost of buildings. In this direction, one of the most effective technologies is using PCM’s (phase change materials) as part of building envelopes. PCMs can increase building performance by increasing the thermal storing capacity of buildings by decreasing the heat transfer between buildings and outdoor environment during both hot and cold seasons. In this work, the results of a simulation-based study of a test building with gypsum wall boards with micro-capsulated PCMs are presented. An energy model of a day-occupied office building in Izmir is developed, and a second model instance is generated that makes use of PCMs with different melting points. A comparative assessment is made to analyze the impact of PCMs on energy performance and carbon footprint. The main target is the identification of most suitable phase change material with referring melting temperature and latent heat capacity according to the climate conditions. Results point out the positive effects of phase change materials on energy performance and carbon footprint of a simple day-occupied office building

Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (VNOTES) total retroperitoneal sentinel lymph node biopsy for an endometrial cancer patient with prior colon cancer surgery

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy. Although EC is surgically staged, sentinel lymph node biopsy has become more widely used and has been featured in recently published guidelines for EC

Design Studies of Axial Vircator for High Power Microwave Generation

This paper presents design and simulation results of the cylindrical axial virtual cathode oscillator which is frequently used to damage electronic equipment by generating High Power Microwaves (HPM). Simulations are performed in MAGIC Tool Suite which uses FDTD-PIC algorithm to solve particle beam and field interactions. During the design procedure, AK Gap is changed from 5 mm to 12 mm and the scaling law is verified by simulation results. 9 mm AK gap values are selected as the most suitable one when output power and frequency of radiated field are taken into consideration. Further investigations are made by using 9 mm AK value in simulation environment. Formation of the virtual cathode is confirmed by Pz vs. z phase space diagram. The mean of applied input voltage value and input power value are found as 87.76 kV and 246 MW, respectively. The peak power and the average power for the generated microwave at the output are also 6.3 MW and 1.8 MW. Thus, power conversion efficiency for both peak and average output power are obtained as 2.56% and 0.73%, respectively. Frequency of the radial and longitudinal components of the produced electric field at the output is 2.92 GHz. Waveguide mode at 2.92 GHz is inferred from radial field distributions of fields and the propagating mode is found as TM01 at 2.92 GHz, which verifies our prediction

Türk zeka ve strateji oyunu : Mangala

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2016.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by Öztürk, İbrahim Mert

An Augmented Reality Application for Computer Engineering Curriculum

Today, smart phones and tablet PCs have a huge application area due to their capabilities and ease of use. One of these application areas is education. Especially, supportive technologies have brought big innovations on teaching abstract concepts to the students. One of these technologies is Augmented Reality (AR) which moves graphic&animation usage one step towards. In this study, we shared our experiments on the usage of AR in computer engineering curriculum and presented the application that developed with using AR for supporting the abstract concepts of Discrete Mathematical Structures cours

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel bischalcone derivatives as potential anticancer agents

Building on our previous work that discovered chalcone as a promising pharmacophore for anticancer activity, we have various other chalcone derivatives and have synthesized a series of novel bischalcone to explore their anticancer activity. Among all tested compounds, compounds 6a, 6b, and 6c showed the highest antiproliferative activity against A-549 cancer cell lines with the average IC50 values of 4.18, 4.52, and 5.05 & micro;M, respectively. Moreover, compound 6c showed high antiproliferative activity against the Caco-2 cell line; thus, it was 2- and 4fold more active than the reference compounds, i.e., methotrexate and capecitabine. Compound 6a also induced cell-cycle arrest in the S phase, whereas compounds 6b and 6c were observed to stop at the G0/G1 phase. Thereafter, we evaluated that compound 6c also had the highest apoptosis/necrosis ratio than other compounds and the standard compound. The anticancer property of the 6c was also supported by molecular docking studies carried out on the EGFR and HER2 receptors. Overall, we expect that these compounds can be further developed for the potential treatment of lung cancer