Sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının öğretmenlik tutumları ile öğrenme ve ders çalışma stratejileri arasındaki ilişki

Ögretmen ögrencilerine ögrenim boyunca kullanacakları ögrenme stratejilerinin kazandırılmasından sorumlu olan kisidir. Ögretmen ögrencilerini bir birey olarak yetistirirken onlara kendi ögrenmelerine yön verebilecekleri ögrenme stratejilerini de kazandırmak zorundadır. Ancak ne yazık ki bu iki alanda yetersiz olan ögretmenlerimizin tekrar hizmet içi egitimden geçirilmeleri zor olabilmektedir. Bu açıdan daha sorunun baslamadıgı yerden, yani ögretmen adaylarını (egitim fakültesi ögrencileri) ele alarak, sorunu tespit etmeye ve ilerde gerekli tedbirlerin alınabilecegini varsayarak arastırmamızı ögretmen adayları üzerinde yaptık. Bu amaçla yola çıktıgımız arastırmamızda ‘Ögretmen Adaylarının Ögretmenlige karsı Tutumları ile Ögrenme ve Ders Çalısma stratejilerini uygulamaları arasındaki iliskiyi’ saptamaya çalıstık. Tarama modelli arastırmamızda Oktay Aydın’ın gelistirdigi Ögretmen tutumlarını ölçme envanteri ile arastırma sürecinde gelistirilen ‘Ögrenme ve Ders Çalısma Stratejilerini Ölçme Envanteri’ kullanılarak, her iki envanter arasındaki iliski saptanmaya çalısılmıstır. Ögrenme ve ders çalısma stratejilerini yineleme, anlamlandırma, örgütleme, anlamayı izleme ve duyussal stratejiler alt boyutlarında ele alarak gelistirilen ölçek formu, ögretmen tutumlarını ölçen ölçekle birlikte Marmara ve stanbul Üniversitesi lkögretim Sınıf Ögretmenligi Bölümü ögrencilerine uygulanmıstır. Öncelikle ögretmen tutumları, ögrenme ve ders çalısma stratejileri ayrı ayrı cinsiyet, ögrenim görülen sınıf, okul, bölümü isteyerek seçme, mezun olunan orta ögretim kurumu, akademik benlik algısı, meslegi isteyerek seçme ve bölümü tercih etme sırası degiskenlerine göre incelenmistir. Ardından tezimizin ana konusu olan ögretmen tutumları ile ögrenme ve ders çalısma stratejileri arasındaki iliski saptanmaya çalısılmıs, ögrenme stratejileri alt boyutunda yer alan yineleme ve duyussal stratejiler ile ögretmen tutumları arasında pozitif yönde kuvvetli iliski saptanmıstır. ABSTRACT Education is an essential phenomenon and teachers are responsible for their students gain the necessary learning strategies they will use throughout their education progress. Regarding this aspect, I made my survey on the teacher candidates in teacher training faculties; supposing that negative domains could be discovered beforehand and necessary precautions could be applied for improving teacher quality. In my survey model, using both of the following inventories; the evaluation inventory of teachers’ attitudes Oktay Aydın has built up and the evaluation inventory of the learning and studying strategies, the relation between the two inventories has been tried to be appointed. The evaluation form, developed considering the important elements of learning and studying strategies like rehearsal, elaboration, organisation, comprehension monitoring and affective strategies with the scale for evaluating teachers’ attitudes have been applied to students in teacher training faculties of Marmara and Istanbul Universities. Firstly, teachers’ attitudes and learning and studying strategies have been examined separately from the aspects of sex, grade, school, having chosen the department voluntarily or not, secondary schools they are graduated from and their sense of academic personality, choosing the job willingly and the order of the preferences for the department at university. Afterwards the subject of my thesis, ‘ the relation between the attitudes of candidates of teachers and learning and studying strategies’ has been tried to be determined. Consequently, a very strong relationship has been discovered between the elements of learning and studying strategies which are - rehearsal and affective strategies- and the teachers’ attitudes

Developing a Method Based on Multiplex Real-Time PCR for Rapid Detection of Some Trichophyton Species are Clinically İmportant

Bu çalışma çerçevesinde, insanların deri, saç ve tırnakları gibi vücut bölgelerinde dermatolojik anlamda patojen olan Trichophyton genusuna mensup olan 6 dermatofitin geleneksel kültürasyon yöntemlerine nazaran moleküler kapsamda çok daha hızlı ve doğru tanılaması amaçlanmıştır. Trichophyton genusuna ait olan; Trichophyton interdigitale, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton verrucosum ve Trichophyton violaceum türlerinin daha önce hiçbir bilimsel çalışmada olmayan, spesifik primer ve prob oligonükleotid genetik sekanslarının in silico formatta tasarlanması amaçlanmıştır. Dermatofit küflerinin her biri için ayrı ayrı; Aktin, ATP6, Beta-Tubulin, IGS-1, ITS-1, ITS-2, ITS-3, ITS-4, Kalmodulin, NTS, RPB-1, RPB-2 ve TEF-1α gibi barkod genleri ile varsa özgün başka bir gen bölgesine yönelik çalışmalar yapılması planlanmıştır. Trichophyton interdigitale için NTS, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, V Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton verrucosum ve Trichophyton violaceum türleri için ITS-1 ve Trichophyton rubrum için ITS-2 gen bölgelerini hedefleyen, maksimum seviyede özgünlüğe sahip ve hedef türlere spesifik olan primer ve prob dizileri, çeşitli veri tabanları kullanılarak in silico kapsamda tasarlanmış ve Multiplex Real-Time PCR reaksiyonları ile de tasarım sonuçlarının tam bir başarı ile çalıştığı tespit edilmiştir. Multiplex Real-Time PCR reaksiyonları ile hedef türlerin her biri için tespit limitleri ve analitik duyarlılıkları belirlenmiş, bilgileri bulunan referans bakteriyel ve fungal suşlar ile hedef türlerin her birinin çapraz reaksiyonlar vermediği tespit edilmiş ve filogenetik analizler hedef türlerin tamamı için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Geleneksel kültür ve biyokimyasal tanılama yöntemlerine nazaran çok daha doğru ve hızlı tanılama imkanı veren moleküler genetik yöntemler kapsamına giren bu çalışma ile dermatofitoz enfeksiyonu geçiren hastalardan alınan klinik materyallerde ilgili hedef dermatofitlerin bulunması durumunda, bu tez kapsamında türe özgü tasarlanan primer ve prob setleri kullanılarak klinisyenlere çok hızlı bir tanı koyma ve çok daha erken bir zaman diliminde tedaviye başlama imkanı sunulabileceği öngörülmektedir.This study aims to diagnose the 6 dermatophytes belonging to the Trichophyton genus, which is dermatologically pathogen, in human body parts such as skin, hair and nails, much faster and more accurately compared to traditional culture methods in a molecular scope. It is aimed to design ever first specific primary and probe oligonucleotide genetic sequences of Trichophyton interdigitale, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton verrucosum and Trichophyton violaceum species belonging to the Trichophyton genus, in silico format. It is planned to carry out separate studies for each dermatophyte mold on barcode genes as Actin, ATP6, Beta-Tubulin, IGS-1, ITS-1, ITS-2, ITS-3, ITS-4, Calmodulin, NTS, RPB-1, RPB-2 and TEF-1α together with, if any, another unique gene region. Primer and probe sequences which are specific to target species with maximum specificity level and target NTS gene regions for Trichophyton interdigitale, VII ITS-1 gene regions for Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton verrucosum and Trichophyton violaceum species and ITS-2 gene regions for Trichophyton rubrum are designed in silico by using various databases and with Multiplex Real-Time PCR reactions, it was determined that the design results work with full success. With Multiplex Real-Time PCR reactions, detection limits and analytical sensitivities were determined for each of the target species, it was determined that each of the reference bacterial and fungal strains and target species did not show cross reactions, and phylogenetic analyses were performed for all of the target species. Being one of the genetic methods providing much faster and more accurate diagnosis compared to traditional culture and biochemical diagnostic methods, this study will enable the clinicians to diagnose the patients with dermatophytosis infection much faster and start treatment at a much earlier time by using our species-specific designed primer and probe sets, if any target dermatophytes are available in the clinical materials taken from the concerned patients

Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Compounds in the Presence of Carbon Hybrid Supported Platinum Nanoparticles (Pt@CHs) in Oxygen Atmosphere

PubMed ID: 32214224A novel catalyst which carbon hybrid supported platinum nanoparticles were synthesized by our group for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol derivatives. In this study, this catalyst was utilized for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol derivatives to benzaldehyde compounds in aqueous toluene at 80 °C. The benzaldehyde derivatives were synthesized in high yields and mild conditions in the presence of the catalyst by the developed method. Additionally, the prepared nanoparticles have been characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), the high-resolution electron micrograph (HR-TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The mean particle size of the nanoparticles determined by the XRD technique was found to be 2.83 nm in parallel with TEM analysis. TEM analysis also indicated that the Pt nanoparticles were evenly dispersed on the support material. Finally, the Pt@CHs catalyst was shown also stable and reusable for the oxidation reaction, providing ?95% conversion after its 3rd consecutive use in the oxidation reaction of various compounds. © 2020, The Author(s)

Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris from Curved Root Canal Filling Removal Using 5 Nickel-Titanium Systems

Introduction: This study evaluated the amount of apically extruded debris in the retreatment of curved root canals using different nickel-titanium (NiTi) systems: the ProTaper Universal Retreatment (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), Mtwo Retreatment (VDW, Munich, Germany), D-Race Retreatment (FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland), R-Endo Re treatment (Micro-Mega, Besancon, France), and Reciproc (VDW) systems. Methods: One hundred human mandibular premolars with curved root canals were prepared with the Reciproc #25. 08 NiTi system filled with AN Plus Jet (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) sealer and gutta-percha and divided into 5 groups (n = 20). The canal filling was removed with the Pro Taper, Mtwo, D-Race, and R-Endo retreatment systems and Reciproc instruments. Final preparation was done with the Reciproc #40.06 NiTi system. Extruded debris was collected in preweighed Eppendorf tubes. The times required for retreatment were recorded. Results: Reciproc produced significantly (P <.001) more debris than the other systems. ProTaper R and Mtwo R produced significantly (P <.001) more debris than D-Race and R-Endo. The Reciproc group required significantly (P <.001) less preparation time than the other groups. Conclusions: In the retreatment of curved root canals, the Reciproc system extruded significantly more debris than the rotary retreatment NiTi systems. In addition, the ProTaper and Mtwo retreatment systems extruded significantly more debris than the R Endo and D -Race systems. The Reciproc system was significantly faster than the rotary retreatment systems

The effect of two rotary and two reciprocating NiTi systems on postoperative pain after root canal retreatment on single-rooted incisor teeth: A randomized controlled trial

Aim This randomized clinical trial aimed to assess the effect of two rotary (ProTaper Retreatment + ProTaper Gold and Hyflex EDM) and two reciprocating (Reciproc Blue and WaveOne Gold) NiTi systems on postoperative pain after root canal retreatment on single-rooted incisor teeth. Methodology One hundred and eighty patients scheduled for root canal retreatment were randomly assigned to one of the four groups according to the NiTi system (ProTaper Retreatment + ProTaper Gold, Hyflex EDM, Reciproc Blue or WaveOne Gold) used for the removal of root canal fillings and further canal preparation. The working length was determined to be 1 mm shorter than the '0.0' mark of the apex locator. Root canals were filled with gutta-percha and an epoxy resin-based root canal sealer using a lateral compaction technique. The teeth were restored using a resin composite material. A single operator performed the retreatments in a single visit. The incidence and intensity of postoperative pain were rated on a numeric rating scale by patients 24, 48 and 72 h after retreatment. The number of analgesic tablets (400 mg Ibuprofen) taken by patients was also recorded. Data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon and chi-square tests. Results For the intensity of postoperative pain, the difference between the four groups was not significantly different (p > .05). No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of analgesic medication intake (p > .05). Conclusions The rotary and reciprocating NiTi systems tested in this study were associated with similar intensity of postoperative pain and intake of analgesics following root canal retreatment on single-rooted incisor teeth completed in one visit