Variation of Spectral and Timing Properties in the Extended Burst Tails from the Magnetar 4U 0142+61

Extended emission episodes with intensity above the pre-burst level are observed following magnetar bursts from a number of soft gamma repeaters (SGRs) and anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs). Such extended tail emission were observed subsequent to two events detected from AXP 4U 0142+61. We investigated in detail the evolution of spectral and temporal properties during these two tail segments using RXTE/PCA observations, and report distinct variations both in the spectral and temporal behavior throughout the tails. In particular, sudden enhancement of pulsation amplitude in conjunction with bursts, and smooth decline of X-ray emission (cooling) during the tail were observed in both cases. We suggest that an inefficiently radiating trapped fireball formed during the burst, which can heat up the stellar surface, is able to explain the tail properties and its energetics. We also present the episodic detection of absorption and emission features during tails. One possible mechanism that has been proposed to give rise to such spectral lines is the proton/ion cyclotron resonance process which has been suggested to offer a valuable tool in probing the complex magnetic field of magnetars.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in Ap

The phytoremediation potential for strontium of indigenous plants growing in a mining area

This study investigated the distribution and accumulation of strontium (Sr) in the shoots and roots of Euphorbia macroclada (EU), Verbascum cheiranthifolium (VR), and Astragalus gummifer (AS), with respect to their potential use in phytoremediation. Plant samples and their associated soils were collected from the arid and semi-arid Keban mining area andwere analyzed inductively by ICP-MS for Sr. Mean Sr values in the shoots, roots and soil were, respectively, 453, 243 and 398mg kg−1 for E. macroclada; 149, 106 and 398mg kg−1 for V. cheiranthifolium; and 278, 223 and 469mgkg−1 for A. gummifer. The enrichment factors for root (ECR) and shoot (ECS) of these plants were lower than 1 or close to 1, except for the shoot of E. macroclada. The mean translocation factors (TLF) of these plants were higher than 1 and 2.08 for E. macroclada, 1.47 for V. cheiranthifolium, 1.18 for A. gummifer. It thus appeared that the shoots of these plants can be an efficient bioaccumulator plant for Sr and it can be used in cleaning or rehabilitating of the contaminated soil and areas by Sr because of their high translocation factors

Determining the Levels of Writing Travel Articles of Secondary School 7th Grade Students

In this study, it was aimed to develop a rubric to determine the travel writing levels of secondary school 7th grade students and to determine the students› travel writing skill levels. The descriptive scanning design of the quantitative model was adopted. It was decided to develop an analytical rubric because it serves to measure the sub-skills of each skill and can be presented as feedback to the students. The rubric consists of three dimensions: layout, spelling, and punctuation, language and expression, and 18 items. It consists of 4 levels 1 (improved), 2 (moderate), 3 (good), and 4 (very good). The study group of the research consists of 114 7th grade students. The students in the study group were asked to write a travel writing text in one class hour and the travel writings were evaluated by two experts using the travel writing rubric. The collected data were analyzed using the descriptive analysis technique. As a result of the research, it was determined that most of the students were at a good level in using titles, including observations and impressions, commenting on the places visited, giving place to their memories about the trip, and making descriptions and coherent writing in their travel writings. In addition, it was determined that the students did not compare the places they visited and the places they lived in their travel writings in terms of place and society, did not give information about the geographical and historical characteristics of the place visited, and did not talk about the traditions and customs of the place visited

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This study investigated selenium uptake and transport from the soil to 12 plant species in the mining area of Gumuskoy (Kutahya), Turkey. Plant samples and their associated soils were collected and analyzed for Se content by ICP-MS. Mean Se values in the soils, roots, and shoots of all plants were 0.9, 0.6, and 0.8 mg kg-1, respectively. The mean enrichment coefficients for roots (ECR) and shoots (ECS) of these plants were 0.78 and 0.97. The mean translocation factors (TLF) were 1.33. These values indicate that all 12 plant species had the ability to transfer Se from the roots to the shoot, but that transfer was more efficient in plants with higher ECR and ECS. Therefore, these plants may be useful in phytoremediation in rehabilitating areas contaminated by Se because their ECR, ECS and TLFs are[1

Bioaccumulation of uranium and thorium by lemna minor and lemna gibba in Pb-Zn-Ag tailing water

This study focused on the ability of Lemna minor and Lemna gibba to remove U and Th in the tailing water of Keban, Turkey. These plants were placed in tailing water and individually fed to the reactors designed for these plants. Water and plant samples were collected daily from the mining area. The plants were ashed at 300°C for 1 day and analyzed by ICP-MS for U and Th. U was accumulated as a function of time by these plants, and performances between 110 % and 483 % for L. gibba, and between 218 % and 1194 % for L. minor, were shown. The highest Th accumulations in L. minor and L. gibba were observed at 300 % and 600 % performances, respectively, on the second day of the experiment. This study indicated that both L. gibba and L. minor demonstrated a high ability to remove U and Th from tailing water polluted by trace elements

Wage and income problem in lower football leagues during the Covid-19 pandemic: Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde alt futbol liglerinde ücret ve gelir sorunsalı

The Covid-19 pandemic has exposed societies to extraordinary effects, like other pandemics in the World history that have dragged countries into crises in health, economy, social order and many aspects. Another major impact of this process which threatens human health was seen in the economic field. Weakness in the management of the process, the inability of the sectors to manage the change and crisis, the interruption of all national and international economic activities as a result of long bans and closures have caused a rapidly growing economic crisis. It has become inevitable to affect the sports sector in general, football sector in particular. Football leagues and championships in the World and in Turkey have been postponed and matches have been canceled one after another. Therefore, clubs could not obtain their basic income sources such as matchday revenues, ticket revenues, broadcasting revenues and their advertising and sponsorship relations were also damaged. In the lower leagues, which have a low market share in the football market, this economic crisis has manifested itself more severely. The deepest reflections of the economic problems experienced in the lower leagues which even have limited current income sources were seen in the football labor market. In this study, the pandemic experiences of the players in the lower leagues were discussed in terms of wage and income problems. The sample of the study consists of 11 football players who played football in the lower leagues during the pandemic process. In the study, “Semi-structured in-depth interview” which is a research technique specific to “Qualitative Method” was applied. The interviews were recorded on a voice recorder and transferred to the “Word” text. The relevant findings (texts) were subjected to content analysis and classified under 3 themes that reflect the main problematics of the subject: 1. Wages and loss of income, 2. Transfer relations, 3. Administrative problems. In general, the following conclusions emerge from the data of the study: Football players have left their receivables in the clubs and lost their income. The economic grievances experienced during the pandemic process have caused the football players to be unemployed or to quit football and change their profession. The increased corona test and health expenses of the clubs due to the pandemic were reflected against the players in the transfer relations. Administrative decisions taken by the clubs and the football federation have reduced the wages of the players. (Extended English summary is at the end of this document) Özet Covid-19 pandemisi, ülkeleri sağlık, ekonomi, sosyal düzen ve birçok açıdan krizlere sürükleyen dünya tarihindeki diğer salgınlar gibi toplumları olağanüstü çapta etkilere maruz bırakmıştır.  İnsan sağlığını tehdit eden bu sürecin diğer büyük etkisi de ekonomik alanda görülmüştür. Süreci yönetim zafiyetleri, sektörlerin yaşanan değişim ve krizi yönetmede yetersiz kalması, uzun süren yasaklar ve kapanmalar sonucu tüm ulusal ve uluslararası ekonomik faaliyetlerin sekteye uğraması hızla büyüyen bir ekonomik krize neden olmuştur. Bu sürecin genelde spor; özelde futbol sektörünü etkilemesi de kaçınılmaz hale gelmiştir. Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de futbol ligleri, şampiyonalar ertelenmiş, maçlar art arda iptal edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla kulüpler maç günü gelirleri, bilet gelirleri, yayın gelirleri gibi temel gelir kaynaklarını elde edememiş, beraberinde reklam ve sponsorluk ilişkileri de yara almıştır. Futbol piyasasında pazar payı düşük olan alt liglerde ise bu ekonomik kriz kendini daha şiddetli göstermiştir. Mevcut gelir kaynakları bile kısıtlı olan alt liglerde yaşanan ekonomik sıkıntıların en derin yansımaları ise futbol işgücü piyasasında görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, alt liglerdeki futbolcuların pandemi deneyimleri, ücret ve gelir sorunsalı açısından ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemi pandemi sürecinde alt liglerde futbol oynayan 11 futbolcudan oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada “Nitel Yöntem”e özgü bir araştırma tekniği olan “Yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşme” uygulanmıştır. Yapılan görüşmeler ses kayıt cihazına kaydedilmiş ve “Word” metnine aktarılmıştır. İlgili bulgular (metinler) içerik çözümlemesine tabi tutularak konuyla ilgili temel sorunsalları yansıtan 3 tema altında sınıflandırılmıştır: 1. Ücretler ve gelir kaybı, 2. Transfer ilişkileri, 3. Yönetsel sorunlar. Araştırmanın verilerinden genel olarak şu sonuçlar çıkmaktadır: futbolcuların kulüplerde alacakları kalmış ve gelir kaybına uğramışlardır. Pandemi sürecinde yaşanan ekonomik mağduriyetler futbolcuların işsiz kalmasına veya futbolculuğu bırakıp meslek değiştirmelerine sebep olmuştur. Kulüplerin pandemiden dolayı artan korona testi ve sağlık giderleri transfer ilişkilerinde futbolcuların aleyhine yansımıştır. Kulüplerin ve futbol federasyonun aldığı yönetsel kararlar futbolcuların ücretlerini düşürmüştür

Removal of Cr, Ni and Co in the water of chromium mining areas by using Lemna gibba L. and Lemna minor L.

This study investigated the use of Lemna gibba and Lemna minor plant species to absorb Cr, Ni and Co from Alacakaya mining area water. Lemna gibba and L. minor were separately placed to feed into two reactors. Water and plant samples were collected for eight consecutive days, and the pH, electric conductivity and temperature of the water were measured. The plants were washed, dried and burned at 3008C for 24 h in a drying oven. The samples were then analysed by ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy) for concentrations of Cr, Ni and Co, which were 1.2, 0.9 and 0.5 lg L21 respectively. On Day 8, the determined uptake of L. gibba and L. minor were: 196 and 398% for Cr; 307 and 1473% for Ni; and 166 and 223% for Co respectively. Lemna gibba and L. minor were thus effective in absorbing Cr, Ni and Co from mining water

Water-soluble phthalocyanines containing azo dye; microwave-assisted synthesis and photochemical properties of ZnPcs

Novel water-soluble metallophthalocyanines (M: Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) containing azo dye were characterized. The structures were confirmed by IR, UV/vis, 1 H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Photochemical properties and aggregation behavior of zinc phthalocyanines were investigated. Singlet oxygen quantum yields of the zinc phthalocyanines (2d, 3d, 5d, and 6d) were 0.8, 0.57, 0.71, and 0.46, respectively

Search for High-Energy Gamma-ray Emission from an Anomalous X-ray Pulsar, 4U 0142+61

Until 2004, Anomalous X-ray Pulsars (AXPs) were known as strong emitters of soft X-rays only (< 10 keV). The discovery of hard X-ray component from AXPs provided important insight about their emission properties while it posed a serious challenge to explain its origin. The physical mechanism of the hard emission component has still not been fully resolved. We investigate the high-energy gamma-ray properties of the brightest AXP, 4U 0142+61 using data collected with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope to establish the spectral behavior of the source on a very broad energy span and search for pulsed emission. Here, we present our results of detailed search for the persistent and pulsed high-energy gamma-ray emission from 4U 0142+61 which result in no significant detection. However, we obtain upper limits to the persistent high-energy gamma-ray emission flux which helps us to constrain existing physical models.Comment: Published in Ap