Płaszczyzny budowania zaufania do funduszy emerytalnych działających w Polsce

Celem artykułu jest analiza zaufania do otwartych funduszy emerytalnych (OFE) jako podmiotów funkcjonujących w polskim systemie emerytalnym. Zadaniem OFE jest gromadzenie funduszy zaoszczędzonych przez Polaków i zarządzanie nimi w celu zabezpieczenia kapitałów po przejściu na emeryturę. Polacy często lekceważą potrzebę oszczędzania środków na starość, mimo że polski system emerytalny zakłada indywidualne przedsięwzięcia emerytalne. W artykule wskazano czynniki i płaszczyzny budowania zaufania do OFE jako instytucji funkcjonujących w II filarze systemu emerytalnego. Zaufanie do systemu emerytalnego może być budowane przez zaufanie do poszczególnych instytucji funkcjonujących w danym systemie. Wydzielenie czynników zaufania do OFE może wskazać metody budowania zaufania do całego systemu emerytalnego.The purpose of this article is to analyze the trust in Open Pension Funds (OPF) as entities operating in the Polish pension system. The task of OPFs is to collect and manage the funds accumulated by Poles in order to secure their capital after retirement. Poles often ignore the need to save money for old age, despite the fact that the Polish pension system provides for individual pension schemes. This article indicates the factors for building the trust in OPFs as institutions operating within the second pillar of the pension system. The trust in the pension system can be built through the trust in the individual institutions operating in the given system. Separating trust factors related to OPFs can indicate the methods of building the trust in the entire pension system

The Distrustful Versus the Indignant: a Polemic on Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna’s Szeptem

This article discusses the literary dispute over Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna’s poetry collected in the Szeptem volume (1966). The dispute started with an ironic review by a young literary critic, Stanisław Barańczak, in the “Nurt” magazine published in Poznań. The article’s author interprets three aspects of the dispute: its legend-creating impact on Iłłakowiczówna as a literary institution, its destructive nature against Iłłakowiczówna as a canonical poet and the dispute’s status in the literary circles of the 1960s. The article provides evidence that Barańczak’s pamphlet hit the poetics and legend of Iłłakowiczówna; what is more, it triggered off a self-repair mechanism of the canon, reinforcing and sealing it from the pressure exerted by the young poets and critics in the late 1960s and the early 1970s. This mechanism, ephemeral from the point of view of the dynamics of literary circles, ultimately carved in stone the legend of Iłłakowiczówna, preventing new interpretations of her poetry and biography

Perception and signaling of strigolactones

Strigolactones (SLs), a recently discovered class of phytohormones, are important regulators of plant growth and development. While the biosynthetic pathway of these molecules is well documented, until recently there was not much known about the molecular mechanisms underlying SL perception and signal transduction in plants. Certain aspects of their perception and signaling, including the hormone-mediated interaction between receptor and F-box protein, degradation of suppressor proteins and activation of transcription factors, are also found in other phytohormones. However, some of SL signaling features seem to be specific for the SL signaling pathway. These include the enzymatic activity of the SL receptor and its destabilization caused by SLs. This review summarizes the current knowledge about SL signaling pathway in plants

Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna mniej więcej znana

The article is the analysis of the place of Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna in contemporary literary discourse. The author of the article claims – using Pierre Bayard’s theory – that the poetess is known “more or less”: she is remembered as someone who got prizes and recognition but at the same time she is impossible to read nowadays. There is political ambiguity and antiquity in her texts that keep her in the past. Marzec points at four areas of literary studies, where Iłłakowiczówna is still present: 1. Poetics: Iłłakowiczówna uses an original and unusual type of the Polish tonic verse. The author of this article analyses it using tools of psychoanalysis. 2. Religious discourse: Iłłakowicz.wna is interpreted as the author of religious poetry but Marzec argues with such interpretations. 3. Post-dependence studies: Iłłakowiczówna has not been analysed in terms of post-dependence studies yet but she is mentioned in the Polish borderlines discourse. 4. Feminist literary criticism: Iłłakowiczówna used to be studied as the author of androgynous poetry, but Marzec points out other motifs such as miscarriage, infanticide or problems of the new woman, like work at government institution, contestation of vitalism and bureaucracy. The aimof this article is to show that writing of Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna needs to be read in terms of the history of literature which is devoid of evaluation and judging. Such analysis means going back in terms of modern literary studies which have undergone multiple turns that changed the tools accessible to contemporary critics.The article is the analysis of the place of Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna in contemporary literary discourse. The author of the article claims – using Pierre Bayard’s theory – that the poetess is known “more or less”: she is remembered as someone who got prizes and recognition but at the same time she is impossible to read nowadays. There is political ambiguity and antiquity in her texts that keep her in the past. Marzec points at four areas of literary studies, where Iłłakowiczówna is still present: 1. Poetics: Iłłakowiczówna uses an original and unusual type of the Polish tonic verse. The author of this article analyses it using tools of psychoanalysis. 2. Religious discourse: Iłłakowicz.wna is interpreted as the author of religious poetry but Marzec argues with such interpretations. 3. Post-dependence studies: Iłłakowiczówna has not been analysed in terms of post-dependence studies yet but she is mentioned in the Polish borderlines discourse. 4. Feminist literary criticism: Iłłakowiczówna used to be studied as the author of androgynous poetry, but Marzec points out other motifs such as miscarriage, infanticide or problems of the new woman, like work at government institution, contestation of vitalism and bureaucracy. The aimof this article is to show that writing of Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna needs to be read in terms of the history of literature which is devoid of evaluation and judging. Such analysis means going back in terms of modern literary studies which have undergone multiple turns that changed the tools accessible to contemporary critics

Archives of women’s literature

The article concerns the relationships between terms, frequent in Polish literary criticism, such as “women’s literature”, “women’s press”, “women’s writing”, “literature written by women” and ”Feminist literature”. The author discusses three research books that have been published recently in which slightly different categories have been applied and which, at the same time, focus on the female element of cultural texts. In addition, the author points at multiple tendencies, frequently dissimilar and distinct, in the approach to the relationship between gender and the text. At the same time the author emphasizes a certain disposition manifested by researchers to employ the gender category to judge literary works. Hence, it seems to be quite justified to reopen the Jy women to show them in a new light. The same applies to the surrounding discussions on relevant titles — just as it is the case with publications by Joanna Krajewska, Jerzy Strzelczyk and Kamilla Łozowska-Marcinkowska

Neoliberalism as big pipeline network

Review of Steven J. Collier’s Post-Soviet Social: Neoliberalism, Social Modernity, Biopolitic

Mentoring Culture as Employees’ Career Success Factor in Polish Organizations

Changes in employment relationships and the spread of flexible forms of employment call for the search for such methods of employee development that would better fit the needs of both employees and Polish organizations in a turbulent environment. Studies of litera‑ ture on the subject point out the importance of mentoring culture for the development of employees’ competences and their career success. This paper tries to answer the question: in what way creating the culture of mentoring can contribute to employee objective and subjective career success in organizations? This goal will be achieved by presenting the results of a survey research carried out in 155 organizations operating in southern Poland. Generally, the findings suggest that mentoring culture is positively related to subjective success but it is not connected with objective success of employees