Yerli ve Yabancı Ticari Kahverengi Yumurtacı Tavukların Serbest (Free-Range) Yetiştirme Sisteminde Verim Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması

Araştırma serbest sistem yumurta tavukçuluğunda kullanılacak uygun tavuk materyalini belirlemek üzere yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla yerli kahverengi yumurtacı Atak-S genotipi ile YB kodu verilen yabancı kahverengi ticari yumurtacı genotip verim ve yumurta özellikleri bakımından karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırmada her bir genotipten 150’şer adet olmak üzere toplam 300 adet tavuk kullanılmıştır. Her genotip kendi arasında üç parsele ayrılmış ve her parselde 50 tavuk barındırılmıştır. Derin altlıklı yer sistemli kümes içerisinde birim alanda (m2) 5 tavuk yetiştirilirken, otlatma alanında ise tavuk başına 4 m2 alan ayrılmıştır. Aynı gün kuluçka çıkışı yapılmış olan yarkalar 16 haftalık yaşta özel bir firmadan temin edilmiştir. Araştırma 80 haftalık yaşa kadar sürdürülmüş olup bu süre zarfında verim ve yumurta kalite özellikleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu özelliklerden, %50 yumurta verim yaşı, yumurta ağırlığı, tavuk-gün yumurta verimi, tavuk-kümes yumurta verimi, yaşama gücü, ak indeksi, sarı indeksi, haugh birimi ve sarı rengi bakımından genotipler arasında farklılık bulunmamıştır. Buna karşın, 18-80. hafta canlı ağırlığı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı, şekil indeksi, kabuk kalınlığı, kabuk direnci, et-kan lekesi oranı ve kabuk rengi bakımından ise genotipler arasındaki farklılığın önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada, genotiplerden herhangi birisinin bütün özellikler bakımından öne çıkmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ancak, piyasa şartları dikkate alınarak yapılan ekonomik analiz sonuçları ve hayvan hassasiyetleri bakımından yapılan gözlemler neticesinde Atak-S genotipinin serbest sistem yumurta tavukçuluğuna daha uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır

Effects of kefir on coccidial oocysts excretion and performance of dairy goat kids following weaning

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of kefir, a traditional source of probiotic, on coccidial oocysts excretion and on the performance of dairy goat kids following weaning. Twin kids were randomly allocated to one of two groups at weaning. Kids of the first group received 20 ml of kefir daily for 6 weeks (KEF), while kids in the control group were given a placebo (CON). Individual faecal samples were regularly (n = 18 per kid) taken to quantify the number of coccidial oocysts per gram of faeces (OpG). There were no differences between the groups in terms of body weight development (P > 0.05) and feed consumption. Kids of both groups were not able to consume enough feed to meet their nutrient requirements during the first 3 weeks following weaning. KEF had a lower frequency of OpG positive samples than CON (P = 0.043). Kefir did not affect the maximum oocyst excretion and age of the kids at the highest oocyst excretion (P > 0.05). KEF shed numerically 35% lower coccidial oocysts than the controls, which corresponded to a statistical tendency (P = 0.074) in lowering Log-OpG in comparison to CON. While KEF had a lower frequency of OpG positive samples and tended to shed lower OPG by around one-third, the frequency of diarrhea, level of highest oocyst excretion, and performance of the kids remained unaffected. Therefore, it is concluded that overall effects of kefir do not have a significant impact on sub-clinical infection and performance in weaned kids under relatively high-hygienic farming conditions

Evaluation of patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease: Preliminary results from the Turk-UIP study

OBJECTIVE: Differential diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is important among fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILD). This study aimed to evaluate the rate of IPF in patients with fibrotic ILD and to determine the clinical-laboratory features of patients with and without IPF that would provide the differential diagnosis of IPF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included the patients with the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern or possible UIP pattern on thorax high-resolution computed tomography, and/or UIP pattern, probable UIP or possible UIP pattern at lung biopsy according to the 2011 ATS/ERSARS/ALAT guidelines. Demographics and clinical and radiological data of the patients were recorded. All data recorded by researchers was evaluated by radiology and the clinical decision board. RESULTS: A total of 336 patients (253 men, 83 women, age 65.8 +/- 9.0 years) were evaluated. Of the patients with sufficient data for diag-nosis (n=300), the diagnosis was IPF in 121 (40.3%), unclassified idiopathic interstitial pneumonia in 50 (16.7%), combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) in 40 (13.3%), and lung involvement of connective tissue disease (CTD) in 16 (5.3%). When 29 patients with definite IPF features were added to the patients with CPFE, the total number of IPF patients reached 150 (50%). Rate of male sex (p<0.001), smoking history (p<0.001), and the presence of clubbing (p=0.001) were significantly high in patients with IPE None of the women <50 years and none of the men <50 years of age without a smoking history were diagnosed with IPE Presence of at least 1 of the symptoms suggestive of CTD, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and antinuclear antibody (FANA) positivity rates were significantly higher in the non-IPF group (p<0.001, p=0.029, p=0.009, respectively). CONCLUSION: The rate of IPF among patients with fibrotic ILD was 50%. In the differential diagnosis of IPF, sex, smoking habits, and the presence of clubbing are important. The presence of symptoms related to CTD, ESR elevation, and EANA positivity reduce the likelihood of IPF

Kuluçkalık Yumurtaların Değişik Oranlarda Tuz Çözeltisi ile Muamele Edilerek Depolanmasının Kuluçka Sonuçlarına Etkisi

Araştırma değişik oranlarda kullanılan tuz çözeltisinin kuluçkalık yumurtaları on gün süreyle depolanmasının kuluçka özellikleri üzerine etkisini belirlemek üzere yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla 38 haftalık yaştaki Ross PM 308 damızlık sürüden elde edilen 720 adet kuluçkalık yumurta kullanılmıştır. Yumurtalar ilk gün kontrol, %3 ve %5 oranlarında hazırlanan tuz çözeltisi ile dezenfekte edilmiştir. Daha sonra 10-15 0C sıcaklık ve yaklaşık %80 nem içeren depoda 10 süreyle muhafaza edilmiştir. Soğuk hava deposundan alınan yumurtalar kuluçka makinelerine nakledilerek kuluçka özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada üzerinde durulan döllülük oranı, kuluçka randımanı, çıkış gücü, erken, orta ve geç dönem embriyo ölümleri, ıskarta civciv oranı, malformasyon oranı, malpozisyon oranı ve civciv kalitesi özellikleri üzerine tuz çözeltilerinin önemli bir etkisinin bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir (P>0,05). Tuz çözeltilerinin araştırmada kontrol grubu olarak kullanılan kontrol (% 40 Benzalkonyum klorür, %0,05 Trihydrooxidoboron, %15 Karbamikasidmonoamid ve %2 Gluteraltehid içeren dezenfektan) ile benzer etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, tuzun kuluçkalık yumurtalarda dezenfeksiyon olarak kullanılabileceği değerlendirilmekte olup, net sonuçlar elde edilmesi için yüksek oranlarda tuz çözeltisi kullanılarak yeni araştırmaların yapılmasının gerekli olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır

A research on factors influencing the university choice of the high school senior students at the university preference stage

YÖK Tez ID: 458592Bu araştırma, üniversite tercih aşamasındaki ortaöğretim son sınıf öğrencilerinin üniversite tercihini etkileyen faktörler ile bu faktörlerin mevcut literatüre göre Türkiye özelinde farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin belirlenmesi ve elde edilen sonuçların üniversiteler tarafından pazarlama stratejileri geliştirilirken kullanmaları amacı ile yapılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 2014-2015 eğitim-öğretim yılında 18 ilde devlet ve özel ortaöğretim kurumlarının son sınıflarında eğitim görmekte olan 2503 öğrenciye anket formu uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan anket formunda mevcut literatürden yaralanarak araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen ''Üniversite Tercihini Etkileyen Faktörler'' ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Uygulama sonucunda elde edilen veriler SPSS 19.0 paket programı ile analiz edilmiş ve Kolmogrov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, Friedman, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis test teknikleri ile Faktör ve Frekans analizleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen temel bulgulara göre üniversitenin eğitim ücreti ve sağladığı burs imkânlarının ortaöğretim son sınıf öğrencilerin üniversite tercihinde en önemli faktör olduğu bulunmuştur. Farklı ülkelerde yapılan araştırmalarda aday öğrenciler tarafından akademik program ile kariyer imkânları faktörleri iki ayrı olgu olarak algılanırken, Türkiye'de ise akademik program tercihinin aynı zamanda mezuniyet sonrası kariyer imkânları olarak da algılandığı tespit edilmiştir. Konum (üniversitenin bulunduğu şehir) faktörünün ise önem sırasına göre son sırada yer aldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen bir diğer önemli bulguda, katılımcıların demografik özellikleri ile üniversite tercihini etkileyen faktörler arasındaki anlamalı ilişkilerdir. Katılımcıların üniversite tercihini etkileyen faktörlerin önem sıralamasının cinsiyetlerine ve eğitim gördükleri ortaöğretim kurumunun niteliğine (Devlet/Özel) göre anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaştığı gözlemlenmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Üniversite Seçimi, Meslek Seçimi, Ortaöğretim, Yükseköğretim, Pazarlama Stratejileri.This research carried out in order to define factors influencing the university choice of the high school senior students at the university preference stage with the defined factors show difference in Turkey in particular according to current literature or not and consequences will be used by the universities for developing their marketing strategies. Towards the aim of this research, a survey was applied to 2503 students who are high school senior of public and private institutions in eighteen cities in 2014-2015 education period. The scale which is called ''Factors Influencing the University Choice'' were developed by researcher in according to current literature and used in survey. The data's were analyzed with the packet programme of SPSS 19.0, tests of Kolmogrov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, Friedman, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, and Factor and Frequences analysis were used. According to main indications, the most crucial factor influencing the university choice of the seniors was found to be tuitions and scholarships which are provided by universities. While in different countries, academic programme and career opportunities are considered as two different facts, it is detected that at the same time the choice of academic programme is perceived as their career opportunities after graduation in Turkey. When we look at the factor of location, it can be seen at the end of the order of importance. The meaningful relationship between the demographic features of participants and the factors that influence the university choice is the other important result of the research. It is detected that the order of importance of the factors influencing the university choice of participants can be changed significantly according to their gender and the characteristic of their schools (public or private) which they are educated. Keywords: University Choice, Career Choice, Secondary Education, Higher Education, Marketing Strategies

High levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and uric acid can predict disease severity in patients with mitral regurgitation

WOS: 000345814000005PubMed: 25448796Introduction: Both high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) and uric acid (UA) levels are known to be increased in heart failure patients and are associated with poorer functional capacity and adverse outcome. The role of these markers in patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) is less clear. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between hs-CRP, UA and organic MR. We also assessed whether hs-CRP and UA levels are correlated with symptoms of MR, severity of MR, LV remodeling and outcome during follow-up. Methods: A total of 200 consecutive patients (87 men [43.5%]; mean age 61.6 +/- 12.5 years) with moderate or severe isolated and organic MR were included in the study. All the patients were assessed clinically and were managed and treated with standard medical therapy according to evidence-based practice guidelines. Patients were categorized according to New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class. We assessed and graded the severity of MR using a multiparametric approach. hs-CRP was measured with chemiluminescent immunometric assay using an IMMULITE (R) 1000 autoanalyzer (Siemens, Germany). Serum UA levels were analyzed using a Cobas (R) 6000 autoanalyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). Results: Mean UA levels increased significantly with NYHA class: 4.46 +/- 1.58 mg/dl for patients in NYHA class I, 5.91 +/- 1.69 mg/dl for class II, 6.31 +/- 2.16 mg/dl for class III and 8.86 +/- 3.17 mg/dl for class IV (p<0.001). Mean UA levels also increased significantly with increased severity of MR (moderate 5.62 +/- 1.9 mg/dl, moderate to severe 5.56 +/- 1.2 mg/dl, severe 7.38 +/- 3.4 mg/dl, p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between UA level and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (r=0.40; p<0.001), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (r=0.297; p=0.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (r=0.195, p=0.036), whereas hs-CRP was not correlated with these parameters. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis LVEF, NYHA class and UA levels were the only independent predictors of death. Conclusion: UA and hs-CRP levels can help identify patients with asymptomatic moderate or severe mitral regurgitation. UA levels may be useful to assess the extent of left ventricular remodeling and in the optimal timing of mitral valve surgery in certain subsets of patients. (C) 2013 Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved

Determination of Proper Turning Frequency to Increase for Hatching Results in Hatching Eggs With Abnormal Shape Index

The aim of this study was to determine the optimum turning frequency for increasing the hatchability results in hatching eggs with abnormal shape index. For this purpose, 4050 hatching eggs obtained from 56 weeks old ATAK-S hybrid hens were used. Shape index was divided into 3 groups as 71 and smaller, 72 - 76, 77 and higher. The research was conducted according to a completely randomized factorial experimental design. The hatching eggs were incubated with turning frequency of 30, 60 and 120 minutes. In the present study, fertility rate, hatchability, hatch of fertile, early, middle, late embryonic mortality, discard chick rate, chick quality, malformation and malposition rates were determined. The turning frequency was found to have a significant effect on hatch of fertile eggs and late embryonic mortality. It was found that turning frequency and shape index had no significant effect on the hatching results regarding discarded chicks, early embryonic mortality, malposition, malformation rate, and chick quality. Interaction between egg shape index and turning frequency did not influence hatching traits and chick quality. It was determined that there was no interaction effect between turning frequency and shape index on all the characteristics discussed. According to the results obtained from the research, it was observed that the 30 and 120 minute turning frequency of hatching eggs with different shape indexes had a negative effect on the hatchability of fertile eggs and late embryo mortality. It was concluded that even if the shape index of the hatching eggs were different, the optimum turning frequency should be every 60 minutes

Comparison and modeling of time dependent changes of egg weight in native and foreign layer hybrids

Bu çalışmanın amacı yerli hibrit Atak-S ve yabancı hibrit Lohmann Brown sürülerinde 24-80 haftalar arasında dörder haftalık aralıklarla ölçülen yumurta ağırlıkları bakımından iki genotipin karşılaştırılması ve yumurta ağırlıklarının zamana bağlı değişiminin modellenmesidir. Bu amaçla genotiplerin karşılaştırılmasında çok değişkenli istatistiksel yöntemlerden profil analizi kullanılmış olup yumurta ağırlıklarının zamana bağlı değişimlerinin modellenmesi için eğri tahmin yöntemleri ve doğrusal olmayan regresyon modelleri kullanılmıştır. Profil analizi sonucunda HotellingLawley Trace test istatistiğine göre Atak-S ve Lohmann Brown genotiplerinin haftalara göre yumurta ağırlık değerleri arasında fark bulunmamıştır (P>0.05). Haftalık yumurta ağırlıklarındaki varyasyon katsayıları (%) bakımından Atak-S için saptanan değerlerin daha düşük ve daha dar bir aralıkta olduğu (%5.23- %8.59), buna karşılık Lohmann Brown genotipine ait değerlerin hem daha yüksek hem de daha geniş bir aralıkta olduğu (%4.16-%9.80) belirlenmiştir. Doğrusal, Kuadratik, Kübik, Gompertz, Lojistik ve Von Bertalanffy modelleri ile gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda hem Atak-S hem de Lohmann Brown tavuklarının haftalık yumurta ağırlıkları için en yüksek belirleme katsayıları (sırasıyla 0.9995 ve 0.9995) ve en düşük hata kareler ortalaması değerleri (sırasıyla 2.0464 ve 2.4455) Gompertz modelinden elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak Atak-S ve Lohmann Brown sürülerinde 24-80 haftalar arasında dörder haftalık olarak ölçülen yumurta ağırlıkları bakımından iki genotip arasında farklılık bulunmamış olması, aynı zamanda yumurta ağırlığındaki bir örneklilik bakımından Atak-S genotipinin daha iyi sonuçlar vermiş olması ülke ekonomisi açısından önemli bulunmuştur.The aim of this study is to compare the two genotypes (Native hybrid Atak-S and the foreign hybrid Lohmann Brown) in terms of egg weights measured at intervals of four weeks between the ages of 24-80 weeks, and to model the timedependent changes of egg weights. For this purpose, the Profile Analysis Tecnique of multivariate statistical methods was used to compare genotypes. Curve estimation methods and nonlinear regression models were used to model time-dependent changes in egg weights. As a result of the Profile Analysis, according to Hotelling-Lawley Trace test statistic, there was no difference between egg weight values of Atak-S and Lohmann Brown genotypes (P> 0.05). In terms of variation coefficients (%) of weekly egg weights, the values of the Atak-S were lower and narrower (5.23% -8.59%) whereas the values of Lohmann Brown genotype were higher and wider (4.16-9.80%). Analysis results of linear, quadratic, cubic, Gompertz, Logistic and Von Bertalanffy models showed that the highest determination coefficient (0.9995 and 0.9995) and the lowest mean square error values (2.0464 and 2.4455 respectively) of Gompertz model for weekly egg weights of both Atak-S and Lohmann Brown chickens. As a result, there was no difference between the two genotypes (Native hybrid Atak-S and the foreign hybrid Lohmann Brown) in terms of weekly egg weights between 24 and 80 weeks, while Atak-S genotype showed better results in terms of egg weight uniformity has been found to be important for national economy

The dissolution of ilmenite in HClH2O, HClCH3OH and HClC2H5OH systems — A theoretical approach

Silicon powders are obtained by laser pyrolysis of silane gas. Temperature and velocity profiles are determined both theoretically and experimentally. The velocimetry consists of a marker technique which measures the propagation time of a perturbation front through the hot reaction zone. In the theoretical model, the coaxial jet expansion undergoing a thermal heating is studied by defining a Dorodnitzin-Illingworth transformation. The results show a decrease of axial velocity as the gas enters the laser heated region. The change is sharper for higher inlet velocities. In this region, the gradients of the axial temperature profiles are high

Commentary: Cornfield on cigarette smoking and lung cancer and how to assess causality

This paper presents some of the findings of an ongoing study conducted by an interdisciplinary team of computer scientists, artists and designers. It concerns the development of 3D user interfaces that aid the navigation and representation of large data structures through the usage of the HSV color space, and the ensuing “spatial frames”. While data objects that have been colorized in various hues that carry equal saturation and brightness/transparency value seem to be equally foregrounded; varying saturation, brightness and transparency values add depth and hierarchy: Less saturated and/or darker, more transparent values recede into the background, while brighter, more highly saturated objects tend to become foregrounded. During our experiments we noticed that, when thus colorized, the edges connecting the nodes form visual spatial frames, which can result in the meaningful partitioning of 3D space. This property can be exploited to facilitate the display of overall trends within data sets, as well as to ease navigation, presenting overviews of the structure, and navigational help