Transient flow analysis of opening hinged/sliding door

Most people spend the majority of a day indoors where temperature and air quality have a big impact on their work performance, comfort and health. To be able to control the spread of diseases in indoor environments it is crucial to understand the indoor air flows. An important part of this is to look at the different factors which effects the way the air moves. Understanding of air flow and mass exchange by the opening of a door is beneficial for estimation of pollutant transport and this makes us able to better predict and control desired indoor environment. In this thesis Numerical simulations were performed to solve coupled of mass, momentum and energy transport equations. The focus of this work was the usage of the overset mesh for moving rigid boundaries and two-equation turbulence models towards understanding the effects of door opening speed and time, thermal effects, and turbulence models. This work is also very relevant to the present pandemic situation. The simulations involve three different types of doors. One hinged, one sliding and one elevator door. In addition to the different door types, it has also been performed simulations with different opening times and thermal effect. Besides how the door moves the geometry and boundary conditions are the same for each case. To track the air exchange between the two rooms sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas was used. To verify the CFD methods used in the thesis a test case that is similar in both physics and geometry to the simulations previously reported by the other researchers in the literature have been reproduced. When reviewing the flow field and the velocity It is evident from the comparison that the solutions from the reproduced model agree well with the literature. The comparison of the opening and closing door motions times for the hinged and the sliding door shows that the total time of the motion affects the airflow. Lower opening time creates a higher velocity and more exchange between the two rooms. For the non-thermal simulations visual comparison was done by monitoring the mass fraction of SF6 in a scalar scene and the velocity with the use of the Line Integral Convolution (LIC) in the vector scene. The results clearly shows that the hinged door creates most exchange of air and creates the most velocity in the airflow. The sliding door and the elevator door has less effect. The cumulative mass of SF6 exchanged through the door opening was also monitored and showed that the hinged door has the biggest impact. Time snaps at different timesteps of velocity and mass flux shows the same trend with the biggest effect from the hinged door. For the thermal cases is also shown that the hinged door creates most exchange of air and creates the most velocity in the airflow. Still the sliding door and the elevator door seems to be most affected by the temperature. Meaning that these cases show a clearer difference compared to the non- thermal case. The cumulative mass of SF6 exchanged through the door opening is also closer to hinged door. The time snaps at different timesteps shows the same trend with the most change in velocity and mass flux for the elevator and the sliding door. The hinged door is also seen the dominant force for the thermal case but it is seen clearly that the temperature difference effects the airflow. It can be concluded that STAR CMM+ is a powerful tool and that the overset mesh works well for the purpose of simulating solid movements. Using the overset mesh is a demanding process in the start-up phase, but this type of CFD simulations provide valuable information for estimation of pollutant transport and prediction of desired indoor environment. The results are also relevant for energy use, the thermal simulations of the cold storage room in particular.publishedVersio

PERTUNJUKAN KESENIAN TERBANG DI KECAMATAN CIATER KABUPATEN SUBANG DAN BENTUK PELESTARIANNYA SEBAGAI BAHAN AJAR PELATIHAN EKSTRAKURIKULER DI SMA

Logita Embang. 2105 “Pertunjukan Kesenian Terbang dan Bentuk Pelestariannya Sebagai Bahan Ajar Pelatihan Ekstrakurikuler Di SMA” Sekolah Pasca Sarjana UPI. Latar belakang: keberadaan pertunjukan kesenian terbang asli yang hampir tidak diminati oleh generasi muda yang beranggapan merupakan kesenian yang bertradisi lama. Masalah penelitian: Bagaimana bentuk pertunjukan kesenian terbang? Bagaimana struktur teks yang terkandung dalam lagu-lagu? Bagaimana ko-teks dan konteks dan fungsi pada pertunjukan kesenian terbang? Bagaimana bentuk pelestarian di SMA? Tujuan dari penelitian: mendeskripsikan pertunjukan kesenian terbang, menyajikan ancangan buku panduan pelatihan ekstrakurikuler di SMA. Teori yang digunakan: teori kebudayaan, tradisi lisan, bentuk dan struktur teks, kajian semantik, bunyi dan teori isi tradisi lisan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data: teknik observasi partisipatif, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen penelitian: peneliti sendiri dan dibantu dengan pedoman wawancara, observasi, catatan lapangan, tape recorder, dan kamera. Sumber datanya: pertunjukan kesenian terbang, teks lagu-lagu dan konteks. Analisis data dan pembahasan mengenai pertunjukan kesenian terbang, bentuk, analisis struktur semantik dan formula bunyi, ko-teks dan konteks dari lagu-lagu pertunjukan kesenian terbang, Teks lagu-lagu dalam pertunjukan kesenian terbang memiliki struktur semantik yang beragam. Formula bunyinya berupa pengulangan bunyi kata, baik dalam baris, maupun antar baris dengan irama yang dinamis. Konteks dari pertunjukan kesenian terbang ini tidak terikat oleh ruang dan waktu, namun harus mempertimbangkan suasana. Fungsi dari pertunjukan kesenian terbang selain sebagai penghibur juga sebagai unsur pendidikan, pranata kehidupan sosial, fungsi keagamaan. Upaya pelestarian dari pertunjukan kesenian terbang, yaitu melalui pembuatan bahan ajar berupa ancangan buku panduan pelatihan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler di SMA.----------Logita Embang. 2015 “Arts Terbang Performance and Instructional Material As a preservation From Extracurricular Training in School”. Post Graduate of UPI. Background: Young generations are not interested in existence of the original art terbang performance, they thought that it is old tradition. The research problem: how is form of art terbang performance? How the structure of the text contained in the songs? How co-text and context of the function of to show art terbang? What are the forms of preservation in high school? The purpose of the research: to describe art terbang performance, presenting definition guidebook extracurricular training in high school. The used theory: the theory of culture, oral traditions, the shape and structure of the text, the study of semantics, the sound and content of the theory of oral tradition. This research used qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques: technique of participant observation, interviews, and documentation. Instrument of the research: the researchers themselves and assisted with interview, observation, field notes, tape recorder, and camera. Source of data: art terbang performance of songs and context. Data analysis and discussion of art terbang performance, to analyze the shape, structure, semantic, and sound formula, co-text and context of art performance songs terbang. Text songs of art terbang performance have a diverse semantic structure. Formula repetition of sound such as the sound of the word, both in rows with a dynamic rhythm. Context of art terbang performance is not bound by the cast and the time, but must consider the atmosphere. The function of the art terbang performance as an entertainer also other than as a component of education, social life institution, a religious function. Conservation effort of art terbang performance is through making material definition guide book training extracurricular in high school

Unsteady flow analysis of hinged and sliding door openings

Existing thermal condition and indoor air quality have a big impact on our work performance, comfort, and health in an indoor environment. Apart from many other parameters, door motions and human movements play crucial role in mass and thermal exchange affecting safety and/or energy management issues in various situations. An isolation room in a hospital setup, for instance, helps to protect patients and staff against the risk of infection by airborne pathogens. Another example is cold storage room facilities, where temperature and moisture control are the key parameters for an optimal operation and energy usage. In this study, we present a transient flow analysis of door motions in indoor environment. The flow physics is resolved by solving 3D compressible RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes) equations together with the energy and species transport equations and two-equation turbulence models utilizing an overset mesh strategy to address the rigid body motion of doors in a relevant fluid domain involving air and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Simulations are performed for three different types of doors, namely a hinged door, a two-way sliding door, and a sliding door considering door opening and closing phases. Transient flow-field data through the door opening area have been processed and a comparative analysis is performed considering the mass flux of the constituents, normal velocity, cumulative mass exchange through the different doors

Kappfiske - problem eller løsning?

Landingene av torsk i Norge er sterkt sesongvarierte. Fangstene i første halvår i årene 1983- 84 utgjorde om lag 85 % av årets totalfangst. I 1986-88 var andelen sunket til om lag 70 %, mens den steg til 80 % i 1999-2000 og til 90 % i 2001-02. Dette landingsmønsteret for kystflåtens fangster av torskefisk er et resultat av en rekke faktorer; fiskens tilgjengelighet, kvalitet, pris, flåtestruktur, reguleringsregime og lønnsomhet i alternative fiskeri. Rapporten undersøker særlig hvordan pris og reguleringsregime påvirker sesongprofilen i landingene og lønnsomheten. Fra slutten av 1980-årene til i dag er reguleringsregimet endret fra fritt fiske via konkurransekvote til fartøykvoter og samlekvoter. I prøveåret 2001 hadde samlekvotebåtene noe jevnere leveringsmønster i sesongen enn andre båter. I de to påfølgende årene fisket imidlertid fartøy med samlekvote en større andel av sin torskekvote i første halvdel av året enn hva de gjorde i 2001. Gruppen av fartøy mellom 15 og 21 meter med rettigheter kun i Gruppe I fisket i 2001 og 2002 jevnere i første kvartal enn det fartøy med tilleggsrettigheter i pelagiske fiskeri gjorde. Fartøyene med pelagiske rettigheter fisket mer intensivt og landet en større andel av årsfangsten på kortere tid. I tillegg landet førstnevnte gruppe en større andel i fjerde kvartal enn gruppen med pelagiske rettigheter. For gruppen av fartøy mellom 21 og 28 m finner vi det samme mønsteret i 2001, mens forskjellene er små i 2002. I Nordland og Troms er torskeprisen høyest i toppsesongen, noe som gir fartøyene et sterkt insentiv til å fiske i denne perioden. Dette prisbildet har sannsynligvis sammenheng med næringsstrukturen i fylkene, størrelsen på fisken og andre kvalitetsparametre. I Finnmark er prisen relativt høy ved inngangen til sesongen, men faller gjennom sesongen. Medvirkende årsaker er trolig kvalitetsproblemene forbundet med store landinger av loddetorsk av relativt liten størrelse. Prisnedgangen indikerer overskuddstilbud og dermed en negativ effekt for fiskerne av sesongfisket. At dette fisket opprettholdes har sammenheng med kostnadsreduksjonen store fangster medfører, både i form av effektivitetsgevinst og mulighet for deltagelse i andre fiskeri. Fartøy mellom 21-28 m med rettigheter kun i Gruppe I oppnår vanligvis høyere priser for torsk, hyse og sei enn fartøy med andre rettigheter i tillegg. Dette er særlig markert for sei. Fartøy med flere rettigheter har større bruk av snurrevad og mindre andel av fangsten som skrei - begge forhold virker negativt på torskeprisen. For sei skyldes pristapet at den i stor grad fanges med snurpenot. For fartøy mellom 21 og 28 m med pelagiske rettigheter har lønnsomheten1 bedret seg eller vært stabil mellom 1999 og 2003, mens fartøyene med rettigheter bare i Gruppe I har hatt en betydelig forverring av lønnsomheten. Særlig fartøyene med såkalte Spesialtillatelse uten ringnotkonsesjon (SUK) har sett vesentlig økt lønnsomhet. Datakildene som er benyttet er Fiskeridirektoratets lønnsomhetsundersøkelser for fiskefartøy, Norges Råfisklags database over sluttsedler og Fiskeridirektoratets rettighetsregister

The effect of quota portfolio composition on optimal harvest strategy and profitability in a multi-species fishery

The benefits of individual vessel quota (IVQ) management in terms of improved harvest strategy and profitability are well recognized, but there is less focus on how different components of a quota portfolio can influence decisions underlying the effort allocation and profit-maximizing behaviour of fishers. Variations in the components of the quota portfolio may create economic incentives that alter the optimal harvest strategy and profitability. Thus, we study the potential impact of different components of quota portfolio on the intra-annual harvest strategy and profitability in two segments of the Norwegian bottom trawl fleet. By developing a vessel-based spatio-temporal bioeconomic framework, we demonstrate and compare adopted harvest strategies and accrued profits for small and large trawl vessels under three scenarios regarding restrictive quotas in codfish fishery. Our analysis confirms that alternations in the components of the quota portfolio influence the spatio-temporal dynamics of the fishing effort for small and large trawl vessels in different ways, probably due to the differences in vessel-specific characteristics. We also demonstrate that the differences in profit between small and large vessels in part depend on the overall size of the quota portfolio. The economies of scale in the trawl industry are being eroded as the shares of higher-priced species in the quota portfolio decreases. The benefits of economies of scale cannot be reaped as trawlers respond to the reduction in profit by redirecting effort from offshore areas of the Arctic to nearshore waters or staying ashore. Likewise, having small quotas of high-priced species reduces the effectiveness of the IVQ system in meeting management objectives, and could in some cases undermine sustainability outcomes. Our results also demonstrate that both the intensity with which fishers react to the fluctuations in market price levels and fishers’ perceptions of location attractiveness are influenced by the components of the quota portfolio.publishedVersio

Bruk og etterbruk av rensefisk i norsk lakseoppdrett fra et samfunnsøkonomisk perspektiv

Bruk av rensefisk, spesielt rognkjeks (Cyclopterus lumpus), i norsk lakseoppdrett har økt kraftig som følge av strengere miljøkrav og økende kostnader til lusebekjempelse. Mange oppdrettere opplever en god effekt av metoden, men samtidig skaper den utfordringer. I merden sammen med laks er rensefisk utsatt for stress, sykdommer og skader, noe som fører til høy dødelighet. I tillegg er praksisen med destruering av fisk etter bruk omstridt. Vi bidrar til diskusjon om bruk av rensefisk med en samfunnsøkonomisk analyse gjennomført etter krav i Utredningsinstruksen. Studien viser at det er stor usikkerhet ved kvantifisering av effektene for oppdrettere, miljø, fiskevelferd og leverandører. Velferd av rensefisk er betydelig redusert mens bidrag til lusebekjempelse for hele industrien ikke er bekreftet. Metodiske implikasjoner for måling av samfunnsnytten av tiltak i miljøforvaltningen er drøftet.publishedVersio

Tropospheric ozone depletion in the Arctic during spring. Measurements on the Zeppelin Mountain on Spitsbergen.

This report presents measurements of ozone, non-methane hydrocarbons, sulphate, ammonium, halocarbon and meteorological parameters from Spitsbergen in the Arctic. The focus is the rapid depletion of surface ozone in spring. Trajectories show that the ozone loss is mainly observed when the transport is from W-N. Ozone soundings and surface time series indicate that the loss process is of regional extent. The trace constituents indicate that hydrocarbons are chemically lost, as well as ozone, and that sulphate and ice particles may take part in the reactions

Stubborn Fuel Tax Concessions – The Case of Fisheries in Norway

On the background of the abolishment of traditional subsidies this paper discusses the persistency of the major remaining subsidy scheme in Norwegian fisheries: exemption from fuel taxes. The reimbursement scheme stems from the late 1980s, and has been persistent since, under different governments. This paper gives the background for this support against theoretical predictions on subsidies' effects on fishing behaviour and profitability. For 2011 the estimated exempted fuel taxes to the fishing fleet is 999.0 million NOK, amounting to 6.3 per cent of the landed value, against 772.7 million NOK (6.4 per cent of landed value) in 2007. Also, the Norwegian scheme is discussed against similar arrangements in other countries. The national fishing fleet is heterogeneous with respect to oil consumption in transport and fishing operations. Hence, the effect of the fuel subsidies is different along different fleet components. The implications of abolishing this subsidy for the fishing fleet in general, for different vessel groups, as well as for policy implications are discussed.Keywords: Markets: Related Markets Policy, Fisheries Economics, Markets and Trad

To Invest or Not -- Renewal of the Norwegian Bottom Trawler Fleet

In order to survive and prosper fishing companies have to balance the need for continuity and change. Investment strategy is a good indicator on the direction companies are headed in terms of capacity, onboard production, and the financial risks they are willing to take. However, the success of an investment does not only depend on company decision and timing, but also how companies tackle unpredicted changes in the competitive environment. Cash flow rise and fall with the quota. Accordingly, successful investment strategies in such settings are often linked to timing and capacity decisions. In this paper we propose a framework that explains the investment strategy behind fishing vessel renewal. The hypothesis that cash flow and profitability impact the decision on when to replace an old vessel with a new is tested by studying the pattern of renewal of Norwegian bottom trawlers in a closed fishery. Results suggest that the decision of renewal is taken on rising quota, just before it peaks. Due to long planning and construction time new vessels are operational under conditions very different than predicted. Declining quota and revenues provides challenging conditions, especially for companies building new vessels. However, companies building new vessels have better economic performance than companies not renewing. And vessels being renewed have more fishing licenses than other vessels. An important observation is that the ITQ system has prolonged renewal, as companies buy licenses rather than new vessels. On rising quotas, owners of fully licensed vessels renew 25% of the Norwegian fleet in 2012-2014

Fish quality and market performance: The case of the coastal fishery for Atlantic cod in Norway

This study focuses on fish quality and resource utilization at the ex-vessel level of the value chain. Substantial waste in the form of reduced fish quality is revealed for Atlantic cod landed by the coastal fleet in Norway, with approximately 30% of the sampled cod from 399 catches downgraded, implying reduced value of products in onshore processing. By using an objective quality index for individual catches in hedonic price modeling, we obtain new insights regarding the important role markets may play in sustainable utilization of marine resources. The econometric results indicate that the quality index had a rather modest effect on prices and that fishing methods is more important in price formation. These findings are attributed to a poorly performing ex-vessel market where asymmetric information regarding fish quality and the bargaining power of fishers distort the relationship between quality and price, with the result that fishers are not incentivized to deliver fish of good quality.publishedVersio