Morphological investigation of alcohol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and liver injury in rats

The aim of this study was to morphologicall investigation of alcohol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and liver injury in rats. A total of 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: control, and alcohol treated; each group contain 10 animals. The rats in alcohol treated group was given a daily dose of 6 g/kg ethanol by using intragastric intubation. Control group was given the same volume of saline. This application was continued daily for a total of 6 weeks. The end of the experiment all animals were anesthetized. The anesthetized rats were sacrificed and liver tissues were removed for histopathological investigation. Liver damage was examined by using hematoxylin-eosin and apoptosis was determined by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl- transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). There existed hepatocyte diffuse steatosis and hemorrhage in alcohol treated group. Our data indicate an enhancement in the activity of TUNEL in hepatocyte apoptosis of the alcholol treated group. The effects of alcohol on liver can be clearly detected as a hepatocyte cell death and liver injury. © 2011 OMU All rights reserved

DÜNYA FINDIK PİYASASINDA TÜRKİYE’NİN ROLÜ

ÖZET Bu çalışmada, 1980-2006 döneminde dünyada ve Türkiye’de fındık üretimi ve dış ticaretinin gelişimini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. İncelenen dönem boyunca dünyada fındık dikim alanı, üretim miktarı ve ihracatında önemli artışlar olmuştur. 1980 yılında 420 bin hektar olan dünya fındık dikim alanı incelenen dönem boyunca % 32 oranında artış göstererek 2006 yılında 566 bin hektara, 421 bin ton olan dünya fındık üretimi ise yıllık ortalama %3.1 artarak 2006 yılında 960 bin tona ulaşmıştır. Dünya fındık dikim alanı ve üretim miktarındaki artışların tamamına yakını Türkiye’nin fındık dikim alanı (%71) ve buna bağlı olarak üretim miktarındaki (%69) artıştan kaynaklanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Fındık, Üretim, Dış Ticaret, Dominant Ülke ABSTRACT In this study, hazelnut production and foreign trade were analyzed comparatively from 1980 to 2006. There have been significant increases in hazelnut production area, production and export in the period covered. The production area was increased by 32% from 420 thousand ha to 566 thousand ha from 1980 to 2006, production amount increased by 3.1% per year and reached to 960 thousand tone in 2006 n the world. Increase in the world’s production area and production completely depends on the increase in Turkey’s production area (71%) and production amount (69%). Keywords: Hazelnut, Production, Foreign Trade, Dominant Countr

Hypothyroidism in Children with Serous Otitis Media

Objective:In this study, we aimed to evaluate the co-existence and prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with otitis media with effusion (OME) and to determine the possible relationship between OME and hypothyroidism.Methods:The subject group consisted of 46 paediatric patients (26 boys, 20 girls), ranging in age from 4 to 14 years (mean age±SD 7.78±2.86 years), who were treated in the department of otorhinolaryngology for OME; the control group composed of 30 healthy children (20 boys, 10 girls), ranging in age from 3 to 14 years (mean age±SD 7.20±2.86 years). Triiodothyronine (Free T3), thyroxin (free T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values of 46 children who were treated for OME, in addition to 30 healthy children, were evaluated.Results:Seven patients (15.2%) in the OME group, and one patient (3.3%) in the control group had subclinical hypothyroidism marked only by serum TSH elevations. All of the children in this study, regardless of whether from the subject or control group, had normal serum free T3 and free T4 levels. There was no significant difference between subject and control groups (p>0.05).Conclusion:Although there was no statistically significant difference between subject and control groups in this study, further studies with larger patient groups are needed to investigate the role of hypothyroidism in the aetiology of OME

Influence of the gut microbiome on IgE and non-IgE-mediated food allergies

Congress of the European-Academy-of-Allergy-and-Clinical-Immunology (EAACI) -- MAY 26-30, 2018 -- Munich, GERMANYWOS: 000441690400204Background: The prevalence of food allergy (FA) in children has been increasing in last decade. Recent studies show changes in gut microbiome with FA. However, whether gut microbiome may differ between IgE and non‐IgE‐mediated FA is not defined. The aim of this study is to examine the intestinal microbiome composition in infants with IgE and non‐IgE‐mediated FA and healthy infants. Method: Infants younger than 1‐year‐old, breastfed and diagnosed with FA by a physician were included in the study. DNA was isolated from stool samples of infants with non‐IgE‐mediated FA (n = 25) and IgE‐mediated FA (n = 11) and healthy infants (n = 7). Whole genome shotgun sequencing was applied to identify the composition of microbial DNA (an average depth of 3.1 ± 0.8 million paired end reads and 0.9 ± 0.2 gigabase pairs). Results: There were compositional differences among 3 different groups. Shannon index was significantly higher in IgE‐mediated FA compared to non‐IgE‐mediated FA group (Kruskal‐Wallis test, P = 0.034). Even though β‐diversity was similar, the Sparse Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (sPLS‐DA) demonstrated that there were taxa‐level differences among three groups. In species level, Veillonella parvula was in a significantly higher density in healthy infants compared to IgE and non‐IgE‐mediated FA groups. Rahnella aquatilis and Lactobacillus salivarius were significantly lower and Treponema succinifaciens significantly higher in IgE‐mediated FA group compared to other groups. Additionally, Prevotella sp. oral taxon 299 was significantly lower in non‐IgE‐mediated FA group compared to others. Prevotella sp oral taxon 299 was related to mucus in stool whereas urticaria related species were Olsenall uli, Bactreoides thetaiotaomicron, Klebsiella variiocola, Rahnella aquatilis, Treponema succinfaciens, Ethanoligenens harbinenese. Conclusion: Analysis of microbiome differences in FA patients may aid in the understanding of the disease process. The present data suggest that there are compositional variations mostly in species‐ level among infants with FA and healthy ones. Our results suggest that the gut microbiome has a stronger relationship to IgE‐mediated than non‐IgE‐mediated FA. Further functional analysis of the microbiome may help better understand the changes seen in the gut microbiome in FAs and improve our knowledge in the disease etiopathology.European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunolog

Dünyada Göçmenlerin Eğitim Alanındaki Sorununa İlişkin Yasal Düzenlemeler

Göç, gelişmiş toplumlara olumlu veya olumsuz etkileri olabilen nüfusların yer değiştirme hareketi olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu nüfus hareketliliğinin çeşitleri ve etkileri değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu değişiklikler ülkelere göre de çeşitlilik gösterebilmektedir. Bu değişiklikler, beraberindeki sorunların çözümlerini ve göçün topluma olan etkilerini ortaya çıkarması açısından önemlidir. Göç alan ülkelerin genel durumlarına bakıldığı zaman ülkelerin kendilerine ait bir göçmen politikası uygulaması, göçmenleri eğitme politikası ve kendi hukuk düzenlerinde düzenlemeler yapılması zorunluluk olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Göçmenlerin sorun olmaktan çıkarılıp onların topluma uyumunun sağlanması, göçmen eğitimindeki temel yolların başında gelmektedir. Eğitim alan insanların, toplumsal kurallara uymaları ve sosyolojik olarak topluma kendilerini adapte etmeleri daha kolaylaşır. Göç insanların ister kendi ülkeleri içerisinde isterse dış ülkelere yapılsın amaç kendi yaşadıkları bölgenin kötü koşullarından kurtularak daha iyi koşullar elde etmek içindir. Göçmenler çoğu zaman karma sebeplerle göç etmiş, insanların yer değiştirmelerine sebep olan durumlar, yaşanılan yer ve zamana göre değişiklik göstermiştir. Ekonomik rahatlık arayışı, çatışma ya da şiddetten uzaklaşma, politik düzensizlikler, siyasi sığınma isteği, mevcut durumlarına göre şartları daha uygun eğitim imkânları gibi çok farklı etkenden sebebiyle kişisel veya toplu göç hareketleri oluşmuştur ve oluşacaktır. Günümüzde ırkçılık kurumsal alanlarda gözle görülmez ancak derinden hissedilir olduğu bir zamana ırkçılığın artık abartılı ve saldırgan bir şekilde kendini gösterdiği zamandan doğru değişmiştir. Oluşabilecek tepkilerden çekinilmesi sebebiyle kurumsal birçok alanda ırkçılığın devam etmesinin önüne geçilmesiyle birlikte hala bu tutumun zihinlerde yer ettiği görülmektedir. Bundan dolayı hem bireysel hem de toplumsal anlamda sivil toplum örgütlerinin rolü bu alanda daha çok hissedilmektedir Dünyadaki göçmen sorununu çözmek için ülkeler, eğitim alanına ait kendi kanunlarında yeni yasal değişiklikler ve düzenlemeler yapmaktadır. Bu yasal düzenlemeler ülke içerisinde dahi değişiklikler göstermektedir. Günümüz dünyasında göç sorununa yönelik “çok kültürlülük anlayışı“ doğrultusunda uygulamalar yapılmaktadır. Çok kültürlülük çalışmaları toplumsal algının değişmesini ve kültürel çeşitliliği sağlamaktadır. Bunun için yapılan eğitim faaliyetleri, ülkelerin ve toplumların da eğitimiyle mümkün olmaktadır. Göçmen sorunlarının çözümüne yönelik daha gelenekçi anlayışlarda ise eğitimi “asimilasyon yoluyla“ yapılan politikalar çözüm yolu gibi görünse de eğitimin hedeflenen olumlu sonuçlarından ziyade olumsuz sonuçlara yol açtığı görülmektedir

Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: international matched, prospective, cohort study

Despite current guidelines, intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery remains widespread. Drains were not associated with earlier detection of intraperitoneal collections, but were associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of surgical-site infections.Background Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice. Methods COMPASS (COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery) was a prospective, international, cohort study which enrolled consecutive adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery (February to March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included: rate and time to diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections; rate of surgical site infections (SSIs); time to discharge; and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade at least III). After propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the independent association of the secondary outcomes with drain placement. Results Overall, 1805 patients from 22 countries were included (798 women, 44.2 per cent; median age 67.0 years). The drain insertion rate was 51.9 per cent (937 patients). After matching, drains were not associated with reduced rates (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 2.23; P = 0.287) or earlier detection (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 0.33 to 2.31; P = 0.780) of collections. Although not associated with worse major postoperative complications (OR 1.09, 0.68 to 1.75; P = 0.709), drains were associated with delayed hospital discharge (HR 0.58, 0.52 to 0.66; P < 0.001) and an increased risk of SSIs (OR 2.47, 1.50 to 4.05; P < 0.001). Conclusion Intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery is not associated with earlier detection of postoperative collections, but prolongs hospital stay and increases SSI risk

The effect of taurıne on endotoxın medıated eNOS, iNOS, MPO and Xanthıne oxıdase expressıon

Bu çalışmada endotoksin uygulandıktan sonraki 6. saatte kobaylarda karaciğer, kalp, böbrek ve beyin dokularına ait eNOS, iNOS, MPO ve XO enzimlerinin ekspresyonları incelendi. Diğer taraftan bu enzim ekspresyonları üzerine taurinin etkisi araştırıldı. Bu amaçla kontrol, endotoksemi, taurin ve endotoksemi+ taurin olmak üzere 4 farklı kobay grubu oluşturuldu. Bunun için 4 mg/kg endotoksin ve 300 mg/kg taurin intraperitonel olarak uygulandı. Kontrol grubuna ise intraperitonel serum fizyolojik verildi. Uygulamadan 6 saat sonra ise tüm grupların karaciğer, kalp, beyin ve böbrek dokuları alındı ve bu dokularda eNOS, iNOS, MPO ve XO enzimlerinin ekspresyonları RT-PCR yöntemi ile tayin edildi. Tüm dokularda, endotoksin uygulandıktan sonra eNOS ekspresyonu sabit kalırken iNOS, MPO ve XO enzimlerinin ekspresyonlarının arttığı gözlendi. Antiinflamatuvar ve antioksidan özelliği bilinen taurinin bu enzimlerin ekspresyonları üzerine olan etkisi tüm dokularda araştırıldı. Taurinin eNOS ekspresyonu üzerinde hiçbir etkisi görülmezken iNOS ekspresyonunu tüm dokularda inhibe ettiği görüldü. Taurinin XO ekspresyonu üzerine karaciğer ve kalp dokusunda gözlenen etkisi ilginçti. Endotoksin etkisi ile artan XO ekspresyonunun taurin verilmesinden sonra daha fazla artığı görüldü. Beyin ve böbrek dokusunda ise taurin XO ekspresyonu üzerine etkisiz kaldı. MPO ekspresyonu ile ilgili olarak tüm dokularda birbirine benzer bulgular elde edildi. Endotoksin aracılı MPO artışı taurin verildikten sonra aynı seviyede kaldı. Taurinin endotoksin ile birlikte verildiğinde MPO oluşumunu aynı düzeyde tutarak hücreleri korumaya çalıştığını düşünmekteyiz.In this study we aimed to investigate the eNOS, iNOS, MPO and XO enzymes expression profiles at liver, heart, kidney and brain tissues of rats at 6th hour after endotoxin administration. For this purpose, guinea pigs were divided into 4 groups as; contol, endotoxine, taurine and endotoxine plus taurine. 4 mg/kg endotoxine and 300 mg/kg taurine was administared intraperitonally to the animals. Only serum physiologic was adminastered to the control group. Six hours after administration, liver, heart, kidney and brain tissues of all groups were collected and examined the expression levels of eNOS, iNOS, MPO ve XO enzymes via RT-PCR procedure. After endotoxin administration, iNOS, MPO and XO expressions were found to be upregulated while eNOS expression was constant at al tissues. Taurine has been known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The effect of taurine on the expression of these enzymes was also invesigated at all tissues. It was detected that taurine has an inhibitory effect on iNOS expression at all tissues but has no effect on eNOS expression. The effect of taurine on the liver and heart tissues XO expression was interesting. The increased XO expression after endotoxin exposure was seen to be more upregulated after taurine administration. At brain and kidney tissues, taurine had no effect on XO expression. Regarding to MPO expression all tissues showed similar results. The degree of endotoxin mediated MPO increase stayed at the same degree. We think that when taurine was applied with endotoxin, it tends to protect cells by preventing the inhibition of MPO expression

Surface Coil Winding Profile for Obtaining a Uniform Magnetic Field inside a Spheroidal Body

Uniform magnetic field generation is one of the key issues in many physical applications; such as magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic probs etc. There are many ways to obtain highly homogeneous fields. For instance, ellipsoidal bodies - and in special, spheroids - naturally maintain uniform magnetic field inside their bodies, without any need for shimming. Thanks to their rotational symmetry in addition, spheroids are easier to produce and handle, and therefore deserve more emphasis. However, creating a uniform magnetic field inside a spheroid is only possible via maintaining certain current profiles on its surface. In this paper we have derived exact surface coil winding profiles for both prolate and oblate spheroids by reorganizing state of the art derivations in the literature and correcting them whenever necessary