Self-medication with antibiotics: questionnaire survey among primary care center attendants

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and reasons for self-medication with antibiotics within the last 12 months among primary healthcare center attendants aged 18 or over, in Ankara. Methods A questionnaire was applied by face to face interview technique to 2696 subjects attending at five primary healthcare centers. Information on demographic characteristics, intention to self-medication with antibiotics and self-medication within last 12 months were collected. Results It was found that 28% of the subjects were storing antibiotics at home. The percentage of self-administering antibiotics was 19.1% in the last 12 months. The most common reasons for self-administration of antibiotics were sore throat (59.6%), fever (46.2%), and cough (40.0%). Other reasons were dental infection, rheumatism, and fatigue. According to age groups, the most common self-medicating group was those aged 40–49 with 23% while the least self-usage was in the 60–69 age groups with 11.8%. Male sex, being single, educational level of secondary school or higher, being employed and not having social security increased self-administration of antibiotics ( p<0.05). Conclusions The study indicated the need for legal regulations regarding the sale of antibiotics without prescription and, health education is required for the community to decrease the inappropriate use of antibiotics and self-medication

Retospective analysis of risk factors, etiological factors and treatment options in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis

PURPOSE: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is not a common disease. It is known to have a varied clinical spectrum. There is too much cause of the etiology of disease. In this manuscript we discussed our patients initial symptoms, cause of CVT and our patients' prognosis. MATERIALS and METHODS: This study was a retrospective database analysis of 29 patients who had CVT followed from 2004 to 2010. All of the patients had cranial magnetic resonans imaging (MR) and Mr /Computarized Tomography (CT) venography. RESULTS: There were 27 female, 2 male in this study. Mean age of the patients was 34.97 ±12.79 years old. Only eight patients had abnormal neurological examination (4 patients papilloedema, 2 patients confusion, 1 patient cerebellar dysfunction, 1 patient homonymous hemianopsia). Initial symptoms of patients were headache(n=19), epileptic seizures (n=6), blurred vision (n=1), diplopia (n=2) and one of the patient had vertigo. Ten patients had only one sinus thrombosis however 19 patients had more than one sinus thrombosis. Thrombotic risk factors were found in 21 patients. Most important risc factor were pregnancy, postpartum condition, oral contraceptive usage and acquired hypercoagulable disease. CONCLUSION: CVT is rare but important condition. Sometimes non specific headache is a herald of this condition. Especially pregnancy and postpartum period are susceptibility of this condition

Zihin Engelliler Öğretmen Adaylarının Öğretmenlik Uygulaması Dersine ve Uygulama Okullarına İlişkin Beklentilerinin Belirlenmesi

Bu çalışmanın amacı, özel eğitim öğretmen adaylarının Öğretmenlik Uygulaması dersine ve dersin yürütüldüğü uygulama okullarına ilişkin beklentilerinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya, zihin engeliler öğretmenliği programına devam eden ve Öğretmenlik Uygulaması I dersini alan 75 özel eğitim öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Veriler, açık-uçlu sorulardan oluşmuş, yarı-yapılandırılmış bir görüşme formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analiz kullanılmıştır. Değerlendiriciler arası güvenirlik ortalama %97 bulunmuştur. Bulgular, öğretmen adaylarının Öğretmenlik Uygulaması dersiyle ilgili beklentilerinin, dersin amacı, içeriği, işlenişi ve değerlendirmesiyle tutarlı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Öğretmen adaylarının dersin öğretim elemanından hem mesleki hem de kişisel beklentileri olduğu görülmektedir. Öğretmen adayları ayrıca, dersin yürütüldüğü uygulama okullarına ilişkin hem fiziksel hem de sosyal beklentilere; uygulama okulundaki personele ilişkin ise hem mesleki hem de kişisel beklentilere sahiptir. Çalışmanın bulguları, uygulamalara ve ileriki araştırmalara ilişkin öneriler açısından tartışılmıştır

EVALUATION OF THE CYTOTOXICITY OF THREE DIFFERENT DENTURE BASE RESIN MATERIALS IN VITRO

Bu çalısmanın amacı, ısı ile polimerize olan akrilik rezin, kimyasal olarak polimerize olan akrilik rezin ve asetal rezinin 1. saat ve 1.,3.,5.,7.,14. günlük inkübasyon süreleri sonunda sitotoksistelerinin L-929 fare fibroblast hücrelerinde incelenmesidir. Her bir inkübasyon süresi için 5 örnek, aseptik kosullarda 10 mm çapında ve 1 mm kalınlığında olacak sekilde, steril kalıplarda hazırlanmıstır. Sitotoksisite sonuçları MTT testi ile değerlendirilmistir. Grup ortalamalarının karsılastırılması için tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) kullanılmıstır. Kontrol grubu ile deney gruplarının karsılastırılmasında çoklu karsılastırma testlerinden Dunnet; diğer karsılastırmalarda Tukey HSD yapılmıstır. Rezin örneklerin bütün inkübasyon periyotlarında istatistiksel olarak farklılık gözlenmistir. Sonuç olarak, bütün inkübasyon sürelerinde, kimyasal olarak polimerize olan akrilik rezin, ısı ile polimerize olan akrilik rezinden daha fazla sitotoksik etki göstermistir. Isı ile polimerize olan akrilik rezin ve kimyasal olarak polimerize olan akrilik rezin 1. günde en yüksek değerde sitotoksik etki göstermistir. Asetal rezin, 5. günde en yüksek değerde sitotoksisite gösterirken; 7. ve 14. günlerde sitotoksik etkide azalma gözlenmistir.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of the heat-polymerized and auto-polymerized acrylic resins; and acetal resin as denture base materials on L-929 mouse fibroblast cells over 1st hour, 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th days period. Five samples of each resin were fabricated under aseptic conditions in sterile moulds 12 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick for every incubation period. Cytotoxicity of resins was measured by MTT test. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA. Tukey and Dunnet tests were used to determine differences among the groups. Statistically significant difference was found among test groups at all time incubation periods. The results showed that; the auto-poymerized resin showed more cytotoxic effect than heat-polymerized resin in all time periods. The autopolymerized resin and heat-polymerized resin showed highest cytoyoxic effect on the first day; however acetal resin showed highest cytotoxic effect on the 5th day than heat and auto-polymerized resin; the cytotoxic effect of acetal resin decreased on 7th and 14th days periods

Investigación sobre la relación entre síntomas observados en pacientes en hemodiálisis con la adecuación de diálisis y rasgos de personalidad

Objectives: Investigates the relation between the symptoms seen in haemodialysis patients with haemodialysis adequacy and character traits. Background: Investigation of the factors affecting symptoms seen in haemodialysis patients would lead to better understanding of the causes behind the symptoms and enable efficient symptom control management. Design: This descriptive and analytical study was conducted between January and June 2019 at two dialysis centres in Turkey. Methods: The data was collected though Demographic Information Form, The Dialysis Symptom Index, the Big Five Inventory and by calculating Kt/V and URR (Urea Reduction Rate) values for dialysis adequacy. Results: It was found that 77.6% of the haemodialysis patients experience 6 or more symptoms and the most common symptoms are feeling tired or lack of energy (70.7%), and the most severe symptom is numbness or tingling in feet (3.13 ± 3.12). While 70.9% of the participants’ Kt/V value was calculated as above 1.4; no statistically significant relation was found between Kt/V value and psychological and physiological symptoms (p>0.05). It was determined that haemodialysis patients with high neuroticism trait experience increased symptoms of tiredness, irritability, sadness, worrying; and patients with extraversion trait experience these symptoms less severely (p 0,05). Se observó que los pacientes de hemodiálisis con alto rasgo de neuroticismo experimentan síntomas aumentados de cansancio, irritabilidad, tristeza, preocupación; y los pacientes con rasgo de extraversión desarrollan estos síntomas con menos gravedad (p <0,05). Conclusión: Aunque este estudio halló una relación entre los síntomas experimentados y los rasgos de personalidad (neuroticismo, extraversión), no se observó relación con la adecuación de la diálisis. Es necesario que el personal de enfermería planifique iniciativas considerando no solo los parámetros bioquímicos de los pacientes, sino también sus rasgos de personalidad al lidiar con los síntomas de hemodiálisis