In vitro antibacterial-antibiofilm effect of Hypericum atomarium Boiss and chemical composition

Treatment with plant is considered an effective option against increased antibiotic resistance. In this study antibiofilm activity of methanol (CH3OH), chloroform (CHCl3), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and water (H2O) extracts of Hypericum atomarium Boiss. which is member of Hypericum genus was evaluated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and antibacterial performance against Gram (+) and Gram (-) strains and also bioactive compounds of extract were analysed using by HPLC and GC-MS. According to antibacterial activity test results the extracts were effective all Gram (+) bacteria and Gram (-) Chromobacterium violaceum (MICs ranging from 0.42 μg/ml to 4.3 mg). Inhibition effect of biofilm formation was found to be different rate in extracts (methanol-63%, chloroform-52%). The major flavonoids were detected (−)-epicatechin (2388.93 μg/ml) and (+)-catechin (788.94 μg/ml). The main phenolic acids were appeared as caffeic acid 277.34 μg/ml and chlorogenic acid 261.79 μg/ml. And according to GC results α-pinene was found main compound for three solvent extracts methanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate 67.05, 62.69, 49.28% rate respectively

Metaphorıcal perceptıons of parents’ on the chıldren’s rıghts

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ilkokul öğrencilerinin ebeveynlerinin “Çocuk Hakları” kavramına ilişkin algılarını metaforlar aracılığıyla belirlemektir. Araştırma 2017-2018 öğretim yılının bahar döneminde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını çocukları ilkokul öğrenimine devam eden 157 anne, 66 baba olmak üzere 223 ebeveyn oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenoloji deseni kullanılmıştır. Veriler, “Çocuk hakları………..gibidir. Çünkü………” şeklinde hazırlanan görüş bildirme formu aracılığıyla toplanmış ve ebeveynlerden bu formu doldurmaları istenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler nitel veri analizi tekniklerinden içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda ebeveynler çocuk haklarına yönelik toplam 209 metafor geliştirmişlerdir. Bu durum ebeveynlerin çocuk hakları konusunda farkındalığa sahip olmaları ve bu araştırmaya katkı sağlama noktasında istekli olmalarından kaynaklandığı şeklinde yorumlanmıştır. Geliştirilen metaforlar Çocuk Hakları Sözleşmesinde yer alan maddelerden hareketle benzer yönlerine göre “Yaşama Hakkı”, “Korunma Hakkı”, “Gelişme Hakkı”, “Katılım Hakkı” ve “Hakların Uygulanması” olmak üzere 5 kategoride toplanmıştır. Ebeveynler tüm kategoriler içerisinden Hakların Uygulanması kategorisinde en fazla, Katılım Hakkı kategorisinde en az metafor geliştirmişlerdir. Sonuç olarak çocuk haklarının ebeveynler tarafından korunması, taviz verilmemesi gereken, önemli ve gerekli bir olgu olarak algılandığı görülmüştür.The aim of this study is to identify the perceptions of the parents whose children are attending primary education about the concept of children’s rights through metaphors. Qualitative research method was used in this study. More specifically, the phenomenology design was used in this research. The participants are 223 parents (157 mothers and 66 fathers) whose children were attending three different primary schools serving for children from similar socioeconomic status during the school year of 2017-2018 The data of the study were collected using semi-structured forms developed by the authors. Following the instructions the form includes the following statement which the participants are asked to fill in the blanks: “Children’s rights are like ..... Because…………………………”. The data obtained were examined using the content analysis which is part of the qualitative data analysis techniques. The result of the research, it has been seen that parents have developed a total of 209 metaphors. The metaphors according to similar aspects, developed were divided into 5 categories as ”Right to Life”, “Right to Protection”, “Right of Participation”, “Right of development” and “Execution of Rights”. The findings on the metaphors produced by the participants and their justifications indicate that for the participants the children’s rights are significant and that these rights should be protected and given to children completely without compromising any rights

Cost-Effectiveness of Breast Cancer Screening in Turkey, a Developing Country: Results from Bahçeşehir Mammography Screening Project

Objective: We used the results from the first three screening rounds of Bahcesehir Mammography Screening Project (BMSP), a 10-year (20092019) and the first organized population-based screening program implemented in a county of Istanbul, Turkey, to assess the potential cost-effectiveness of a population-based mammography screening program in Turkey. Materials and Methods: Two screening strategies were compared: BMSP (includes three biennial screens for women between 40-69) and Turkish National Breast Cancer Registry Program (TNBCRP) which includes no organized population-based screening. Costs were estimated using direct data from the BMSP project and the reimbursement rates of Turkish Social Security Administration. The life-years saved by BMSP were estimated using the stage distribution observed with BMSP and TNBCRP. Results: A total of 67 women (out of 7234 screened women) were diagnosed with breast cancer in BMSP. The stage distribution for AJCC stages O, I, II, III, IV was 19.4%, 50.8%, 20.9%, 7.5%, 1.5% and 4.9%, 26.6%, 44.9%, 20.8%, 2.8% with BMSP and TNBCRP, respectively. The BMSP program is expected to save 279.46 life years over TNBCRP with an additional cost of $677.171, which implies an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of$ 2.423 per saved life year. Since the ICER is smaller than the Gross Demostic Product (GDP) per capita in Turkey ($ 10.515 in 2014), BMSP program is highly cost-effective and remains cost-effective in the sensitivity analysis. Conclusion: Mammography screening may change the stage distribution of breast cancer in Turkey. Furthermore, an organized population-based screening program may be cost-effective in Turkey and in other developing countries. More research is needed to better estimate life-years saved with screening and further validate the findings of our study.Roche Turkey; Breast Health Society of Turkey (MEMEDER); Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program, through the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) [UL1TR000427]; NATIONAL CENTER FOR ADVANCING TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCESUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) [UL1TR000427] Funding Source: NIH RePORTERThe study was funded by Roche Turkey and in part by the Breast Health Society of Turkey (MEMEDER). Also, it was partially supported by the Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program, through the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), grant UL1TR000427. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH

Analysis of animation films according to social studies teaching program

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Küçük Prens, Ters Yüz, Yukarı Bak, Oyuncak Hikayesi 3 ve Wall-E adlı 5 animasyon filminin 4. sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler Dersi Öğretim Programında yer alan öğrenme alanları, kazanımlar, beceriler ve değerler açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman inceleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda seçilen animasyon filmlerin Sosyal Bilgiler dersi öğretimine yardımcı olacak eğitsel bir araç olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada Yukarı Bak filmi yedi öğrenme alanı içerisinden beş tanesinde en fazla ilişkilendirme yapılan film olmuştur. Araştırmanın bulgularından elde edilen sonuca göre tüm filmler bazında, kazanımlar açısından en fazla ilişkilendirmeye sahip olan öğrenme alanı İnsanlar Yerler ve Çevreler olmuştur. Tüm filmler incelendiğinde kazanımlar açısından en fazla ilişkilendirme “SB. 4.4.5 Teknolojik ürünleri kendisine, başkalarına ve doğaya zarar vermeden kullanır.” kazanımıyla yapılmıştır. İncelenen tüm filmlerde SB.4.2.1, SB.4.3.6, SB.4.4.1, SB.4.4.3 ve SB.4.6.3 kazanımları en az ilişkilendirilebilen kazanımlar olmuştur. Animasyon filmler beceriler açısından incelendiğinde en fazla ilişkilendirilebilen beceri işbirliği becerisi olurken, en az ilişkilendirilen hukuk okuryazarlığı ve tablo, grafik ve diyagram okuma ve yorumlama becerileri olmuştur. Animasyon filmler değerler açısından incelendiğinde en fazla ilişkilendirilebilen değer yardımseverlik, en az ilişkilendirilebilen barış, eşitlik ve vatanseverlik değerleri olmuştur.The aim of this study is to investigate the five distinct animation movies ‘The Little Prince, Inside Out, Up, Toy Story 3 and Wall-E’ in terms of the learning fields, acquisition, skills and values within the Social Studies Teaching Program at the fourth grade. In this research document analiysis, one of the qualitative research method, was used. Data was analysed by means of content analysis. As a result of the study, it was discovered that the selected animation movies could be utilised as an educational tool to support Social Studies course teaching. The movie ‘Up’ was specified as the movie which could provide the highest level of association with five learning fields over seven as a consequence of the study. According to the findings from the data obtained, the learning field which demonstrated the highest level of association considering the ‘acquisition’ concern was found as ‘People, Places and Environments’. When all movies were examined, the highest level of association in terms of acquisition was generated through Social Studies 4.4.5 “He/she utilizes technological equipment without harming other people or nature” type of acquisition. Among all movies, the lowest level of association corresponding to acquisition was within SS.4.2.1, SS.4.3.6, SS.4.4.1, SS.4.4.3 and SS.4.6.3. When animation movies were investigated with regard to skills, the most associated skill was cooperation, and the least one was discovered as law literacy, reading tables, graphs and diagrams and their interpretation. When animation movies were investigated with regard to values, the most associated value was helpfulness and the least were peace, equality and patriotism

Fotoğrafta gerçeğin saptırılması ve yeni/başka gerçeklik arayışları

ÖZET İnsanlık varoluşundan beri ‘gerçek’ dünya ile çevrelenmiş olmasına rağmen, hep kendi öznel gerçeğini oluşturmuş ve bu gerçeklikle yaşamıştır. Gerçeklik, her bireyin kendi bakış açısıyla oluşturduğu izlenimler aracılığıyla algılandığından, onu mutlak ve genel geçerli bir tanıma indirgemek ve ifade edebilmek olası değildir. Yaşamını anlamlandırma isteği, bireyi felsefi düşünmeye ve üretmeye iterken, yaratma dürtüsünün getirisi olan gerçeklik arayışları sanatla doğrudan ilişkilidir. Teknolojik gelişmeler doğrultusunda 19. yüzyılın ortalarında fotoğrafın devreye girmesi ile, görüntüler ve gerçeklik arasındaki ilişki bambaşka bir tartışma ortamına taşınır. Fotoğrafı, dış gerçekliği ‘tarafsız’ ve ‘birebir’ yeniden üretip çoğaltabilen bir araç olarak görmek ile, sanatsal anlatı dilini oluşturacak yaratıcı bir ifade biçimi olarak görmek arasındaki ikilem nedeniyle; bu karmaşık ilişki hiç bir zaman yalın ve net bir biçimde açıklanamaz. İnsanlık gün geçtikçe teknolojinin de hiç sorgulanmaksızın kullanılması sonucu, duyarsızlaşmaktadır. Sistem yavaş yavaş insan ve doğa arasına koyduğu mesafeyi artırırken toplumu dış dünya gerçekliğinden koparır. Gerçeklik arayışı ve sanatsal kaygı da, artık yalnızca geri kalan her şey gibi ‘tüketilmek’ için vardır. Dolayısıyla bugüne değin tanımlanmış tüm kavramların içi boşalır. Kitlesel iletişim araçları içi boşaltılmış anlamları yineleyerek, gerçeği unutturur ve toplumları kendilerine yabancılaştırır. Etrafımız bireysel olarak asla algılayamayacağımız kadar çok fotoğrafla donatılmış durumdadır. Bu fotoğraflar dünyanın gerçekliğiyle olan ilişkimizi dönüştürerek, yeni, yabancılaşmış bir “görme etiği” oluşturur. Platon’un Mağara Alegorisi’ne atıfla; koşullar değişmiş olsa bile, bizler hala Platon’un mağarasında oturmaya devam ediyoruz. Günümüzde birer ifade ve iletişim kurma biçimi olan fotoğraflar, görselliğimizi somutlaştırdığımız kişiye özel gerçeklik arayışlarıdır. Fotografik süreç, görünüşlerin birebir tasvirlerinin kaydedilmesinin ötesine geçen ve örtücünün kapanmasından sonra gerçekleşen bir gerçekliğe dönüşüyor. İÇİNDEKİLER ÖNSÖZ………………………………………………………………………….I İÇİNDEKİLER………………………………………………………...II, III FOTOĞRAFLAR DİZİNİ………………………………….………………IV ESER DİZİNİ………………………………………………..……V, VI, VII GENEL BİLGİLER VE ÖZET……………………………………..VIII, IX GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND ABSTRACT……………………….X, XI 1. FELSEFEDE GERÇEKLİK OLGUSU VE EVRİMİ…………………..1 1.1 İLK DÜŞÜNCELER VE MAĞARA ALEGORİSİ………………………………….1 1.2 YARATMA DÜRTÜSÜ, GERÇEKLİK ARAYIŞLARI VE MİMESİS……….6 1.3 GERÇEKLİK VE GÖSTERGEBİLİM………………………………………………….8 2. FOTOĞRAFTA GERÇEKLİK OLGUSU VE EVRİMİ……………..10 2.1 “FOTOĞRAF=GERÇEK” PARADOKSU………………………………………….10 2.1.1 “BLOW-UP” FİLMİNİN İNCELENMESİ………………………………………15 2.2 ÇAĞDAŞ YAŞAMIN VAZGEÇİLMEZİ OLARAK FOTOĞRAF……………17 2.3 TÜKETİM MALZEMESİ OLARAK FOTOĞRAF…………………………………19 2.4 ALGI, GERÇEKLİK VE FOTOĞRAF……………………………………………….22 2.5 SLAVOJ ŽİŽEK’İN JACQUES LACAN ÜZERİNDEN GERÇEKLİK SORGULAMALARI………………………………………………………………………………23 2.6 FOTOĞRAFTA GERÇEKLİĞİ FARKLI YORUMLAYAN FOTOĞRAFÇILAR……………………………………………………………………………….30 3. ESER ÇALIŞMALARI AÇIKLAMASI VE SONUÇ………………..39 4. ESER ÇALIŞMALARI: ALTERNATİF GERÇEKLİK……………..45 4.1 SİYAH BEYAZ SERİ………………………………………………………………………45 4.2 RENKLİ SERİ……………………………………………………………………………….56 KAYNAKÇA…………………………………..69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75 -------------------- Humanity has been surrounded by a ‘real’ world since it’s existence, human beings has always created their own subjective reality and maintained their habit of living by it. Reality is through each individual’s own impressions, that’s the reason why it is not possible to reduce and render it to an absolute and de facto recognition. The desire to make sense out of his life pushes the individual into philosophical thinking and production; the urge to create comes about the search for reality which is also directly linked to or related to art. As a result of the technological developments in the middle of the 19th century, the introduction of the photograph brings out the relationship between images and reality to a completely different discussion environment. Due to the dilemma between seeing the photograph as a means to reproduce external reality ‘objectively’ and ‘as is’ or seeing it as a creative form of expression which is constituent of the artistic narrative language; the complex relationship can never simply and clearly be explained. Today photography is a form of expression and communication, through which we search for our own specific reality and embody our visuality. The infinite information access provided by the Internet and the means of the digital age provide endless freedom and opportunity for us to produce our own realities. The photographic process turns into an event and reality that goes beyond the recording of one-to-one descriptions of appearances and begins to take place after the shutter closes

Metaphorical perceptions of parents’ on the children’s rights

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ilkokul öğrencilerinin ebeveynlerinin “Çocuk Hakları” kavramına ilişkin algılarını metaforlar aracılığıyla belirlemektir. Araştırma 2017-2018 öğretim yılının bahar döneminde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını çocukları ilkokul öğrenimine devam eden 157 anne, 66 baba olmak üzere 223 ebeveyn oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenoloji deseni kullanılmıştır. Veriler, “Çocuk hakları………..gibidir. Çünkü………” şeklinde hazırlanan görüş bildirme formu aracılığıyla toplanmış ve ebeveynlerden bu formu doldurmaları istenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler nitel veri analizi tekniklerinden içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda ebeveynler çocuk haklarına yönelik toplam 209 metafor geliştirmişlerdir. Bu durum ebeveynlerin çocuk hakları konusunda farkındalığa sahip olmaları ve bu araştırmaya katkı sağlama noktasında istekli olmalarından kaynaklandığı şeklinde yorumlanmıştır. Geliştirilen metaforlar Çocuk Hakları Sözleşmesinde yer alan maddelerden hareketle benzer yönlerine göre “Yaşama Hakkı”, “Korunma Hakkı”, “Gelişme Hakkı”, “Katılım Hakkı” ve “Hakların Uygulanması” olmak üzere 5 kategoride toplanmıştır. Ebeveynler tüm kategoriler içerisinden Hakların Uygulanması kategorisinde en fazla, Katılım Hakkı kategorisinde en az metafor geliştirmişlerdir. Sonuç olarak çocuk haklarının ebeveynler tarafından korunması, taviz verilmemesi gereken, önemli ve gerekli bir olgu olarak algılandığı görülmüştür.The aim of this study is to identify the perceptions of the parents whose children are attending primary education about the concept of children’s rights through metaphors. Qualitative research method was used in this study. More specifically, the phenomenology design was used in this research. The participants are 223 parents (157 mothers and 66 fathers) whose children were attending three different primary schools serving for children from similar socioeconomic status during the school year of 2017-2018 The data of the study were collected using semi-structured forms developed by the authors. Following the instructions the form includes the following statement which the participants are asked to fill in the blanks: “Children’s rights are like ..... Because…………………………”. The data obtained were examined using the content analysis which is part of the qualitative data analysis techniques. The result of the research, it has been seen that parents have developed a total of 209 metaphors. The metaphors according to similar aspects, developed were divided into 5 categories as ”Right to Life”, “Right to Protection”, “Right of Participation”, “Right of development” and “Execution of Rights”. The findings on the metaphors produced by the participants and their justifications indicate that for the participants the children’s rights are significant and that these rights should be protected and given to children completely without compromising any rights

In vitro antibacterial-antibiofilm effect of Hypericum atomarium Boiss and chemical composition

Abstract Treatment with plant is considered an effective option against increased antibiotic resistance. In this study antibiofilm activity of methanol (CH3OH), chloroform (CHCl3), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and water (H2O) extracts of Hypericum atomarium Boiss. which is member of Hypericum genus was evaluated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and antibacterial performance against Gram (+) and Gram (-) strains and also bioactive compounds of extract were analysed using by HPLC and GC-MS. According to antibacterial activity test results the extracts were effective all Gram (+) bacteria and Gram (-) Chromobacterium violaceum (MICs ranging from 0.42 μg/ml to 4.3 mg). Inhibition effect of biofilm formation was found to be different rate in extracts (methanol-63%, chloroform-52%). The major flavonoids were detected (−)-epicatechin (2388.93 μg/ml) and (+)-catechin (788.94 μg/ml). The main phenolic acids were appeared as caffeic acid 277.34 μg/ml and chlorogenic acid 261.79 μg/ml. And according to GC results α-pinene was found main compound for three solvent extracts methanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate 67.05, 62.69, 49.28% rate respectively

Changing patterns of hepatitis A and E sero-prevalences in children after the 1999 earthquakes in Duzce, Turkey

WOS: 000254501100010PubMed: 17999670Hepatitis A and E are enteric viral diseases that are characteristically found in developing countries. Sero-epidemiological data about both infections showed higher prevalence rates soon after the 1999 earthquakes in Duzce, Turkey. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the data 4 years after the earthquakes. The study group included 589 children (72.3% boys) who were between the ages of 6 months and 17 years (mean age 11.5 years). The children were separated into three groups: Group 1 (ages 6 months to 5.9 years), Group 2 (ages 6.0-12.9 years) and Group 3 (ages 13.0-17.0 years). Serum anti-hepatitis A virus IgG and anti-hepatitis E virus IgG were determined using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The data were tested for statistical significance with the chi(2)-test. The sero-prevalence rates of hepatitis A and E were 63.8% and 0.3%, respectively. The sero-prevalence rates of both hepatitis A and E increased with age, and there was no significant difference between the genders. Hepatitis A infection was associated with socio-economic condition, crowded living environment, and education level of the family (P < 0.01). Hepatitis A infection is still common, whereas hepatitis E infection appears to be relatively rare in paediatric age groups in Duzce, Turkey

Simulation based design and fabrication of a PPy coated PDMS based pressure sensor

Flexible sensors have attracted widespread attention because of their highly desired multifunctionality such as flexibility, high sensitivity, and large workable range in electronic skin or wearable health monitoring applications. Among these, piezoresistive pressure sensors are expected to deliver these functions in a stable fashion whilst being produced in a low cost and scalable manner. It is known that sensor performance directly depends on the 3D geometrical and material composition. In this study a flexible pressure sensor with a unique interconnected and porous geometry is designed and fabricated using a simulation based design approach and a two-step manufacturing technique. The substrate of the sensor is cast using Poly- dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) which is known for its mold-release properties and ability to replicate fine features with low shrinkage and excellent elastic properties. The 3D PDMS structures were prepared by mixing base solution and curing agent at a weight ratio of 10:1 following poured onto 3D printed molds and cured at 80 °C for over 2 h. The sensing capability of the composite material was achieved by the facile solution based dip coating method of polypyrrole (PPy) thin film onto the PDMS structure. The mechanical and electrical response of the proposed PPy coated PDMS sensor was characterized using compression tests via a multimeter setup integrated to Universal Testing Machine and a four-point probe measurement system. Micro-computed tomography characterizations were used to analyze the cast sensor’s geometrical features. Simulations were carried out using Finite Element Analysis software COMSOL Multiphysics. Both simulations and measurements demonstrate that the proposed sensor delivers a stable piezoresistive behavior with high sensitivity. The proposed production technique’s flexibility to produce sensors with complex 3D geometries combined with the tuning potential of the sensor’s sensitivity should prove useful for a wide range of applications with different desired pressure ranges