Mahur Beste'de insanların dünyası

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 40-Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınarİstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033

Histopathological and biochemical effects of eugenol on alcohol-treated rat liver

The effects of eugenol, which has a high antioxidant capacity, alone and together with ethyl alcohol, an oxidative stress factor, were evaluated histopathologically and biochemically. In this study, 40 Wistar albino female rats weighing 300-390 g were used. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 and fed with standard pellet type feed as ad libitum. Group 1 (Control group) with 3 ml Serum physiological (Sf)/day via gavage to create the same stress as other groups, Group 2 (Ethyl alcohol group), 40% Ethyl alcohol with 3 ml/day via gavage, Group 3 (Eugenol Group) with 50 mg/kg/day via gavage, Group 4 (Ethical alcohol + Eugenol group) was given for 30 days as 40% Ethyl alcohol 3 ml/day via gavage + 50 mg/kg/day via gavage eugenol 3 ml/day via gavage. At the end of the study, biochemical analyzes and histological preparations were made in blood and liver tissue from rats. When eugenol is consumed together with ethyl alcohol, it was found that ethanol reduces hepatotoxicity on the liver. A statistically significant difference was found in AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and TRIG levels in the eugenol rats compared to the alcohol group rats (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between the groups at BILD, BILT, CHOL, AFP and CEA125 levels (p < 0.05). The use of eugenol alone increased the value of TAS. It was determined that the use of eugenol alone decreased the TOS values while increasing the TAS value. According to the biochemical data we obtained, it is possible to say that eugenol reduces the hepatotoxicity formed as a result of ethanol application by changing the oxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of oxidants. The results obtained from histopathological examination of the liver support biochemical data and eugenol have been shown to reduce hepatotoxic effects on the liver when consumed with ethanol. Keywords: Liver; Eugenol; Ethanol; Hepatotoxicity; Antioxidant; Oxidative stress.Yüksek antioksidan kapasiteye sahip olan Öjenol maddesinin tek başına ve bir oksidatif stres etkeni olan etil alkol ile beraber tüketilmesi sonucu karaciğer hasarlanması ve oksidatif stres düzeyindeki etkileri histopatolojik ve biyokimyasal olarak değerlendirildi. Bu çalışmada, 300- 390 g ağırlığında 40 adet Wistar albino dişi sıçan kullanıldı. Sıçanlar rastgele 10’arlı 4 gruba ayrıldı ve standart pellet tipi yem ile ad libitum olarak beslendi. 1. Grup (Kontrol grubu), diğer gruplar ile aynı stresi oluşturmak amacı ile 3 ml Serum fizyolojik (Sf)/gün gavaj ile 2. Grup (Etil alkol grubu), %40’lık Etil alkol 3 ml/gün gavaj ile 3. Grup (Öjenol Grubu), 50 mg/kg/gün gavaj ile, 4. Grup (Etik alkol + Öjenol grubu), %40’lık Etil alkol 3 ml/gün gavaj + 50 mg/kg/gün gavaj ile öjenol 3 ml/gün gavaj yoluyla olacak şekilde 30 gün boyunca verildi. Çalışma sonunda sıçanlardan alınan kan ve karaciğer dokusunda biyokimyasal analizler ve histolojik preparatlar hazırlandı. Öjenol, etil alkol ile beraber tüketildiğinde karaciğer üzerinde etanolün oluşturduğu hepatotoksisiteyi azalttığı tespit edildi. Öjenol grubu sıçanlarda alkol grubu sıçanlara kıyasla AST, ALT, ALP, LDH ve TRİG seviyelerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulundu (p < 0.05). Ancak BİLD, BİLT, CHOL, AFP ve CEA125 seviyelerinde gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunamadı (p < 0.05). Tek başına Öjenol kullanımı TAS değerini arttırırken TOS değerlerini azalttığı belirlendi. Elde ettiğimiz biyokimyasal verilere göre, öjenolün, oksidan-antioksidan dengesini oksidanlar lehine değiştirerek etanol uygulaması sonucunda oluşan hepatotoksisiteyi azalttığını söylemek mümkündür. Karaciğerin histopatolojik incelemesinden elde edilen sonuçlar, biyokimyasal verileri destekler nitelikte olup Öjenolün, etanol ile beraber tüketildiğinde karaciğer üzerinde hepatotoksik etkileri azalttığı görüldü. Anahtar Kelimeler: Karaciğer; Öjenol; Etanol; Hepatotoksisite; Antioksidan; Oksidatif stres. Anahtar Kelime

Mining-Assisted Heavy Oil Production (MAHOP)

This research aims to investigate and compare the ultimate recovery from the largest oil reserve in Turkey (1.85 billion barrels) using a new method called mining-assisted heavy oil production (MAHOP) with conventional SAGD. Tunnels will be excavated from the surface to the reservoir. Fan-shaped up holes will then be drilled in the reservoir from the tunnels.Heavy oil production through these tunnels will be explored using SAGD method. Several numerical models have been designed using CMG’s STARS simulator. Since the fan wells are opened vertically and at certain intervals along the tunnel, both a tight vertical fracturing of these wells and a separate fracture network formed by micro fractures in the vicinity of the fan holes are formed.The validation of these hypotheses has been conducted in CMG which showed that MAHOP gave better results compared to conventional SAGD where two horizontal wells are used. MAHOP gave better recovery values with less steam oil ratios. With the results of the simulation study a laboratory model was designed. Experimental operational parameters using three different wettability cases were simulated to observe recovery by considering several possible physical effects such as steam distillation and in-situ upgrading. Saturation and pressure distributions were also obtained

Sayısal Görüntü İşlemeyle Jeoteknik Karot Loglama

TÜBİTAK MAG Proje01.03.2019Elmaslı sondajla elde edilen karotlar kaya kütlesini sınıflandırmak amacıyla jeoteknik olarakloglanır. Maden endüstrisinde yaygın olarak kullanılan RMR, Q ve GSI olmak üzere üç farklıkaya kütlesi sınıflandırma sistemi vardır. Bu sistemler her ne kadar birbirinden farklı olsalarda, sınıflandırma yapabilmek için benzer verilerin toplanmasına ihtiyaç duyarlar. Verilersondaj karotlarının kayaç dayanımı, süreksizlik aralıkları ve durumları, yer altı suyu durumuve gerilme durumu incelenerek elde edilir. Elde edilen veriler tahkimat gereksinimleri ya daelastik malzeme özelliklerinin tahminini sağlayan kaya kütlesini puanlandırmak amacıylakullanılır. Jeoteknik karot loglama, arazide karotlardaki süreksizlikleri inceleyip ölçerek ilgilikaya kütlesi sınıflandırma sistemleri tarafından ihtiyaç duyulan verileri elde etmek amacıylamanuel olarak yapılan uzun süren yorucu bir işlemdir. El ile yapılan bu işlem ölçeklenebilirdeğildir.Bu çalışma, kaya kütlesi sınıflandırma sistemleri tarafından ihtiyaç duyulan RQD, eklempürüzlülük katsayısı ve eklemler arası mesafe değerlerinin görüntü analizi yöntemlerikullanılarak otomatik olarak belirlenmesini ve sonuç olarak RMR, Q ve GSI puanlarınınhesaplanması kapsamaktadır. RQD değeri, karot sandığının fotoğrafının üç farklı açıdanfarklı ışık kaynakları altında çekilerek, oluşan gölgelerin analiz edilmesi ile karotlarınsegmentasyonu yapıldıktan sonra, karotların silindirik yüzeylerinin ve eklem yüzeylerininbelirlenmesi ve bu bilgiler kullanılarak eksen uzunluğunun hesaplanması yöntemiylebelirlenmiştir. Burada elde edilen bilgiler yardımıyla eklemler arasındaki mesafe deölçülmüştür. Eklem yüzeylerinin pürüzlülük katsayıları stereofotogrametri yöntemi kullanılarakölçülmüştür. Bu işlem için bir kamerayı kamera kaydırıcı üzerinde otomatik olarak milimetrikhassasiyette kaydıran ve otomatik olarak fotoğraf çekilmesini sağlayan bir sistemhazırlanmıştır.Busistemkullanılarakyanyanayerleştirilmişbirçokkarotunstereofotogrametri analizine uygun fotoğrafları çekilmiştir.Oluşturulan bu sistemler kullanılarak RQD ve eklemler arası mesafe değerleri maksimum %5hata payı ile, eklem pürüzlülük katsayısı ise 1,98 kök ortalama kare hatası ile bulunmuştur.Çalışmanın sonucunda, fotoğraflardan RMR, Q ve GSI değerlerini hesaplayan bir masaüstüyazılımı hazırlanmıştır.Diamond drill cores are logged geotechnically in order to characterize the rock mass. Thereare three rock mass classification systems that have been widely utilized in the miningindustry, which are RMR, Q and GSI. Even though these systems are different from eachother, they require the similar data to be collected. The data collection is achieved byanalyzing the drill cores in terms of intact rock strength, discontinuity spacing and condition,groundwater condition and stress state. The collected data is used to assign a rating to therock mass by which support requirements and elastic material properties can be predicted.Geotechnical logging is a long labor some process by which core logging is done on the sitemanually by analyzing, measuring and investigating the discontinuities in core samples toassign the ratings required by the relevant rock mass classification system. This manuallogging process is not scalable.This work covers calculation of RQD, joint roughness coefficient, and discontinuity spacing,which are the parameters required by rock mass classification systems, by using imageanalysis methods in an automated fashion, and, as a result, calculation of RMR, Q and GSIratings. Value of RQD parameter is calculated by taking photographs of the core box underthree different light sources, segmenting cores by analyzing the shadows in thesephotographs, and then, by using the segmented cores, detecting cylindrical and joint faces ofeach core, and calculating centerline lengths of the cores using this information. With thedata obtained in this process, discontinuity spacing values are measured as well. Tomeasure joint roughness and assign joint roughness coefficients, a stereo photogrammetricapproach is adopted. For this purpose, a system that moves a camera on a camera sliderautomatically is designed. Using this system, photographs of cores placed side-by-side aretaken in a way that is suitable for stereo photogrammetric analysis.By using these systems, RQD and discontinuity spacing values are obtained within an errorrate of %5. Joint roughness coefficients are found with 1.98 root mean square error. At theend of the study, a desktop software that calculates RQR, Q, and GSI ratings usingphotographs is created

Wind loads for stadium lighting towers according to Eurocode 1

The determination of actions on structures is an important step of in the design process. In nature, so many outer and inner actions are acting on structures continuously. The two most important ones of those actions are the earthquake and wind actions. For some structures, i.e. towers, high chimneys or lighting towers, the priority of these two severe actions can change. Wind forces can become a governing force on the design of these structures. Therefore, the determination of wind forces for these tall, slender and wind-sensitive structures becomes very important. Also, these tall and slender structures have a high ratio of height to least diameter that makes them more slender and wind-sensitive than any other structures. In this study, the determination of wind loads for a selected and modeled stadium lighting tower was given according to Eurocode 1 which is an international well-known standard. This study showed that it is difficult to calculate wind loads of stadium lighting towers according to Eurocode 1 because of the complexity of the document, insufficient explanation of some formulas like resonant response factor and unclear graph sections for the reader. This study is believed to enlighten the way of the users of Eurocode 1

Cloning characterization and expression of a novel metallothionein gene (mt-d) from triticum durum

Two different metallothionein genes, labelled as mt-d and mt-a were identified in wheat (Triticum durum and Triticum aestivum) genomic DNA sequences were characterized. mt-d and mta, were found to contain 416 and 399 nucleotides, respectively. Nucleic acid sequence alignment showed 95 % similarity between the two. Sequencing results showed that the difference resulted from two extra TTTTTA repeats in the intron regions. cDNAs encoding mt-genes were identifed by RT-PCR. Gene alignment algorithms strongly suggested that both of these cDNAs (mt-a and mt-d) encoded an open reading frame of 75 amino acids with two cysteine-rich domains featuring Cys-XCys motifs at the amino- and carboxy termininus. The deduced amino acid sequences of mt-a and mt-d genes show striking similarity to the MT-like proteins described within the Class II as Type 1 MTs and showed 100 % similarity with each other as deduced from cDNA sequencing results. These results indicate that mt-d from T.durum forms a “novel type 1” MT. For further studies of mt-d expression, localization of the durum metallothionein protein (dMT) and its interactions with other proteins mt-d gene was inserted into the 5’ MCS of pGFPuv vector. Verification was based on sequence data and restriction enzyme analysis. However, expression could not be validated by neither by visual detection of GFP expression nor by SDS-PAGE analysis. A more detailed sequence analysis indicated that the problem was due to a point mutation within the coding sequence of the GFPuv, resulting in a stop codon and premature termination of the fusion protein. Results presented here show the presence of metallothionein gene in the wheat Triticum durum. Although our attempts to express the gene as a fusion protein together with GFP to facilitate its localization in different systems was not successful it will be important in future studies to pursue this goal and achieve expression of labelled protein in plant systems to gain insights into its exact function in plants

AMORF/NANOYAPILI Mg-ESASLI İNCE FİLMLERİN HİDROJEN DEPOLAMA UYGULAMALARI İÇİN ÇOK ELEMENTLİ KAYNAKLARDAN ÜRETİMİ

A study was carried out for the production of Mg-based amorphous/nanostructured thin films from multi-elemental evaporation sources via thermal evaporation. Sources produced were Mg-Cu, Mg-Cu-Ni, Mg-Cu-Al, Mg-Cu-Al-Ni and all prepared by traditional powder metallurgy routes. The powder compacts in the as-sintered state were made of equilibrium phases and individual elements, but upon deposition, due to interaction in the vapor phase, refined structure yielded amorphous like thin films. The structure further refined by the sorption of hydrogen. The study showed that the powder metallurgy approach is applied with success to deposit amorphous/nanostructured thin films via thermal evaporation, and further implies that if the phase analysis were to be used as an evaluation method for hydrogen sorption characteristics, some other techniques instead of X-ray diffraction analysis have to be consideredBu çalışmada, Mg-esaslı amorf/nanoyapılı ince filmler ısıl buhar çöktürme yoluyla üretilmiştir. Tüm filmler, toz metalurjisi yöntemleri ile hazırlanmış çok elementli kaynakların buharlaştırılması ile elde edilmiştir. Hazırlanan kaynaklar Mg-Cu, Mg-Cu-Ni, Mg-Cu-Al, Mg-Cu-Al-Ni şeklindedir. Üretilen kaynakların, sinterlendikleri sıcaklıktaki denge fazlarını ve serbest halde elementleri içerdikleri görülmüştür. Buharlaştırma sonrası ise sistemdeki fazların büyük oranda zayıflaştığı/amorflaştığı, hidrürlemenin ise incelmeyi daha da fazla artırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma, önerilen yöntemin ısıl buharlaştırma ile amorf/nanoyapılı film oluşturmaya uygun olduğunu göstermekle birlikte, bu tarz filmlerde, hidrojen depolama davranışının takibinde, X-ışınları kırınımından farklı yöntemlerin kullanılması gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır

Religious Pluralism and Religious Consumption Culture in The Public Sphere

Even if we are not able to argue that religion is a reality which produces symbols for social life, we can speak of it functioning as a shield against several pains of modernism with its properties of providing confidence, producing meaning and giving peace. As secularization theories put it, religion is not totally with drawn from social life; yet it has been largely limited with the private sphere. We can talk about religion as “an economic value”, “a marketable commodity”, “a consumable object”, “a matter of fashion” or which “serves as therapy”; as well as an issue of “subjective” and “personal preference.” Several theories have been put forward to explain these kind of views on religious phenomena peculiar to modern or postmodern period, such as “rational selection theory”, “religious pluralism” and “religious mobilization.” In this study, Islam in general and indicators of religious situation in Turkey in particular will be evaluated in the context of “consumer culture” and “religious mobilization.”</p