Prácticas pedagógicas asistidas por laboratorios virtuales en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la física : una revisión sistemática de la literatura

O Presente artigo apresenta resultados de uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) sobre as possíveis práticas pedagógicas empregadas durante as aulas experimentais ou em laboratórios de Física. Para o avanço da pesquisa, primeiramente procurou-se perceber da literatura as RSL feitas até agora sobre práticas experimentais no ensino de Física e posteriormente se fez a RSL com o objectivo de pesquisar quais procedimentos estratégicos pedagógicos empregados durante as aulas experimentais para que possam trazer maior beneficio em termos de aprendizagem no alunos. Foram revisados, artigos, testes em revistas e periódicos, plataformas digitais como Google académico, trabalhos publicados nos compreendidos entre 2011 a 2021, em línguas portuguesa e inglesa. Para tal recorreu-se ao Parsifal que é uma ferramenta on-line projectada para apoiar os pesquisadores na condução de revisões sistemáticas da literatura. A RSL seguiu o protocolo proposto por (Kitchenham, 2004), seguindo três etapas, nomeadamente: planeamento, execução e análise dos resultados. Como resultados constatou-se o maior número de pesquisas sobre o uso de actividades experimentais nas escolas tem a preocupação de fazer um estudo comparativo do aproveitamento pedagógico dos que participam em aulas experimentais em relação aos alunos que não utilizam este tipo de ferramenta, por meio pré-teste e pós-teste sem se preocupar em estudar a eficácia e eficiência das práticas pedagógicas utilizadas na realização das actividades experimentais. E também concluiu-se que as estratégias mais empregadas durantes as aulas experimentais sé o ciclo POE onde o aluno é orientado a predizer alguns fenómenos esperadas durante uma experimentação antes da sua realização.This article aimed to make a Systematic Literature Review (RSL) on the pedagogical practices used in the teaching-learning process of Physics, assisted by Virtual Laboratories. For the advancement of the research, we first tried to realize that related research was done and subsequently the RSL was done in the period between 2011 and 2021, in Portuguese and English. To this end, Parsifal is used, which is an online tool designed to support researchers in conducting systematic reviews of the literature. The RSL followed the protocol proposed by (Kitchenham, 2004), composed three steps, namely: planning execution and analysis of results. As results, it was found that most of the studies have the purpose of comparing the pedagogical performance of students comparing two groups (experimental and control) using pre-test and post-test without worrying about studying the effectiveness and efficiency of pedagogical practices used in the performance of experimental activities. Of the 28 articles analyzed, it was found that differentiated pedagogical practices were used and the one that stood out was the POE strategy (Predict, Observe and Explain) with a total of 7 articles.El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo realizar una Revisión Sistemática de Literatura (RSL) sobre las prácticas pedagógicas utilizadas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Física, auxiliado por Laboratorios Virtuales. Para avanzar en la investigación, primero buscamos comprender que se realizaron investigaciones relacionadas y luego se realizó la LSR en el período comprendido entre 2011 y 2021, en portugués e inglés. Para ello se utilizó Parsifal, que es una herramienta en línea diseñada para apoyar a los investigadores en la realización de revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura. La RSL siguió el protocolo propuesto por (Kitchenham, 2004), compuesto por tres etapas, a saber: planificación, ejecución y análisis de resultados. Como resultado se encontró que la mayoría de los trabajos tienen como finalidad comparar el desempeño pedagógico de los estudiantes comparando dos grupos (experimental y de control) utilizando pre-test y post-test sin preocuparse por estudiar la eficacia y eficiencia de las prácticas pedagógicas utilizadas en la realización realizar las actividades experimentales. De los 28 artículos analizados se encontró que se utilizaron prácticas pedagógicas diferenciadas y la que se destacó fue la estrategia POE (Predecir, Observar y Explicar) con un total de 7 artículos

Nursing Students' Perceptions on Healthcare-Associated Infection Control and Prevention Teaching and Learning Experience: Development and Validation of a Scale in Four European Countries

Healthcare-associated infections are one of the major concerns worldwide. This study presents the development and the validation process of the InovSafeCare scale and aimed at identifying and measuring the ecosystem variables related to healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) prevention and control practices in European nurse students. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to (1) elaborate an item pool related to the educational environment, the healthcare setting environment, and the attitudes, beliefs, and performance of the nursing students regarding HCAI prevention and control and (2) analyze psychometric properties of the scale using factor analysis. The validated InovSafeCare scale was applied to undergraduate nursing students of five European Higher Education Institutions. The partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method with SMART-PLS3 software was used. The study sample consists of 657 nursing students, who responded a self-report inventory. From the analyzed data were identified 14 factors. The InovSafeCare scale reveals good validity and reliability of the dimensions in different European countries.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Observation of Higgs boson production in association with a top quark pair at the LHC with the ATLAS detector

The observation of Higgs boson production in association with a top quark pair ( tt¯H ), based on the analysis of proton–proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, is presented. Using data corresponding to integrated luminosities of up to 79.8 fb −1 , and considering Higgs boson decays into bb¯ , WW⁎ , τ+τ− , γγ , and ZZ⁎ , the observed significance is 5.8 standard deviations, compared to an expectation of 4.9 standard deviations. Combined with the tt¯H searches using a dataset corresponding to integrated luminosities of 4.5 fb −1 at 7 TeV and 20.3 fb −1 at 8 TeV, the observed (expected) significance is 6.3 (5.1) standard deviations. Assuming Standard Model branching fractions, the total tt¯H production cross section at 13 TeV is measured to be 670 ± 90 (stat.) −100+110 (syst.) fb, in agreement with the Standard Model prediction.Peer Reviewe

Measurement of photon–jet transverse momentum correlations in 5.02 TeV Pb + Pb and pppp collisions with ATLAS

Jets created in association with a photon can be used as a calibrated probe to study energy loss in the medium created in nuclear collisions. Measurements of the transverse momentum balance between isolated photons and inclusive jets are presented using integrated luminosities of 0.49 nb$^{-1}$ of Pb+Pb collision data at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}=5.02$ TeV and 25 pb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision data at $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Photons with transverse momentum $63.1 31.6$ GeV and pseudorapidity $\left|\eta^\mathrm{jet}\right| 7\pi/8$. Distributions of the per-photon jet yield as a function of $x_\mathrm{J\gamma}$, $(1/N_\gamma)(\mathrm{d}N/\mathrm{d}x_\mathrm{J\gamma})$, are corrected for detector effects via a two-dimensional unfolding procedure and reported at the particle level. In $pp$ collisions, the distributions are well described by Monte Carlo event generators. In Pb+Pb collisions, the $x_\mathrm{J\gamma}$ distribution is modified from that observed in $pp$ collisions with increasing centrality, consistent with the picture of parton energy loss in the hot nuclear medium. The data are compared with a suite of energy-loss models and calculations.Peer Reviewe

PHACTR1 genetic variability is not critical in small vessel ischemic disease patients and PcomA recruitment in C57BL/6J mice

Recently, several genome-wide association studies identified PHACTR1 as key locus for five diverse vascular disorders: coronary artery disease, migraine, fibromuscular dysplasia, cervical artery dissection and hypertension. Although these represent significant risk factors or comorbidities for ischemic stroke, PHACTR1 role in brain small vessel ischemic disease and ischemic stroke most important survival mechanism, such as the recruitment of brain collateral arteries like posterior communicating arteries (PcomAs), remains unknown. Therefore, we applied exome and genome sequencing in a multi-ethnic cohort of 180 early-onset independent familial and apparently sporadic brain small vessel ischemic disease and CADASIL-like Caucasian patients from US, Portugal, Finland, Serbia and Turkey and in 2 C57BL/6J stroke mouse models (bilateral common carotid artery stenosis [BCCAS] and middle cerebral artery occlusion [MCAO]), characterized by different degrees of PcomAs patency. We report 3 very rare coding variants in the small vessel ischemic disease-CADASIL-like cohort (p.Glu198Gln, p.Arg204Gly, p.Val251Leu) and a stop-gain mutation (p.Gln273*) in one MCAO mouse. These coding variants do not cluster in PHACTR1 known pathogenic domains and are not likely to play a critical role in small vessel ischemic disease or brain collateral circulation. We also exclude the possibility that copy number variants (CNVs) or a variant enrichment in Phactr1 may be associated with PcomA recruitment in BCCAS mice or linked to diverse vascular traits (cerebral blood flow pre-surgery, PcomA size, leptomeningeal microcollateral length and junction density during brain hypoperfusion) in C57BL/6J mice, respectively. Genetic variability in PHACTR1 is not likely to be a common susceptibility factor influencing small vessel ischemic disease in patients and PcomA recruitment in C57BL/6J mice. Nonetheless, rare variants in PHACTR1 RPEL domains may influence the stroke outcome and are worth investigating in a larger cohort of small vessel ischemic disease patients, different ischemic stroke subtypes and with functional studies

HTLV-1 infection in solid organ transplant donors and recipients in Spain

HTLV-1 infection is a neglected disease, despite infecting 10-15 million people worldwide and severe illnesses develop in 10% of carriers lifelong. Acknowledging a greater risk for developing HTLV-1 associated illnesses due to immunosuppression, screening is being widely considered in the transplantation setting. Herein, we report the experience with universal HTLV testing of donors and recipients of solid organ transplants in a survey conducted in Spain. All hospitals belonging to the Spanish HTLV network were invited to participate in the study. Briefly, HTLV antibody screening was performed retrospectively in all specimens collected from solid organ donors and recipients attended since the year 2008. A total of 5751 individuals were tested for HTLV antibodies at 8 sites. Donors represented 2312 (42.2%), of whom 17 (0.3%) were living kidney donors. The remaining 3439 (59.8%) were recipients. Spaniards represented nearly 80%. Overall, 9 individuals (0.16%) were initially reactive for HTLV antibodies. Six were donors and 3 were recipients. Using confirmatory tests, HTLV-1 could be confirmed in only two donors, one Spaniard and another from Colombia. Both kidneys of the Spaniard were inadvertently transplanted. Subacute myelopathy developed within 1 year in one recipient. The second recipient seroconverted for HTLV-1 but the kidney had to be removed soon due to rejection. Immunosuppression was stopped and 3 years later the patient remains in dialysis but otherwise asymptomatic. The rate of HTLV-1 is low but not negligible in donors/recipients of solid organ transplants in Spain. Universal HTLV screening should be recommended in all donor and recipients of solid organ transplantation in Spain. Evidence is overwhelming for very high virus transmission and increased risk along with the rapid development of subacute myelopathy

Epidemiology and patterns of tracheostomy practice in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in ICUs across 50 countries

Background: To better understand the epidemiology and patterns of tracheostomy practice for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we investigated the current usage of tracheostomy in patients with ARDS recruited into the Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure (LUNG-SAFE) study. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of LUNG-SAFE, an international, multicenter, prospective cohort study of patients receiving invasive or noninvasive ventilation in 50 countries spanning 5 continents. The study was carried out over 4 weeks consecutively in the winter of 2014, and 459 ICUs participated. We evaluated the clinical characteristics, management and outcomes of patients that received tracheostomy, in the cohort of patients that developed ARDS on day 1-2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, and in a subsequent propensity-matched cohort. Results: Of the 2377 patients with ARDS that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 309 (13.0%) underwent tracheostomy during their ICU stay. Patients from high-income European countries (n = 198/1263) more frequently underwent tracheostomy compared to patients from non-European high-income countries (n = 63/649) or patients from middle-income countries (n = 48/465). Only 86/309 (27.8%) underwent tracheostomy on or before day 7, while the median timing of tracheostomy was 14 (Q1-Q3, 7-21) days after onset of ARDS. In the subsample matched by propensity score, ICU and hospital stay were longer in patients with tracheostomy. While patients with tracheostomy had the highest survival probability, there was no difference in 60-day or 90-day mortality in either the patient subgroup that survived for at least 5 days in ICU, or in the propensity-matched subsample. Conclusions: Most patients that receive tracheostomy do so after the first week of critical illness. Tracheostomy may prolong patient survival but does not reduce 60-day or 90-day mortality

TREX1 p.A129fs and p.Y305C variants in a large multi-ethnic cohort of CADASIL-like unrelated patients

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) and retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy and systemic manifestations (RVCL-S) are the most common forms of rare monogenic early-onset cerebral small vessel disease and share clinical, and, to different extents, neuroradiological and neuropathological features. However, whether CADASIL and RVCL-S overlapping phenotype may be explained by shared genetic risk or causative factors such as TREX1 coding variants remains poorly understood. To investigate this intriguing hypothesis, we used exome sequencing to screen TREX1 protein-coding variability in a large multi-ethnic cohort of 180 early-onset independent familial and apparently sporadic CADASIL-like Caucasian patients from the USA, Portugal, Finland, Serbia and Turkey. We report 2 very rare and likely pathogenic TREX1 mutations: a loss of function mutation (p.Ala129fs) clustering in the catalytic domain, in an apparently sporadic 46-year-old patient from the USA and a missense mutation (p.Tyr305Cys) in the well conserved C-terminal region, in a 57-year-old patient with positive family history from Serbia. In concert with recent findings, our study expands the clinical spectrum of diseases associated with TREX1 mutations