Molecular diversification and preliminary evaluations of some satsuma selections’ performance under mediterranean conditions

Satsuma (Citrus unshiu Marc.) has been cultivated for a long time in Turkey, and therefore variations for agronomical traits are likely among cultivated satsumas due to bud mutations. The objectives of this study were to determine variations for some selected agronomical traits and genetic markers among 21 new satsumas derived from selections. Fruit yield, fruit quality and molecular diversification of these clones were determined. The clones of 62 Adana, 4/2 Izmir and 11/1 Izmir indicated the highest yield. The fruits obtained from all clones were heavier than the control (Owari Satsuma). Molecular analysis, as assessed with 9 random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 14 simple sequence repeats (SSR) primers, indicated that satsuma clones showed a narrow genetic base suggesting that the observed morphological polymorphism within the group must be associated with  somatic mutations which were not detected by these molecular markers.Key words: Mandarins, clonal selection, citrus

The effect of ticagrelor and clopidogrel on angiographic parameters according to diabetic status in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction

Aim. We aimed to compare post-interventional angiographic outcomes of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel according to glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.Material and methods. The study included a total of 532 patients, with 334 receiving ticagrelor (62,8%) and 198 clopidogrel (37,2%). Diabetic status of the patients was assessed with HbA1c. TIMI flow grade and TIMI frame count were calculated and compared between two groups.Results. TIMI flow grade 3 was higher and TFC was lower after percutaneous coronary intervention of the infarct-related artery in patients treated with ticagrelor compared to clopidogrel (89,2% vs. 73,7%; p< 0,001, 20 vs. 24; p< 0,001). There was a positive correlation between the increases in HbA1c and TFC levels in the whole group (r=0,225; p=0,004). In subgroup analysis, higher HbA1c levels did not affect TFC in patients using ticagrelor (r=-0,060; p=0,326 for patients with noreflow, r=-0,133; p=0,321 for patients with TIMI-3 flow). While level of HbA1c did not affect TFC in patients with TIMI-3 flow, the presence of post-procedural no-reflow caused worsening of TFC in patients using clopidogrel as HbA1c levels increased (r=0,374; p=0,005).Conclusion. Ticagrelor was found to be better in terms of angiographic parameters regardless of diabetes

Peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and infants: NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe: A prospective European multicentre observational study

BACKGROUND: Little is known about current clinical practice concerning peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and small infants. Guidelines suggest transfusions based on haemoglobin thresholds ranging from 8.5 to 12 g dl-1, distinguishing between children from birth to day 7 (week 1), from day 8 to day 14 (week 2) or from day 15 (≥week 3) onwards. OBJECTIVE: To observe peri-operative red blood cell transfusion practice according to guidelines in relation to patient outcome. DESIGN: A multicentre observational study. SETTING: The NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) trial recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. PATIENTS: The data included 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Inclusion criteria was a peri-operative red blood cell transfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the haemoglobin level triggering a transfusion for neonates in week 1, week 2 and week 3. Secondary endpoints were transfusion volumes, 'delta haemoglobin' (preprocedure - transfusion-triggering) and 30-day and 90-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions were recorded during 447 procedures (6.9%). The median haemoglobin levels triggering a transfusion were 9.6 [IQR 8.7 to 10.9] g dl-1 for neonates in week 1, 9.6 [7.7 to 10.4] g dl-1 in week 2 and 8.0 [7.3 to 9.0] g dl-1 in week 3. The median transfusion volume was 17.1 [11.1 to 26.4] ml kg-1 with a median delta haemoglobin of 1.8 [0.0 to 3.6] g dl-1. Thirty-day morbidity was 47.8% with an overall mortality of 11.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate lower transfusion-triggering haemoglobin thresholds in clinical practice than suggested by current guidelines. The high morbidity and mortality of this NECTARINE sub-cohort calls for investigative action and evidence-based guidelines addressing peri-operative red blood cell transfusions strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02350348

Salt loading in canola oil fed SHRSP rats induces endothelial dysfunction

This study aimed to determine if 50 days of canola oil intake in the absence or presence of salt loading affects: (1) antioxidant and oxidative stress markers, (2) aortic mRNA of NADPH oxidase (NOX) subunits and superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms and (3) endothelial function in SHRSP rats. SHRSP rats were fed a diet containing 10 wt/wt% soybean oil or 10 wt/wt% canola oil, and given tap water or water containing 1% NaCl for 50 days. Without salt, canola oil significantly increased RBC SOD, plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, aortic p22phox, NOX2 and CuZn-SOD mRNA, and decreased RBC glutathione peroxidase activity. With salt, canola oil reduced RBC SOD and catalase activity, LDL-C, and p22phox mRNA compared with canola oil alone, whereas plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced and RBC MDA and LDL-C were higher. With salt, the canola oil group had significantly reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilating responses to ACh and contractile responses to norepinephrine compared with the canola oil group without salt and to the WKY rats. These results indicate that ingestion of canola oil increases O2 - generation, and that canola oil ingestion in combination with salt leads to endothelial dysfunction in the SHRSP model

Physiological Investigation of Tolerance to Iron Chlorosis of Navelina Orange Budded on Different Citrus Rootstocks

In this study, physiological responses of Navelina orange budded on eight different citrus rootstocks to iron deficiency were investigated under high pH conditions. Navelina scion budded on Tuzcu 31-31 sour orange, Gou Tou sour orange, Volkameriana, Antalya Cleopatra mandarin, Carrizo citrange, Troyer citrange, C-35 citrange and TGK0633 trifoliate orange were grown in a plant growth chamber and irrigated with a modified Hoagland nutrient solution. In order to mimic an Fe deficient environment, 10 µM FeEDTA, 3 mM NaHCO3 and 2 g L-1 CaCO3 (pH=7.8) were added to the nutrient solution. Control plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution containing 100 µM FeEDTA (pH 6) for five months. At the end of the experiment, Fe chlorosis color scale, leaf total and active Fe concentrations, chlorophyll fluorescence, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities were determined. In Fe-deprived leaves of Navelina budded on C-35 citrange and TGK0633 trifoliate, total and active Fe concentrations and efficiency of PSII significantly decreased. These plants exhibited more severe Fe chlorosis symptoms than plants budded on the rest of rootstocks. Young Navelina trees budded on Tuzcu 31-31 sour orange and Gou Tou were less affected in terms of all parameters. As a result, Navelina scions budded on Tuzcu 31-31 and Gou Tou sour oranges were the most tolerant; the ones budded on C-35 citrange and TGK0633 were the most susceptible to Fe deficiency

Differential tolerance to iron deficiency of citrus rootstocks grown in calcareous soil

In this study, seedlings of 15 citrus genotypes as rootstock were tested in calcareous soil conditions to detect their tolerance to lime-induced chlorosis in Adana-Turkey. The effect of iron chlorosis on leaf active and total Fe, leaf chlorophyll and Fe chlorosis scale were investigated. According to results of leaf chlorophyll and Fe chlorosis scale, Swingle citrumelo, Pomeroy trifoliate and Sarawak bintangor showed severity chlorosis on their leaves but these genotypes had the highest leaf total Fe concentration. Fe paradox was determined on these genotypes. At the end of the experiment, genotypes were classified as Tuzcu 31-31 sour orange, Gou Tou sour orange, Antalya Cleopatra mandarin and Carrizo citrange were very tolerant, Tuzcu 891 sour orange, Volkameriana, Nasnaran mandarin and Marumi kumquat were tolerant, hybrid of Cleopatra mandarin and Swingle citrumelo (C?S) and C-35 citrange were middle tolerant, Swingle citrumelo and Pomeroy trifoliate were susceptible, Sarawak bintangor was little susceptible and Local trifoliate was very susceptible