Land use and its problems in İscehisar basin

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ve Uzaktan Algılama (UA) tekniklerini kullanarak, Afyon ilinde yer alan İscehisar havzasının arazi kullanımını belirlemektir. Bu amaçla özellikle, arazi kullanımı ve bitki örtüsü özellikleri ele alınmıştır. Arazi kullanım ve bitki örtüsü yoğunluk haritaları Landsat TM görüntülerinden elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada İscehisar havzasında mevcut arazi kullanımı, arazi kullanımından kaynaklanan sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.The aim of this study is to determine land use of Iscehisar Basin which locates in Afyon by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) Techniques. So land use and vegatation characteristics were analysed, particularly. The maps of land use and vegetation density were obtained from Landsat Tm images. Consequently, in this study, existing land use, the problems which come from land use, and the suggestions of solution were tried to be put out in Iscehisar Basin

Tüfler içerisinde geçen hayatlar

Milyonlarca yıl öncesinde yeryüzünün derinliklerinden günyüzüne çıkan tüfler ve bazaltlar, bir sanatçının estetik görüşüne sahip gibi görünen doğa tarafından şekillendirilmiş ve günümüze kadar ulaşmış. Bunun sonucunda, Dağlık Frigya bölgesine özgü orijinal şekle sahip tüften oluşan düzlükler, tepeler, sırtlar, vadiler, diklikler, mağaralar ve peribacaları birer doğal anıt niteliğinde günümüz peyzajının aslı unsurlarını oluşturuyor. Afyonkarahisar’da olduğu gibi insanlar için savunmanın öncelikli olduğu dönemlerde bölgedeki peribacalarından, lav çıkış merkezlerinden, bazalttan ve andezitlerden oluşan doğal kaleler, Eskiçağdan günümüze pek çok uygarlığın ilgi odağı olmuş. Günümüzde Köroğlu Beli geçidi olarak bilinen, ancak yüzyıllardır ana yol güzergâhının köprüsü olarak kullanılan doğal kaleler yöreyi Anadolu’nun diğer yerleşim yerlerine bağlayan önemli mekânlar olmuş

Possible role of GADD45γ methylation in diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma: Does it affect the progression and tissue involvement?

Objective: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma among adults and is characterized by heterogeneous clinical, immunophenotypic, and genetic features. Different mechanisms deregulating cell cycle and apoptosis play a role in the pathogenesis of DLBCL. Growth arrest DNA damage-inducible 45 (GADD45γ) is an important gene family involved in these mechanisms. The aims of this study are to determine the frequency of GADD45γ methylation, to evaluate the correlation between GADD45γ methylation and protein expression, and to investigate the relation between methylation status and clinicopathologic parameters in DLBCL tissues and reactive lymphoid node tissues from patients with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six tissue samples of DLBCL and 40 nonmalignant reactive lymphoid node tissues were analyzed in this study. Methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting analysis was used for the determination of GADD45γ methylation status. The GADD45γ protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: GADD45γ methylation was frequent (50.0%) in DLBCL. It was also significantly higher in advanced-stage tumors compared with early-stage (p=0.041). In contrast, unmethylated GADD45γ was associated with nodal involvement as the primary anatomical site (p=0.040). Conclusion: The results of this study show that, in contrast to solid tumors, the frequency of GADD45γ methylation is higher and this epigenetic alteration of GADD45γ may be associated with progression in DLBCL. In addition, nodal involvement is more likely to be present in patients with unmethylated GADD45γ. © 2015 Turkish Society of Hematology. All rights reserved

A research to determine environmental approaches of university students: Manisa Celal Bayar University case

Sanayinin ilerlemesi ve teknolojik gelişmeler sonucunda insanoğlu küresel çevre sorunları ile karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Çevre kirliliği sonucunda doğanın dengesi bozulurken bazı canlı türleri yok olmuştur. Çevre sorunlarının ve etkilerinin yoğun olarak hissedilmeye başlanması ile birlikte, insanların çevreye karşı tutumlarının belirlenmesi de önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Çevresel tutumların belirlenmesi amacıyla 15 maddeden oluşan “Yeni Ekolojik Paradigma (New Ecological Paradigm-NEP)” ölçeği literatürde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da üniversite öğrencilerinin çevreye yönelik tutumlarını NEP ölçeği ile belirlemek ve bu tutumların öğrencilerin demografik, ekonomik, spor yapma, sigara kullanma, çevre dostu ürün tüketme, tasarruf yapma ve çevreyle ilgili bir derneğe üye olma gibi özellikleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın hedef grubu, Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesinde okuyan öğrencilerdir. Araştırmada hazırlanan anket, üniversitede okuyan öğrenciler arasında kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen toplam 420 kişiye uygulanmıştır. Kullanılan ölçekten “insanlığın üstünlüğü”, “çevresel felaket”, “doğanın üstünlüğü”, “teknolojik üstünlük” olarak isimlendirilen dört faktör elde edilmiştir. Ölçekten elde edilen dört faktöre ilişkin demografik özellikler açısından farklılıkları analiz edebilmek ve spor yapma, sigara kullanma, çevre dostu ürün tüketme, tasarruf yapma, çevreyle ilgili derneğe üye olma gibi etkenler arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya koymak amacıyla hipotezler geliştirilmiştir. Bunun sonucunda geliştirilen hipotezlerden 18 tanesinde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştirIt is observed that technological developments have resulted in several global environmental problems. The balance of the nature has been destroyed and some species has been died out because of such environmental problems. As the environmental problems and their effects have been felt intensively, the determination of people's attitudes towards environment are of greater importance than ever before. New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale is widely used in the literature to determine environmental attitudes of the people. In this study, it is aimed to determine the attitudes of university students towards environment using the NEP scale and to determine the relationship between these attitudes and several characteristics of the students such as demography, economic situation, sport activity engaged, smoking, eco-friendly product consumption, saving and membership of an environmental association. The target group of the study is the students of Manisa Celal Bayar University. The questionnaire prepared in the study was applied to a total of 420 students selected by the sampling method among the students studying at the university. From the scale used, four factors called ”supremacy of humanity“, ”environmental disaster”, “supremacy of nature“, “technological superiority” were obtained and then several hypotheses have been developed to analyze the differences in terms of demographical properties of the respondents with respect to the factors mentioned. The hypotheses developed also serve for establishing relationships among the parameters such as sport activity engaged, smoking, eco-friendly product consumption, saving and membership of an environmental association. As a result, it is found that there is significant relationship in 18 of the hypotheses developed

Middle Ear Pressure and Factors Affecting It in Intubated Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care

Objective:To assess the probable agents affecting middle ear pressure in intubated patients hospitalized in intensive care units with various diagnoses.Methods:Middle ear pressure of 38 patients hospitalized in intensive care units within our faculty hospital was measured using portable tympanograms and acoustic reflectometry. The mode of the device to which each patient was attached and patients’ blood pressure, Glasgow Coma Score, and additional disease parameters other than admission diagnosis were recorded. All data collected were subjected to statistical analysis to determine whether or not they affected middle ear pressure.Results:Septal deviation, survey, and mode of automatic respiratory device emerged as factors affecting middle ear pressure (odds coefficient 4.796, 3.745, 2.557, respectively, with 95% CI). Although aged over 60, additional disease and nasogastric tube also compromised middle ear pressure; the levels involved were not statistically significant.Conclusion:Middle ear pressure in patients hospitalized in intensive care units may change, particularly after the seventh day. This may particularly involve septal deviation, survey, and mode of automatic respiratory device, and tympanograms and reflectometry may be added to the patient-monitoring protocol in terms of changes in middle ear pressure

Cropping Pattern Classification Using Artificial Neural Networks and Evapotranspiration Estimation in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey

Determining cropping patterns is crucial for quantifying irrigation water requirements at a catchment scale. For this reason, new and innovative technologies such as remote sensing (RS) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) are robust tools for generating the spatiotemporal variation of crops. In line with this, this study aims to classify each crop type using the ANN algorithm and calculate crop evapotranspiration (ETc). This study was conducted in the Akarsu Irrigation District (9495 ha) in the Lower Seyhan Plain in southeastern Turkey in the 2021 hydrological year. Crop types were classified using the ANN algorithm in the Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) program based on combined data from Sentinel-2 images with a 10-m resolution and ground truth data collected during the winter and summer seasons. The image analysis results demonstrated that bare soil and citrus made up 3666 ha and 3742 ha respectively in the winter season, while first crop corn (1586 ha) and citrus (4121 ha) were preponderant in summer. The confusion matrix of the ANN algorithm showed high agreement (wheat 89.76%, onion 91.67%; citrus 97.67% in winter and 98.98% in summer; 100% for lettuce, potato, sesame-2, palm, and watermelon) and medium agreement (fruit 58.33% in winter, 42.86% in summer) with ground truth data in growing seasons. Furthermore, the agreement was more than 80% for the first and second crops (cotton, soybean, peanut, and corn) in the summer season. Annual reference evapotranspiration and ETc were around 1308 mm and 890 mm, respectively. The ETc values for wheat, citrus, first-crop corn, and second-crop soybean were found to be consistent with previous studies of direct evapotranspiration methods conducted in the Cukurova region. Overall, RS and ANNs can be used to classify crop types accurately in the growing season. This study builds upon and expands the application of RS and ANNs in large-scale irrigation schemes

Epicardial fat thickness is associated with retinopathy in patients with newly diagnosed hypertension

OBJECTIVE: Hypertensive retinopathy develops based on endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Epicardial fat secretes various cytokines associated with endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. We aimed to evaluate whether epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness is a marker for retinopathy in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. METHODS: A total of 73 newly diagnosed hypertension (HT) patients were included in the study. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was used to measure EAT thickness. To evaluate the presence of retinopathy in HT patients, hypertensive retinopathy staging was performed by ophthalmologists, according to Scheie classification. RESULTS: Retinopathy was detected in 27 (37.0%) of 73 patients. EAT thickness in HT patients with retinopathy was higher than the group without retinopathy (5.07 +/- 1.45 mm vs. 4.19 +/- 1.20 mm, p=0.007). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in HT patients with retinopathy were higher than the group without retinopathy (162.4 +/- 41.2 mg/dl vs. 138.1 +/- 35.6 mg/dl, p=0.010). As a result of the regression analysis, LDL-C (OR=1.016, 95% CI 1.001-1.031, p=0.043) and EAT thickness (OR=1.674, 95% CI 1.069-2.626, p=0.043) were the independent predictors of retinopathy. CONCLUSION: Increased EAT thickness is associated with the presence of retinopathy in hypertensive patients

Factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism in patients with cardiac syndrome X

Background: The aim of the study was to examine the frequency of factor XIII polymorphism among patients with cardiac syndrome X (CSX).Methods: This study was designed as a cross-sectional and observational study. Forty-eight female patients with CSX and 36 controls matched by age, gender, diabetes, and hypertension were studied. CSX was defined as typical chest pain during rest or effort, abnormal test result for exercise ECG, and presence of angiographically normal epicardial coronary arteries after ruling out inducible spasm. Factor XIII gene polymorphism was investigated by using CVD Strip Assay (ViennaLab Diagnostic GmbH) commercial kit.Results: The frequency of factor XIII (Val/Leu + Leu/Leu) mutation was significantly higher in patients with CSX (43%) than in controls (19%) (p = 0.02). Frequency of the Leu allele was significantly higher in the patient group (23.5% vs. 11.1%, p = 0.04). Factor XIII (Val/Leu + Leu/Leu) mutation (p = 0.01, OR = 3.42; 95% CI 1.22–9.58) and smoking (p = 0.04, OR = 3.33, 95% CI 1.05–10.58) were identified as independent predictors of the disease in multivariate regression analysis.Conclusions: This study indicates that there is an evidence for association between factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism and CSX

Does the Change in the Indications of Endoscopic Sinonasal Surgery Continue? Data between 1994-2018

Objective: Endoscopic sinonasal surgery (ESS) has changing over the years in parallel with the developments in endoscopy devices, video-imaging techniques, and surgical instruments. In the present study we investigated whether the indications of patients who underwent surgery over a period of 25 years have accommodated to these changes.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 1173 patients who underwent surgery in our clinic from 1994 through 2007, and 954 patients who underwent surgery from 2008 through 2018. The patients were divided into three groups as follows: chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwNP), chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps (CRSsNP), and others. The changes in the indications during the first 14 years and the following 11 years were compared, and the results were statistically evaluated.Results: A significant decrease was observed in the number of patients who underwent surgery following the diagnosis of CRSsNP (p<0.001). In addition, a statistically significant increase was found in CRSwNP (p<0.001) and other (p<0.001) indications.Conclusion: When ESS indications identified in our clinic were reviewed, it was observed that the increasing trend in CRSwNP rate in the first 14 years continued, there was a significant increase in non-CRS indications in the last 11 years, and there has been an increase in patients with fungal sinusitis, especially in this group

“The Lolelaplap (Marshall Islands) in Us: Sailing West to East (Ralik→Ratak) to These Our Atolls (Aelon Kein Ad) Ad Jolet Jen Anij (Our Blessed Inheritance from God)”

This paper discusses the expansion of Oceania through a Marshallese indigenous lens as a focal point. It explains that decolonizing methodologies allows reclaiming of space for mental liberation and reassurement of constitutional rights. It highlights similar occurrences of decolonization practices meeting resistance in the 21st century all while strengthening the human right argument that no human deserves any less than their fellow human brothers and sisters. It argues that an indigenous imagery can only be viewed through an indigenous lens where the researches’ level of purity is retained and unfiltered. It nevertheless argues that Marshallese ethnolinguistics reveal the same cultural practices in America, Judeo-Christianity, and Oceania thus dictating the reality that “we are the same not withstanding one stays here and one there (Bedbedjin Bedbedjen, Bedbedjinma wot Kwe)”. It further explains the importance in these similarities and how Marshallese spirituality predates introduced American Judeo-Christianity despite the latter attempting to marginalize the former. It concludes by stating that Marshallese contributions on the global stage are rooted in that culture of love (IaKwe) which is echoed by the custom(s) revealing the significance of Marshallese validation academically, spiritually, economically, & socially to prevent institutionalized discrimination. This paper ends stating that the agency to know one’s self and how one should fit in the world, is a human right in itself and Marshallese are entitled to this sense of self worth through knowing thy self by thy self where real thinking takes place in one’s own mind as we all live our own lives