Examination of motivation, anxiety and imagery levels of footballers from different leagues

In the study, it was aimed to compare the motivation, anxiety and imagery levels of footballers from different leagues. For this purpose, totally 129 professional football players from The Turkish Super League (Xage: 25.44±4.11 year) and First League (Xage: 23.80±4.33 year) participated in the study voluntarily. Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2) for measuring anxiety, Sport Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ) for measuring imagery and Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) for measuring motivation levels of participants were used in the study. Frequency and percentage distribution calculations and Independent Samples t-tests were used for analysis. Obtained data showed significant differences in somatic anxiety, intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation, identification and introjection sub-dimensions in terms of league levels of footballers (p<0.05). Also, significant differences were found in external regulation, identification and introjection scores in terms of age groups (p<0.05). As a result, anxiety and motivation levels differ regarding the league level of professional football players.En el estudio, se intentó comparar los niveles de motivación, ansiedad e imagineria de futbolistas de diferentes ligas. Para ello, participaron voluntariamente en el estudio 129 jugadores de fútbol profesional de la Super Liga Turca (Xedad: 25.44 ± 4.11 años) y la Primera Liga (Xedad: 23.80 ± 4.33 años). En el estudio se utilizó el Inventario Competitivo de Ansiedad del Estado (CSAI-2) para medir la ansiedad, el cuestionario de imágenes deportivas (SIQ) para la medición de imágenes y la Escala de Motivación del Deporte (SMS) para medir los niveles de motivación de los participantes. Para el análisis se utilizaron los cálculos de la frecuencia y el porcentaje de distribución y las muestras independientes t. Los datos obtenidos mostraron diferencias significativas en la ansiedad somática, motivación intrínseca para experimentar subdimensiones de estimulación, identificación e introyección en términos de niveles de liga de futbolistas (p <0.05). Además, se encontraron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de regulación externa, identificación e introyección en términos de grupos de edad (p <0.05). Como resultado, los niveles de ansiedad y motivación difieren en cuanto al nivel de liga de los jugadores de fútbol profesiona

Bilgisayar ve bilgisayar oyunlarının ilköğretim ikinci kademe öğrencilerinin psikomotor gelişim profilleri üzerindeki etkisinin tespiti

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Bu çalışma bilgisayarın ve bilgisayar oyunlarının ilköğretim ikinci kademe öğrencilerinin seçilmiş bazı psikomotor gelişim profilleri üzerindeki etkiyi tespit etmek amacıyla tasarlanmıştır.Araştırmanın evrenini 2012-2013 eğitim-öğretim yılında Sakarya İlindeki ilköğretim okullarında okuyan öğrenciler, örneklemi ise bu evren içinden kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 286 öğrenci oluşturmuştur.Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan demografik bilgiler formu ve öğrencilerin sosyal becerilerini değerlendirmek için ise Erdoğan ve Bacanlı (2003) tarafından Türkçeye çevrilen Matson Çocuklarda Sosyal Becerileri Değerlendirme Ölçeği (MESSY) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistiksel işlemler uygulandıktan sonra, değişkenler arasında herhangi bir anlamlı değişiklik olup olmadığını tespit etmek amacıyla Pearson Korelasyon Analizi, gruplar arası farkı karşılaştırmak için bağımsız T-Testi, gruplar arası farkın nerden kaynaklandığını öğrenmek için ise Post Hoc ve Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (One- Way ANOVA) uygulanmıştırAraştırma sonucunda; ilköğretim öğrencilerinin baba mesleği durumlarına göre bilgisayar kullanma sıklığı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunurken, diğer alt boyutlar olan öğrencilerin bilgisayar kullanım sıklığıyla fiziksel gelişme arasında, sosyal ağlarda geçirdikleri zaman ile sosyal gelişimleri arasında, bilgisayar oyunu oynama sıklığıyla fiziksel gelişimleri arasında ve bilgisayar oyunu oynama sıklığıyla sosyal gelişimleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: Bilgisayar, Bilgisayar Oyunları, Psikomotor GelişimThis study was designed to investigate the effect of computer and computer games on secondary school students? some selected psychomotor development profiles. The population of the study consists of students who study at some secondary schools in Sakarya district. The sample of the research consists of 286 students chosen from this population via convenience sampling method.To collect data a demographic information form which was prepared by the researcher and Matson Evaluation of Social Skill with Youngsters-(MESSY) to evaluate the skills of students which were adopted to Turkish by Erdoğan and Bacanlı (2003) were used in the study.After the descriptive statistical processes had been applied in the analysis of datas, to detect whether there is any significant differences between variables, the Pearson Correlation test; to compare the differences between the groups, a T-Test and to detect from which groups the differences in between the groups originate, one-way Tukey test as Post Hoc test were used. As a result of study, while a significant difference was found in the frequency of using computer in terms of the father?s profession status, in the other sub-dimensions which are between computer usage frequency and body mass index, the time spent in social network and social development, the frequency of playing computer game and body mass index, frequency of playing computer game and social development no significant relation was found. Key Words: Computer, Computer Games, Psychomotor D

The comparison of critical thinking and problem solving disposition of athletes according to gender and sport type

The terms “critical thinking and problem solving” are crucial for cognitive processes of athletes. It could also be said that these two concepts are likely to affect athletic performance of individuals. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate critical thinking and problem solving disposition of athletes. For this purpose 432 athletes (Xage: 20.53±3.85; Xsportexperience: 9.47±4.22) who comprise of 261 males (60.4%) and 171 females (39.6%) participated to the research. Problem Solving Inventory and California Scale of Disposition to Think Critically. The data was analysed by SPSS 17.0 by using descriptive statistics and t-test Level of significance was determined to be 0.05. Results showed that mean score for critical thinking was 3,82±,41 and the mean was 3,83±,46 for problem solving skill of the athletes. It was also found that there was not a significant difference between males and females according to critical thinking (p&gt;0,05). However, males’ and females’ scores for problem solving significantly differed (p&lt;0,05). Any significant difference was not obtained according to sport type. Overall, it could be said that gender can act as a determiner role among athletes in terms of problem solving disposition

Vitamin D Deficiency in Children and Adolescents

Objective Vitamin D deficiency is an important health problem in both developed and developing countries. Recent reports on the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D have led to increased interest in prevalence studies on states of deficiency/insufficiency of vitamin D. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in children and adolescents residing in Ankara, Turkey and to investigate the factors associated with low vitamin D status

Parent-initiated motivational climate and selfdetermined motivation in youth sport: how should parents behave to keep their child in sport?

There are many determinants of sports motivation such as athletes’ personal characteristics, coaches, peers, parents and the other environmental factors. In this research, the aim was to analyse whether there was a relationship between perceived parent-initiated motivational climate and self-determined motivation of karate athletes. Karate athletes (N=325) participated in the research and completed the adolescent version of the Sport Motivation Scale and Parent-Initiated Motivational Climate Questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses showed that the athletes’ self-determined motivation significantly correlated with learning and enjoyment climate, worry-conducive climate and success-without-effort climate perceived both in father and mother. Besides, regression analysis showed that perceived family climate significantly contributed to selfdetermined motivation. Linear combination of father learning and enjoyment climate (β=.21), father successwithout effort climate (β=-.17), and mother success-without-effort climate (β=-.14) significantly contributed to self-determined motivation (F(3,321)=18.88, R2=.15, p<.001). In conclusion, the results indicated that athletes’ perception of parent-initiated motivational climate was important for their self-determined motivation. The findings were evaluated and some implications for parents were proposed

Wrist radiography for hand bone age tells a lot; a girl with SHOX deficiency

Madelung's deformity (MD) occurs as a result of premature closure of the medial and volar aspects of the distal radial physis.1 It is more frequent and severe in girls, and usually develops in middle/late childhood.2 MD is one of the most characteristic features of he short-stature homeobox gene (SHOX) deficiency, which causes short stature3. Radial bowing is one of the  well-known radiological futures. On the other hand, there are three typical radiological sign of the hand radiograph for SHOX deficiency; triangularization, pyramidalization of the os lunatum, and radiolucency at the distal radius4.      In the evaluation of a 9-year-old girl who was investigated for precocious puberty, her height measurement was 18th percentile. On the wrist X-ray taken for the determination of the bone age of the patient, there was an appearance compatible with MD (Figure 1). In the genetic studies of the patient with MD, normal female karyotyping (46, XX) was demonstrated by Trypsin G banding Technique. Heterozygous SHOX deletion was detected by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization technique using a probe specific to the SHOX gene region (Xp22.33).      Interpreting the direct X-ray is important in recognizing the MD. Thus, it will be easier to detect SHOX gene deletion in the etiology of short stature patients with this deformity

Association among subclinical atherosclerosis with obestatin and endoglin level in pubertal obese children

Son yıllarda, çocukluk çağı obezitesi ve onunla ilişkili komplikasyonlar giderek artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 10-18 yaş grubu obez adolesanlarda, obezitenin aterosklerotik sürece etkisini ve Endoglin, Grelin ve Obestatin düzeylerinin aterosklerozla olan ilşkisini araştırmaktır. Bu çalışma Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Endokrinoloji polikliniğine başvuran 95 adolesan üzerinde yapılmıştır. Vaka (obez, n=60) ve kontrol (normal kilolu, n=35) grubu olmak üzere iki grup olşturuldu. Vaka grubu da vücut kütle indeksine gore obez (VKI'i 95. ve 99. yüzdelik arasında, n=37)) ve ciddi obez (VKI &#8805; 99. yüzdelik, n=23) olmak üzere kendi içinde ikiye ayrıldı. Total vücut yağı (TVY) oranını ölçmek için biyoelektirik impedans analizi cihazı (Tanita) kullanıldı. Subklinik aterosklerozu göstermek için karotis intima media (KİM) kalınlığı ölçüldü ve brakial arterin akım aracılı dilatasyon cevabı hesaplandı. Tüm olgulardan 8-12 saatlik açlığı takiben sabah 8-8:30 arası venöz kan alınarak kan şekeri, HDL, LDL, kolesterol, trigliserit, ürik asit, beyaz küre, CRP, Endoglin, Grelin and Obestatin düzeyleri çalışıldı. Obez, ciddi obez ve kontrol gruplarında yaş, cinsiyet ve puberte durumları benzerdi. Beklenildiği üzere VKI, VKI-SDS, Bel Çevresi (BÇ), VYO, VYO -SDS, sistolik ve diyastolik kan basıncı, açlık insulin ve insülin direncinin göstergesi olarak HOMA-IR, FGIR ve QUICKI değerleri, triglyceride, HDL ve ürik asit düzeyleri obez grupta daha yüksekti (p0,05). Karotis İntima Media kalınlığı ve FMD ile bazal antropometrik ve metabolik parametreler karşılaştırıldığında; KIM kalınlığı ile VKI-SDS, BÇ, VYO-SDS, ürik asit, total kolesterol, LDL, FGIR, grelin düzeyleri arasında pozitif bir korelasyon varken, FMD ile VKI-SDS, BÇ, VYO arasında negatif bir korelasyon vardı. Sonuç olarak, sağlıklı kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında, obez adolesanlarda, erken aterosklerozun bir bulgusu olarak KİM kalınlığı daha yüksek, FMD oranları ise daha düşüktü. Ayrıca çalışmamızda, subklinik aterosklerozun değerlendirilmesinde önerilen, güvenilirliği kanıtlanmış bu iki parametrenin obezitenin ciddiyetinin göstergesi olan VKI-SDS ile korele idi. Endoglin, grelin ve obestatin düzeyleri erken aterosklerozun gösterilmesinde güçlü bir öngördürücü marker olarak kullanılamaz.The prevalence of obesity and its complications among children has increased in recent years. The puposes of the study was to evaluate effect of obesity on atherosclerotic process and to investigate relationship between atherosclerosis with obestatin, ghrelin and endoglin levels in 10-18 years old pubertal adolescent. To our knowledge, this is the first study that evaluating the relationship between subclinical atherosclerosis and Endoglin, obestatin and Ghrelin levels in childhood. This study was conducted by the Pediatric Endocrinology Department of Gazi University Hospital. Total 95 adolescents were included in the study. Two groups were created as case (obese, n=60) and control (normal weight, n=35). Case group were divided into 2 groups according to BMI percentile; obese (if BMI is between 95 and 99. Percentile, n=37) and sever obese (BMI &#8805; 99. percentile, n=23). Bioelectrical impedance apparatus was used to measure the percentage of body fat. We measured flow mediated brachial arter diameter response and carotid intima media thickness as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. Venous blood samples were obtained from all of the patients from the antecubital region between 8.00-8.30 am after an 8-12 hour overnight fast. Glucose, HDL, LDL, cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid, WBC, CRP, Endoglin, Ghrelin and Obestatin levels were studied. The mean ages of the controls (15±1,6 year), obese group (14,4±1,3) and severe obese group (14,6±1,3) were similar. All the groups were also similar according to their sex and pubertal status. The values of BMI, BMI-SDS, WC, BF %, BF % -SDS, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, markers of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, FGIR, QUICKI), triglyceride, HDL and uric acid were significantly different as expected (p0,05). When the correlation between CIM thickness with basal anthropometric and metabolic parameters were evaluated, there was a positive correlation between CIM and BMI-SDS, WC, BF%-SDS uric acid, total cholesterol, LDL, FGIR, Ghrelin. Similarly, on evaluation of the correlation between FMD with basal anthropometric and metabolic parameters, there was a negative correlation between FMD and BMI-SDS, WC, BF%-SDS. In conclusion, there was evidence of the early atherosclerotic changes in obese adolescent, measured by the flow mediated brachial arter diameter response and carotid intima media thickness techniques. The level of the atherosclerotic changes correlates with body mass indices. Endoglin, obestatin and ghrelin levels can not be used as a biomarker for prediction of early atherosclerosis

Üniversite öğrencilerinde egzersiz ve biofeedback uygulamalarının depresyon, kaygı ve stres üzerine etkisi

14.12.2020 tarihine kadar kullanımı yazar tarafından kısıtlanmıştır.Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinde egzersiz ve biofeedback uygulamalarının depresyon, kaygı ve stres üzerine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmada betimsel araştırma modellerinden tarama modeli ile deneysel araştırma modellerinden gerçek deneme modeli (ön test-son test kontrol gruplu desen) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evreni 566 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi ise 566 kişilik evren içerisinden seçilen ve yaşları 18 ile 30 arasında değişen toplam 48 öğrenciden oluşmuştur. Katılımcılara ait yaş ortalaması ise 20,79 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılım gönüllülük esasına göre yapılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında kişisel bilgi formu ile Lovibond ve Lovibond (1995) tarafından geliştirilen, Akın ve Çetin (2007) tarafından Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirliği yapılan Depresyon, Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği (DASÖ) kullanılmıştır. Biofeedback ölçümlerinin gerçekleştirilmesi için ise ProComp Infiniti biofeedback cihazı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, ön test ve son test değerlerinin ölçümü amacıyla Wilcoxon testi, cinsiyetler arası farkın tespiti için Mann Whitney U ve gruplar arasındaki farklılıkların tespiti amacıyla Kruskal Wallis testi uygulanmıştır. Hata payının ortadan kaldırılması için ise Bonferroni düzeltmesi yapılmıştır. Verilerin analizi SPSS 17 programında gerçekleştirilmiş olup anlamlılık düzeyi 0.05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda elde edilen bulgulara göre, kontrol grubunda yer alan katılımcıların ön test ve son test stres, kaygı ve depresyon puan ortalamalarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunamazken (p>0.05); egzersiz grubu ve biofeedback uygulaması grubunda yer alan katılımcıların ön test ve son test stres, kaygı ve depresyon puan ortalamalarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur (p0.05). Sonuç olarak, egzersiz ve biofeedback uygulamalarının hafif ve orta düzeyde stres, kaygı ve depresyona sahip öğrenciler üzerinde stres, kaygı ve depresyonu azaltmada etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Egzersiz, Biofeedback, Stres, Kaygı, DepresyonThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise and biofeedback applications on depression, anxiety and stress on university students. In the study, the true experimental model (pre-test-post-test control group design) was used from the exploratory research models and the experimental research models. The universe of the study consisted of 566 students. The sample consisted of 48 students aged between 18 and 30 who were selected from the 566-person universe. The age average of participants was found to be 20.79. Participants joined the study voluntarily. In the study, a demographic information form and Depression, Anxiety Stress Scale (DASÖ), which was developed by Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) and adapted to Turkish by Akın and Çetin (2007), were used in the collection of the data. Biofeedback measures were done through ProComp Infiniti biofeedback device. For analysis of the data obtained from the study, descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon test for dependent groups to measure the pre-test and post-test values, Mann Whitney U test for independent groups to determine the gender differences and Kruskal Wallis test to determine the differences between groups were used in the study. Bonferroni correction was made to remove the margin of error. The analysis of the data was done by SPSS 17 program and the level of significance was determined to be 0.05. There was no statistically significant difference between pre-test and post-test stress, anxiety and depression scores of participants in the control group according to the findings obtained at the end of the study (p>0.05); a statistically significant difference was found between pre-test and post-test stress, anxiety and depression averages of participants in exercise and biofeedback group (p0.05). In conclusion, exercise and biofeedback applications were found to be effective in reducing stress, anxiety and depression levels on students with mild to moderate stress, anxiety and depression. Keywords: Exercise, Biofeedback, Stress, Anxiety, Depressio

Examination of motivation, anxiety and imagery levels of footballers from different leagues

In the study, it was aimed to compare the motivation, anxiety and imagery levels of footballers from different leagues. For this purpose, totally 129 professional football players from The Turkish Super League (Xage: 25.44±4.11 year) and First League (Xage: 23.80±4.33 year) participated in the study voluntarily. Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2) for measuring anxiety, Sport Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ) for measuring imagery and Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) for measuring motivation levels of participants were used in the study. Frequency and percentage distribution calculations and Independent Samples t-tests were used for analysis. Obtained data showed significant differences in somatic anxiety, intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation, identification and introjection sub-dimensions in terms of league levels of footballers (p<0.05). Also, significant differences were found in external regulation, identification and introjection scores in terms of age groups (p<0.05). As a result, anxiety and motivation levels differ regarding the league level of professional football players.En el estudio, se intentó comparar los niveles de motivación, ansiedad e imagineria de futbolistas de diferentes ligas. Para ello, participaron voluntariamente en el estudio 129 jugadores de fútbol profesional de la Super Liga Turca (Xedad: 25.44 ± 4.11 años) y la Primera Liga (Xedad: 23.80 ± 4.33 años). En el estudio se utilizó el Inventario Competitivo de Ansiedad del Estado (CSAI-2) para medir la ansiedad, el cuestionario de imágenes deportivas (SIQ) para la medición de imágenes y la Escala de Motivación del Deporte (SMS) para medir los niveles de motivación de los participantes. Para el análisis se utilizaron los cálculos de la frecuencia y el porcentaje de distribución y las muestras independientes t. Los datos obtenidos mostraron diferencias significativas en la ansiedad somática, motivación intrínseca para experimentar subdimensiones de estimulación, identificación e introyección en términos de niveles de liga de futbolistas (p <0.05). Además, se encontraron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de regulación externa, identificación e introyección en términos de grupos de edad (p <0.05). Como resultado, los niveles de ansiedad y motivación difieren en cuanto al nivel de liga de los jugadores de fútbol profesiona

Comparisons of Soil Water Extracts in Assessment of Soil pH and Electrical Conductivity

Soil pH is an important parameter that helps to interpret the availability of nutrients and the various biological functions in soils. Measurement of soil pH is usually carried out with electrical conductivity (EC) measurement, which is generally considered as a salinity indicator. International Standardization Organization (ISO) states that soil pH and EC should be measured in 1:5 soil/water mixtures. However, soil pH and EC in most of published research reports or scientific papers have been determined in various soil/water ratios such as 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 2.5, 1:5 along with saturation paste. In this study, five different soil pH and EC values were measured including 3 different (1: 1, 1: 2 and 1: 5) soil/water mixtures, saturation paste and effluent extracted from saturation paste and the pH and EC values were compared. Soils evaluated in this study were collected from a large land located in Central Anatolia. Forty-eight saturation pastes and effluents and 137 soil/water extracts have been evaluated for this study. Mean pH and EC values for saturation paste were determined as 8.50 and 7.13 dS m-1, respectively, while mean pH and EC values of 1:5 soil/water mixtures were 9.01 and 2.75 dS m-1, respectively. The difference between pH and EC values of different soil/water mixtures was assessed by a paired t-test. All measurements except for the pH values measured in the saturation paste and 1: 1 soil/water mixture were different from each other. The pH and EC values of soil/water extracts decreased with the increase in water content. The increase in water content decreased the concentration of soluble salts and hydrogen ions in the solution. The results revealed that 1:1 soil/water mixture could be used reliably in place of saturation paste for pH measurement. Specifying the ratio of soil/water mixture used to determine the pH and EC values in research reports and papers will also help readers better interpret the data