Differential Geometry of the q-plane

Hopf algebra structure on the differential algebra of the extended $q$-plane is defined. An algebra of forms which is obtained from the generators of the extended $q$-plane is introduced and its Hopf algebra structure is given.Comment: 9 page

Two-parameter nonstandard deformation of 2x2 matrices

We introduce a two-parameter deformation of 2x2 matrices without imposing any condition on the matrices and give the universal R-matrix of the nonstandard quantum group which satisfies the quantum Yang-Baxter relation. Although in the standard two-parameter deformation the quantum determinant is not central, in the nonstandard case it is central. We note that the quantum group thus obtained is related to the quantum supergroup $GL_{p,q}(1|1)$ by a transformation.Comment: 10 page

Ecological properties and close relationships of some Scilla L. Taxa (asparagaceae) in Turkey

Ecological properties of some Scilla L. taxa [S. bifolia L., S. melaina Speta, S. siberica Haw. subsp. armena (Grossh.) Mordak, S. leepii Speta, S. ingridae Speta, S. mesopotamica Speta, S. autumnalis L., S. monanthos C. Koch., S. rosenii C. Koch. and S. cilicica Siehe] were compared and relationships among taxa were determined. S.leepii and S. mesopotamica are endemic to Turkey. Because of various reasons, S. melaina, S. leepii, S. ingridae, S. mesopotamica, S. monanthos, S. siberica subsp. armena, S. rosenii and S. cilicica have limited distribution in Turkey. The investigated taxa have fragrant flowers, so are used as ornamental plant in gardens, parks and balconies in Turkey. Soil samples of the taxa were taken in flowering periods and physical and chemical properties (texture class, % of total salinity, pH, % of CaCO3, % of organic matter, % of total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn (in mg/kg) were determined. According to the similarities and differences in ecological characteristics, the taxa were divided into four groups. 1st group: S. melaina, S. leepii, S. ingridae and S. mesopotamica; 2nd group: S. siberica subsp. armena and S. cilicica; 3rd group: S. bifolia and S. autumnalis; 4th group: S. rosenii and S. monanthos. From the data, it has been found that organic matter, N, P, K, Ca, Fe and Zn values are more effective than the other soil factors in the distributions of the investigated taxa. © 2018 Friends Science Publishers

On the Differential Geometry of GLq(1∣1)GL_q(1| 1)

The differential calculus on the quantum supergroup GL$_q(1| 1)$ was introduced by Schmidke {\it et al}. (1990 {\it Z. Phys. C} {\bf 48} 249). We construct a differential calculus on the quantum supergroup GL$_q(1| 1)$ in a different way and we obtain its quantum superalgebra. The main structures are derived without an R-matrix. It is seen that the found results can be written with help of a matrix $\hat{R}$Comment: 14 page

Comparative leaf and scape anatomy of some Scilla taxa in Turkey

Comparative anatomical study on eight Scilla taxa (S. bifolia, S. melaina, S. siberica subsp. armena, S. leepii, S. ingridae, S. mesopotamica, S. autumnalis and S. cilicica) growing in Turkey was made using light microscopy techniques. Leaf and scape anatomical properties of the taxa were compared and relationships among taxa were determined. In anatomical studies, paraffin method was used. The cross-sections of the scape, leaves and surface-sections the leaves of these taxa were taken and photographed. Length and width measurements of stomata in the upper and lower surfaces of leaves were made and the mean and standard devition values of stomata were calculated. Raphida crystals were found in the mesophyll of all taxa. On both surfaces of leaves, anomocytic type stomata were observed. The different and similar anatomical characters in the leaf and scape were determined and the taxa were classified into three groups; such as (1) S. ingridae, S. mesopotamica, S. melaina, and S. leepii are independent species with close relationships; (2) S. bifolia, S. siberica subsp. armena and S.cilicica are very close taxa; (3) S. autumnalis is different from other investigated taxa. Also, these taxa can be distinguished as mesophyll type; isolateral (S. bifolia, S. cilicica and S. siberica subsp. armena) and unifacial (S. melaina, S.leepii, S. ingridae, S. mesopotamica and S. autumnalis). According to our data, S. bifolia was considered as a complex species of Scilla genus in Turkey. © 2016 Friends Science Publishers

The effects of different warm stratification periods on the seed germination of some Rosa taxa

In this study, the effects of different warm stratification periods on the seed germination of some Rosa species such as Rosa heckellana ssp. vanheurckiana, Rosa canina, Rosa pulverelanta and Rosa dumalis naturally grown in the Van region were investigated. In 2007, seeds of these species were kept at 25°C warm stratification for 10, 11 and 12 weeks, and then transferred to 5°C for cold stratification till the initiation of germination. Germination response to treatments of R. heckellana ssp. vanheurckiana seeds was different compared to the other species. The seeds of R. heckellana ssp. vanheurckiana germinated in a short time (when they kept in warm stratification followed by cold stratification between 1 - 3 weeks). The seeds of the other species required 5 months of cold stratification after warm stratification to overcome seed dormancy. The overall germination percentage were 18.80% in R. canina, 13.80% in R. pulverelanta and 13.53% in R. dumalis at 25°C of warm stratification followed by 5°C cold stratification. We determined that for these three taxa, the most appropriate method of stratification was 11 week warm stratification followed by cold stratification

The effects of different pot length and growing media on seedling quality of Crimean juniper (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.)

The aim of this study was to determine appropriate pot length and growing medium for Crimean Juniper seedlings (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.), which will be used for afforestation of extreme areas. For this purpose, polyethylene pots of 11 cm width and 20, 25 and 30 cm lengths were used. As growing medium, 13 different treatments were used, containing different ratios of forest soil, pumice, creek sand and humus collected from the species’ natural forest environments. The experimental design was a randomized block with 3 replications under open field conditions. Some morphological properties of the seedlings, such as seedling height, root collar diameter, shoot and root fresh and dry weights and shoot/root ratios (fresh and dry weights) were measured on 1 + 0 year old seedlings. Statistical analyses indicated that when pot length increased, the seedling quality improved. The seedlings with the best quality in terms of the measured criteria can be grown in 11 cm x 30 cm pots. In respect to the growing media, 70% forest soil + 15% humus + 15% pumice or creek sand should be used

Exact mean field concept to compute defect energetics in random alloys on rigid lattices

In modern materials science modeling, the evolution of the energetics of random alloys with composition are desirable input parameters for several meso-scale and continuum scale models. When using atomistic methods to parameterize the above mentioned concentration dependent function, a mean field theory can significantly reduce the computational burden associated to obtaining the desired statistics in a random alloy. In this work, a mean field concept is developed to obtain the energetics of point-defect clusters in perfect random alloys. It is demonstrated that for a rigid lattice the concept is mathematically exact. In addition to the accuracy of the presented method, it is also computationally efficient as a small box can be used and perfect statistics are obtained in a single run. The method is illustrated by computing the formation and binding energy of solute and vacancy pairs in FeCr and FeW binaries. Also, the dissociation energy of small vacancy clusters was computed in FeCr and FeCr-2%W alloys, which are considered model alloys for Eurofer steels. As a result, it was concluded that the dissociation energy is not expected to vary by more than 0.1 eV in the 0?10% Cr and 0?2% W composition range. The present mean field concept can be directly applied to parameterize meso-scale models, such as cluster dynamics and object kinetic Monte Carlo models.Fil: Bonny, G.. Sck-Cen Centre Detude de Lénergie Nucléaire; FranciaFil: Castin, N.. Sck-Cen Centre Detude de Lénergie Nucléaire; FranciaFil: Pascuet, Maria Ines Magdalena. Comision Nacional de Energía Atómica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Çelik, Y.. Sck-Cen Centre Detude de Lénergie Nucléaire; Franci

Effect of antioxidant-enriched microcrystalline cellulose from almond residue on physicochemical and textural characteristics of mayonnaise

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether antioxidant-enriched microcrystalline cellulose from almond residue (AE-MCC-AS) affects the physicochemical and textural characteristics of mayonnaise during 56 days of storage at 25 °C. The L * value of the mayonnaise decreased by increasing the AE-MCC-AS ratio; whereas the redness and yellowness values increased. The emulsion stability and viscosity increased by increasing the AE-MCC-AS ratio from 0.2% to 0.4%; however, they decreased with an increase in the AE-MCC-AS ratio from 0.4% to 0.6%. The largest oil droplets were observed in the micrographs of the control, 0.2% AE-MCC-AS-M and 0.6% AE-MCC-AS-M; while the smallest ones were observed in the micrographs of α-tocopherol-M, BHT-M and 0.4% AE-MCC-AS-M. During the storage period, the total MUFA and PUFA showed a declining trend in all treatments with a higher decrease in the control; while total SFA showed an upward trend with a higher increase in the control. In terms of textural characteristics, a significant declining trend (P < 0.01) was observed in firmness and consistency; whereas an upward trend was observed in cohesiveness during the storage in all treatments

Comparison of morphological and anatomical properties of endangered endemic Iris pamphylica and I. masia in Turkey

In this paper, morphological and anatomical properties of Iris pamphylica and Iris masia were compared and the degrees of relationship among them were determined. Also, morphological and anatomical properties of the two subspecies (I. masia subsp. masia and I. masia subsp. dumaniana) of I. masia were detected. I. pamphylica and subsp. dumaniana are endangered endemic geophytes of Turkey. Morphological properties of various organs of the taxa such as scape, bulb, rhizomes, leaves, flowers, fruit and seeds were given. Subsp. dumaniana is separated from subsp. masia with the differences of falls, standards, colour styles and vein colours. In anatomical studies, cross-sections of roots, scapes, leaves and surface sections of the leaves of these taxa were taken. Some different (the structure of pith region and xylem strands numbers in the roots, vascular bundles and micropapilla status in the scapes, leaf outline structure, the presence of sclerenchyma cap at phloem poles of vascular bundles in the scape, extends to both epidermis of sclerenchyma cap, absence and presence of keels, layer numbers of palisade and spongy parenchyma and the presence of bulliform cells in the upper epidermis of leaves) and similar characters (three-sided thickening of the endodermal cells, stomata and mesophyll types, there is sclerenchyma cap in the vascular bundles of leaf and at the corner of the leaf, there is sheath bundle around the vascular bundles, the cells in the centre of mesophyll and crystal types and there are two rows of the vascular bundles in the mesophyll) were found. Length and width of stomata in the upper and lower surfaces of leaves were measured and stomata index were calculated. The leaves of taxa have xeromorphic structure. Many differences were seen in the anatomical and morphological characters of I. masia subsp. dumaniana. So, it was suggested that I. masia subsp. dumaniana might be upgraded to the species category