IMPROVING PHYSICAL FITNESS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS THROUGH KIDS' ATHLETICS GAME PRACTICES:

Kids’ athletics game practices (KAGP) could be used by physical education teachers during their lessons to keep a large number of children physically active at the same time by playing the athletics. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 4-week KAGP on some physical fitness variables in children, and, to compare these affects between sexes. The study was conducted on 3rd-grade students randomly selected from a primary school. The volunteers exercised the KAGP for 4-weeks, two days per week. The KAGP (formula one, sprint/hurdles shuttle relay, forward squat jumps, and backward overhead throwing), involved straight running, running with changing direction, rolling movement, hurdling, jumping and throwing. Pre-test and post-test measurements were taken for counter movement jump (CMJ), backward overhead medicine ball (BOMB) throwing, agility (Illinois test), flexibility (sit-and-reach), and 30m sprint. Following the 4-week KAGP, the CMJ (Pre:16.04±3.33 cm; Post:18.46±2.90 cm) significantly increased, and the 30m sprint time (Pre:6.94±0.61 sec; Post:6.74±0.57 sec) significantly shorten only in girls (p = .003 and p = .008, respectively). The agility significantly improved (Pre:24.03±2.00 sec; Post:23.26±1.83 sec; p = .01) and the BOMB throwing distance significantly increased (Pre: 3.80±0.97 m; 4.45±1.18 m; p = .001) considering the overall data. Significant difference between boys and girls was observed for CMJ performance. It has been observed that games structured according to the purpose have positive effects on the strength and agility properties of children. KAGP can be used as a tool to increase physical activity and improve physical fitness in children at primary level. &nbsp

Comparing the maximal aerobic speed assessed with laboratory and field tests in soccer players

Investigating the differences between field tests used in practice and laboratory tests is important for accurate performance assessment in soccer players. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the maximal aerobic speed (MAS) obtained from the VAM-EVAL and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (YYIR1), with an incremental (1km.h-1 per min) treadmill test in soccer players. Eighteen amateur male soccer players, were evaluated with the following tests: a) a treadmill test to directly determine values of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and MAS (Treadmill); b) an indirect VAM-EVAL Test; c) an indirect YYIR1. The results demonstrated that the last speed, distance, and test duration values are significantly different among the tests . (p<0.05)]. The highest MAS value was recorded during the treadmill test (17.10 ± 1.38 km.h-1) which was significantly different from YYIR1 and VAM-EVAL tests (15.82 ± 0.66 and 14.33 ± 0.69 km.h-1, respectively; p<0.001). The analysis also showed that treadmill MAS value was significantly correlated with YYIR1 MAS (r = 0.656) and VAM-EVAL MAS values (r = 0.625), also YYIR1 MAS value was significantly correlated with VAM-EVAL MAS value (r = 0.662). It was concluded that the MAS and the VO2max values are significantly different among YYIR1, VAM-EVAL and selected treadmill protocol, and support the idea that they should not be used interchangeably. From a practical perspective, MAS seems to be more important for coaches than VO2max. Both laboratory and field tests can be useful for assessing MAS; however, field tests should be preferred for training purposes

Yeni medyanın toplumsal yansımaları

Yeni medya, hayatımızın her alanında etkisini gösteren ve değiştiren bir olgu haline gelmiştir. Günümüzde insanlar, haberlerini, bilgilerini ve iletişimlerini yeni medya araçları aracılığıyla alıp vermektedirler. Bu araçlar, çok çeşitli işlevleri yerine getirerek kullanıcılarına hız, çeşitlilik, çok seslilik, derinlik, yeni katmanlar, kolaylıklar ve çeşitli seviyelerde iletişim imkanları sunmaktadır. Ancak bu avantajların yanı sıra, yeni medya araçları beraberinde çeşitli sorunları da getirmektedir. Özellikle sosyal medya platformları, kişisel bilgilerin paylaşımı, zorbalık, nefret söylemi ve özel hayatın ihlali gibi güvenlik sorunlarını da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, sosyal medya üzerinden yayılan yanlış bilgiler, manipülasyon ve sahte haberler, hakikatin Önemsizleşmesi gibi sorunları da ortaya çıkarmaktadır..

Basın işletmelerinde sosyal sorumluluğun hedef kitle üzerindeki etkisi

BASIN İŞLETMELERİNDE SOSYAL SORUMLULUĞUN HEDEF KİTLE ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİGünümüz toplumlarında işletmeler bilinen tanımlarının yanında toplumsal gelişime katkıda bulunması gereken örgütler olarak da algılanmaya başlanmışlardır. İşletmeler artık faaliyetlerini salt kendi çıkarları için değil aynı zamanda toplumsal yararları da gözeterek yapmak zorunda oldukları yeni bir sürece girmişlerdir. Faaliyetlerinin, toplumu bütünüyle etkilemesi açısından basın işletmelerinde sosyal sorumluluk bu çalışmanın temelini oluşturmaktadır. Basın işletmelerinde ve özellikle Türk basınında sosyal sorumluluk uygulamalarının hedef kitle üzerindeki etkilerinin ele alındığı bu çalışmada, basın işletmelerinin, çalışanlarından topluma kadar geniş bir alanda üstlenmeleri gereken sorumluluklara verdikleri önem incelenmeye çalışılmıştır THE IMPACT OF THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF PUBLISHING COMPANIES ON THE TARGETED GROUPSIn the society of our times, companies are defined as institutions that have to contribute to the social development. Companies are expected to operate by observing the interests of the society along with their own. Social responsibility is the fundamental factor for publishing companies because their activities have a direct social impact. The fundament of this study is the impact of the social responsibility efforts of publishing companies and of the Turkish press on the targeted groups in particular whereas the importance they give to the responsibilities of the press, within a wide range reaching from their employees to the society itself

Temperature Tunable Vanadıum Oxıde Based Nanophotonıc Structures

In this work, the phase change behavior of vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films grown by RF magnetron sputtering and post annealing process, has been studied by its optical and electrical parameters. The structures of thin films are investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). IR reflectivity measurements are done by using FTIR method. The phase change behavior of VO2 is investigated not only in two extreme regimes: hot (metallic) and cold (insulating) states but also in the transition temperatures, where VO2 acts like an inherent metamaterial with mixed metallic insulating character. In this range, the portions of metallic and insulating inclusions are tuned by temperature, and therefore a gradual change of optical parameters can be achieved. A universal hybrid modeling approach introduced to model VO2 in the intermediate region is used. The measured reflectivity data is analyzed and matched through the transfer matrix method (TMM) simulations where an effective medium theory (EMT) is employed. Based on the findings of this approach, not only the relative portions of inclusions are tailored but also their grain shapes are significantly altered in the transition range. In addition, the hysteretic behaviors on electrical, optical, and structural parameters of the VO2 film along the heating and cooling cycles are demonstrated by the experiments and scrutinized by the simulations. Finally; lithography-free and nano-patterned devices are designed and fabricated, using such techniques; chemical (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD), inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) and electron beam lithography (EBL) which show tunable reflectance operating at infrared wavelengths.Bu çalışmada, RF magnetron sıçratma ve ardışık tavlama prosesi ile büyütülmüş vanadyum dioksit (VO2) ince filmlerin faz değiştirme davranışı, optik ve elektriksel parametreleri üzerinden incelenmiştir. İnce filmlerin yapısal karakterizasyonu x-ışını kırınımı (XRD), aromik kuvvet mikroskopu (AFM) ve taramalı elektron mikroskopu (SEM) ile yapılmıştır. IR yansıtıcılık ölçümleri FTIR metodu kullanılarak yapılmıştır. VO2’in faz değiştirme davranışı, sadece iki uç durum olan: sıcak (metalik) ve soğuk (yalıtkan) koşullarında incelenmemiş, aynı zamanda VO2’in doğal bir metamalzeme gibi davrandığı, metalik ve yalıtkan fazların bir arada bulunduğu faz geçiş bölgesine de odaklanılmıştır. Faz geçiş bölgesinde, metalik ve yalıtkan bölgelerin büyüklük ve şekilleri, sıcaklık ile değişim gösterirken buna bağlı olarak optik özelliklerinde kademeli olarak değişim elde edilir. Çalışmada VO2’in bu bölgedeki davranışını modellemek için önerilen bir bir yaklaşım olan Efektif Ortam Teoremi (EMT) kullanılmıştır. Söz konusu yaklaşımın devreye sokulduğu, transfer matris metodu (TMM) simulasyonlarının, ölçümlenen yansıtıcılık verisine yaklaştırılması ile analizler yapılmıştır. Bu yaklaşımla elde edilen sonuçlar, metalik ve yalıtkan bölgelerin sadece büyüklüğünün değil aynı zamanda biçimlerinin de sıcaklık ile dikkate değer bir değişim gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Çalışmada, faz geçişi bölgesindeki ısınma ve soğuma döngülerinden deneysel olarak elde edilen verilerle görülen, VO2 filmin elektriksel ve optik özelliklerindeki histerik davranış, simulasyonlarla da ayrıca incelenmiştir. Son olarak, kızıl ötesi (IR) bölgede ayarlanabilir yansıtıcılık gösteren, planer (lithography-free) ve nano-desenlenmiş aygıtlar tasarlanarak, kimyasal buhar biriktirme (CVD), fiziksel buhar biriktirme (PVD), indüktif olarak eşlenmiş plazma ile reaktif iyon aşındırma (ICP-RIE) ve elektron demeti ile litografi (EBL) gibi fabrikasyon teknikleri kullanılarak üretilmiştir

Metal Oksit İnce Filmlerin Gaz Sensörü Uygulamalarının Araştırılması

This work covers such fabrication techniques; chemical (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD), photolithography, plasma dry etching (ICP-RIE), anisotropic bulk silicon wet etching to develop michromachined metal oxide semiconductor based volatile organic compound (MOS-VOC) sensors and characterization of the fabricated devices. The integrated micro hot plate is fabricated on silicon substrate by using MEMS fabrication techniques. The hot plates in four different rezistor geometries, fabricated using nickel-chrome alloy and ITO as resistor material were thermally characterized. The metal oxide ZnO and SnO2 thin films which are sensitive to target gases were deposited by sputtering. The stuctures of the metal oxide thin films were investigeted by photoluminescence (PL) measuring system, x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thermal properties of the sensors were investigated by thermal microscope. Developed SnO2 sensor response was investigated for 500ppm, 1000ppm, 2000ppm concentrations of methane and ammonia in four different operating temperatures. It is observed that the response of the sensor increases as the concentration of the target gases increases. The temperature dependent responsivity characteristics of the sensor to methane and ammonia target gases found to be unique for each gas. Additionally, ZnO sensor was investigated for its sensitivity to the unknown concentrations of the vapors of acetone, ethanol and isopropanol. The result were compatible with literature.Bu çalışma, uçucu organik bileşik (VOC) tespitinde kullanılmak üzere, tümleşik mikro ısıtıcılı, metal oksit yarıiletken temelli mikro yapılandırılmış gaz sensörü (MOS-VOC sensor) geliştirilmesi amacıyla yapılan kimyasal (CVD) ve fiziksel (PVD) incefilm büyütme, fotolitografi, plazma aşındırma (ICP-RIE), anizotropik ıslak aşındırma gibi fabrikasyon ve üretilen yapıların karakterizasyon işlemlerini kapsamaktadır. Entegre mikro ısıtıcı taban (micro hot plate), silisyum alttaş üzerinde mikro elektromekanik sistem fabrikasyonu (MEMS) teknikleri ile geliştirilmiştir. Direnç malzemesi olarak nikel-krom alaşımı ve indiyum-kalay oksitin (ITO) kullanıldığı dört farklı rezistör geometrisine sahip mikro ısıtıcı tabanlar üretilerek termal karakterizasyonları yapılmıştır. Hedef gazlara duyarlı ZnO ve SnO2 metal oksit incefilmler sıçratma (sputtering) ile kaplanmıştır. Büyütülen bu örneklerin yapısal incelemeleri için Fotolüminesans (PL) Ölçüm Sistemi, X-Işını Kırınımı (XRD), Atomik Kuvvet Mikroskobu (AFM) ve Taramalı Elektron Mikroskopu (SEM) kullanılmıştır. Sensörlerin termal karakterizasyonu ise termal mikroskop kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Geliştirilen SnO2 sensörlerin tepkisellikleri amonyak ve metan gazlarının 500ppm, 1000ppm ve 2000ppm derişimleri için dört farklı çalışma sıcaklığında test edilmiştir. Derişimin artışına bağlı olarak sensör tepkisinde de artış gözlemlenmiştir. Sensörün sıcaklığa bağlı tepkisellik ölçümlerinden elde edilen sonuçlardan, metan ve amonyak için farklı tepkisellik karakteri gösterdiği gözlemlenmiştir. ZnO sensörün ise aseton, etanol ve izopropanol'e duyarlılığı, bu gazların bilinmeyen yüksek derişimleri için test edilmiştir. Bu malzemelere duyarlı olduğu belirtilmiş ZnO için, literatür ile uyumlu sonuç elde edilmiştir

Technoference as Technology Interference in The Communication Process: A Study on Married Couples

The use of technology disrupts interpersonal communication and interaction and interferes with the communication process. One of the social areas where this is visible is communication between couples. For this reason, it is important to learn the positive or negative characteristics of the use of technological tools in the communication processes, relationship satisfaction and conflict situations of married couples with different age groups and different demographic characteristics, and the effects of technology use on their relationships. In this sense, to determine these effects, the research was carried out with the participation of 264 married people of different ages and demographic characteristics in the province of Istanbul. Technoference scale, relationship satisfaction scale, and romantic patrner conflict scale were used as data collection tools in the research. As a result of the analysis of the research data, it is observed that, in general, as people's use of technology and the effect of technoference in the relationship increase, there is a decrease in people's relationship satisfaction, and accordingly, indirect married couple conflicts in technology use also increase. In addition, married couples' use of technology, relationship satisfaction, and attitudes towards conflict differ according to gender, age, education, and income level

The futuristic model for physical activity and exercise: active video games

Physical inactivity is one of the main causes of noncommunicable diseases worldwide. In addition, obesity worldwide is increasing day by day due to insufficient energy expenditure, which is the result of physical inactivity. This review aimed to examine the physio logical effects of active video games (AVGs) systems and tried to define whether the AVGs could be suggested as an alternative exercise model considering the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) criteria. This review was based on the physiological re sponses of the different AVGs that were discussed in previous studies. It was revealed that AVGs significantly increased the energy expenditure and metabolic equivalent according to resting state. The majority of AVGs were found to achieve physical activit y levels of moderate intensity which meet ACSM criteria for health and fitness (3 -6 MET). Especially, AVGs can be considered as an alternative exercise model that is integrated with fun and technology in everyday use of individuals, reducing obesity preval ence and improving physical activity level with the ever - evolving modern and sophisticated AVGs systems. AVGs can actually be considered among the exercise models for the future, with the increasing use of active video game systems around the world

Вплив активних відеоігор на окислювальний стрес і антиоксидантний статус у студентів університету

Background and Study Aim. Many findings have demonstrated that several life-threatening diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, obesity-related diseases, and certain types of malignancies, can be prevented by exercise. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be the direct or associated factor that causes or prevents these diseases. It is well known that a strenuous and high-intensity acute exercise increases ROS production and intensifies oxidative stress. At this point, the importance of physical activity (PA) and exercise in reducing oxidants and improving antioxidant defense system increasing. The purposes of the current study were to investigate the short term (acute) and long term (chronic) effects of active video gaming (AVG) on oxidative stress indices. Material and Methods. Nine healthy male university students participated in the study. The participants played an AVG as vigorous physical activity (MET &gt; 7) for 20 minutes, three days a week, for 4 weeks. Each participant completed twelve game sessions. Blood samples were obtained just before (after 10 min rest in seated position) and immediately after the game session on the first and the last day of the study. Total oxidant and antioxidant status (TOS and TAS) were determined using an automated measurement method, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Total oxidized guanine (TOG) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were analyzed using commercial kits (Cayman Chemical). Data were analyzed with dependent t-tests and significance was accepted as p&lt;0.05. Results. The SOD activity significantly decreased after the AVG on the first day (4.78 ± 1.26 vs. 3.81 ± 1.80; p=0.026). The TOS (6.62 ± 1.09 vs. 7.30 ± 1.24) and TOG (9.26 ± 2.69 vs. 9.78 ± 2.62) levels increased on the first day, but these alterations were not significant. Additionally, no significant acute changes were observed for the last day of the study Conclusions. The 4-week active video gaming practices did not change the oxidative stress status of pre-game, chronically. Four-week-AVG practice did not change oxidative stress indices significantly in rest.Передумови та мета дослідження. Багато досліджень показали, що за допомогою фізичних вправ можна запобігти декільком захворюванням, які загрожують життю, включаючи серцево-судинні захворювання, захворювання, пов’язані з ожирінням, і певні види злоякісних новоутворень. Активні форми кисню (АФК) можуть бути прямим або супутнім фактором, який викликає або запобігає цим захворюванням. Добре відомо, що напружені та високоінтенсивні фізичні вправи збільшують виробництво АФК та посилюють окислювальний стрес. На цьому етапі зростає важливість фізичної активності (ФА) і фізичних вправ для зменшення кількості оксидантів і покращення системи антиоксидантного захисту. Цілі цього дослідження полягали у дослідженні короткострокових (гострих) і довгострокових (хронічних) ефектів активних відеоігор (AVG) на індекси окисного стресу.Матеріал і методи. У дослідженні взяли участь дев'ять здорових студентів університету. Учасники грали в AVG як інтенсивну фізичну активність (MET &gt; 7) протягом 20 хвилин, три дні на тиждень, протягом 4 тижнів. Кожен учасник пройшов дванадцять ігрових сесій. Зразки крові брали безпосередньо перед (після 10 хвилин відпочинку в сидячому положенні) і відразу після ігрової сесії в перший і останній день дослідження. Загальний окислювальний та антиоксидантний статус (TOS та TAS) визначали за допомогою автоматизованого методу вимірювання та розраховували індекс окисного стресу (OSI). Активність загального окисленого гуаніну (TOG) і супероксиддисмутази (SOD) аналізували за допомогою комерційних наборів (Cayman Chemical). Дані були проаналізовані за допомогою залежних t-тестів, і значущість була прийнята як p&lt;0,05.Результати. Активність СОД достовірно знизилася після АВГ у першу добу (4,78 ± 1,26 проти 3,81 ± 1,80; p=0,026). Рівні TOS (6,62 ± 1,09 проти 7,30 ± 1,24) і TOG (9,26 ± 2,69 проти 9,78 ± 2,62) підвищилися в перший день, але ці зміни не були значущими. Крім того, в останній день дослідження не спостерігалося істотних гострих змінВисновки. 4-тижневі активні відеоігри не змінили хронічний стан окислювального стресу перед грою. Чотиритижнева практика AVG не змінила суттєво показники окисного стресу в стані спокою