The Temporal Development of Fatty Infiltrates in the Neck Muscles Following Whiplash Injury: An Association with Pain and Posttraumatic Stress

Radiological findings associated with poor recovery following whiplash injury remain elusive. Muscle fatty infiltrates (MFI) in the cervical extensors on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with chronic pain have been observed. Their association with specific aspects of pain and psychological factors have yet to be explored longitudinally.44 subjects with whiplash injury were enrolled at 4 weeks post-injury and classified at 6 months using scores on the Neck Disability Index as recovered, mild and moderate/severe. A measure for MFI and patient self-report of pain, loss of cervical range of movement and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were collected at 4 weeks, 3 months and 6 months post-injury. The effects of time and group and the interaction of time by group on MFI were determined. We assessed the mediating effect of posttraumatic stress and cervical range of movement on the longitudinal relationship between initial pain intensity and MFI. There was no difference in MFI across all groups at enrollment. MFI values increased in the moderate/severe group and were significantly higher in comparison to the recovered and mild groups at 3 and 6 months. No differences in MFI values were found between the mild and recovered groups. Initial severity of PTSD symptoms mediated the relationship between pain intensity and MFI at 6 months. Initial ROM loss did not.MFI in the cervical extensors occur soon following whiplash injury and suggest the possibility for the occurrence of a more severe injury with subsequent PTSD in patients with persistent symptoms

A Mercantilistic Beginning : The Import of Textiles to Stockholm 1720-1738

The purpose of this thesis is to, from an institutional approach, study how the Stockholm importers within the textile sector adapted their foreign trade to the change in economic policy 1720 through 1738. The focus is to investigate to what extent the introduction of new laws, regulations etc. can be an explanation for what happened to Stockholm’s foreign trade, mainly imports, particularly textile imports during the period. It is mainly the economic policies that had been enacted during the Hornian government and their effects that have been studied. This is a period that has seldom been studied in other research. This thesis begins when the Russian raids were over. This was a year when the foreign trade still was relatively free and was untouched by the 17th century’s regulations. After 1721 the policies that would be introduced to increase Sweden's level of self-sufficiency and strengthen ties with the North Sea area had several components. Besides the economic policy, the main sources for the thesis are the city toll records. The trade policies in the shape of tolls and fees, import and consumption bans etc. and the commercial policies together became different kinds of political tools used for several purposes. The conclusion of this thesis is that the economic policies made the Stockholm importers adapt their trade to the change. The import bans and sumptuary laws had an effect. The economic policies gave rise to an increase in the import of textile raw materials. The rise in toll costs and import fees contributed to displacing the foreign trade towards other areas. The change in the economic policies was successful in the sense that it gave rise to new conditions for domestic production within the textile sector and forced Stockholm's importers to adapt their foreign trade

Huvudstöd

I denna rapport anges frekvensen av och principerna för skydd mot skador på huvud och hals för förare och passagerare i bilar vid påkörning bakifrån. Resultaten av en undersökning över hur några av de vanligaste skyddssystem som f n finns i Sverige och Finland svarar mot dessa principer redovisas och diskuteras. Termen huvudstöd har, i analogi med utländskt språkbruk (eng headrests, ty Kopfstützen) , använts för sådana skyddssystem. Den i allmänt språkbruk vanliga benämningen nackstöd har undvikits då den i olika sammanhang bedömts vara mindre adekvat. Den alternativa benämningen nackskydd, som föreslagits i pressen, betecknar enligt svensk standard den del av klädseln på motoristhjälmar som täcker nacken och har därför bedömts som mindre lämplig för den typ av skyddssystem som här avses

O Império Das Paixões: Uma Leitura Dos Romances-folhetins De Nelson Rodrigues

Resumo O império das paixões: uma leitura dos romances-folhetins de Nelson Rodrigues propõe-se a apresentar alguns aspectos da produção literária feminina" de Nelson Rodrigues, em geral subscrita com pseudônimo feminino. Essa produção é principalmente apoiada no melodrama, gênero projetado em sua desmesura e excesso nos dois romances analisados: Meu destino é pecar e O Casamento. Estabelecer as relações entre o clima de paixões irrefreáveis, de violência incontida, com a família e a ordem social instituída é um dos principais objetivos do ensaio. Abstract The purpose of this study is to present some of the aspects of Nelson Rodrigues' "feminine" literary production, often signed with a feminine pseudonym. This peculiar literary production is primarily anchored on melodrama, and its characteristic excess and disproportion shall be analysed in this study. More specifically, the present analysis attempts to examine the relation between unrestricted and violent passions on the one hand, and family and established social order, on the other."08/9159-176Gêner

Evaluation of penicillin G susceptibility testing methods for Staphylococcus lugdunensis

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus lugdunensis belongs to the CoNS group, but is regarded to be more virulent than most other CoNS. It is also remarkably susceptible to antibiotics, including penicillin G. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate different methods for penicillin susceptibility testing, to assess penicillin susceptibility rates among S. lugdunensis and to describe the clinical presentation including antibiotic treatment. METHODS: Clinical isolates of S. lugdunensis were tested for penicillin susceptibility using disc diffusion according to CLSI (10 U disc) and EUCAST (1 U disc), assessment of zone-edge appearance, nitrocefin test and Etest for MIC determination. PCR of the blaZ gene was used as a reference method. RESULTS: Of the 112 isolates included in the study, 67% were susceptible to penicillin G according to blaZ PCR. The EUCAST disc diffusion test had 100% sensitivity, whereas the CLSI method had one very major error with a false-susceptible isolate. When zone-edge appearance was included in the assessment, the false-susceptible isolate was correctly classified as resistant. Foreign-body infection was the most common focus of infection, affecting 49% of the participants. Only 4% of the patients were treated with penicillin G. CONCLUSIONS: Penicillin susceptibility is common in S. lugdunensis and the disc diffusion method according to EUCAST had a higher sensitivity than that of CLSI. Assessment of zone-edge appearance could increase the sensitivity of the disc diffusion test. Penicillin susceptibility testing and treatment should be considered in S. lugdunensis infections