Redes de transmisión inteligente. Beneficios y riesgos

ResumenActualmente los sistemas eléctricos operan cada vez más cercanos a sus límites de estabilidad, es por ello que se hace necesaria y primordial la transición hacia nuevos sistemas de transmisión que garanticen la eficiente entrega de la energía eléctrica, evitando con ello cortes de energía que generan importantes pérdidas en la economía de cualquier país del mundo. En este documento se realiza un análisis de los elementos necesarios para una sana y eficiente transición de una red de transmisión eléctrica verticalmente, integrada hacia una red de transmisión inteligente. Se presenta un análisis comparativo entre dos de los marcos de referencia más importantes, el de la UE y el de EUA, en el modelo, desarrollo, beneficios y riesgos en la implementación de estos sistemas.AbstractNowadays the Power Systems are working near their stability limits, for this reason it is necessary and essential a transition to new transmission systems that ensure efficient delivery of electrical energy, with the objective to prevent “blackouts” that cause significant losses in the economy of any country in the world. This paper analyzes important elements to consider having a healthy and efficient transition from a power grid vertically integrated into a smart transmission grid. A comparative analysis in the model, development, benefits and risks of the implementation of these systems, between two of the main marc of references of smart grids, the EU and the USA is presented

Morphometric and hypsometric analysis in the Tierra Nueva Basin, San Luis Potosí, México

"In areas with long periods of drought, it is essential to implement strategies to manage the available water resource. Tierra Nueva Basin is affected by this situation, consequently the farm production and livestock holdings are affected and the people don’t have access to enough water. In this paper, we propose an integrative methodology based on mathematical tools such as hypsometric and morphometric analysis applying geographic information systems. The proposal is strengthened with the aggregation of geological-structural, morphometrical, hypsometrical parameters and climatological information through a precipitation analysis provided by the National Water Commission from 1962 to 2010. According to the available data and the results obtained through the implemented proposal, an acceptable level of reliability is inferred allowing to determine areas structurally suitable for the use of surface water and its uptake. The methodology that we propose facilitates and simplifies the processes of searching and exploring locations suitable for surface water capture in arid and semi-arid zones, identifying in a qualitative and quantitative manner the optimal zone. For the case study, test-and-validation of the methodology the Tierra Nueva Basin in San Luis Potosí, México was selected. Tierra Nueva is a semi-arid site where “La Muñeca” dam is located. The results obtained in this work confirm the location of the “La Muñeca” dam as one of the most suitable areas for water collection. The methodology that we propose is a useful tool for the studies of water capturing purposes in arid and semi-arid zones.

Cambio de vara: expresión política desde la cosmovisión Chinanteca en la Sierra Norte de Oaxaca

El presente trabajo se deriva de la tesis doctoral en curso, el cual busca establecer una relación entre el Sistema Normativo Interno y la Sustentabilidad Comunitaria; visualizando que el uso racional del ecosistema proviene de la ideología social plasmada en creencias propias de cada cultura. Por lo que este artículo presenta desde una perspectiva etnográfica la ceremonia de Cambio de Vara, que es una prática de las más representativas de los Sistemas Normativos Internos, vinculando la cosmovisión y ritualidad chinantecas con el ejercicio político del Municipio de Santiago Comaltepec, en la Chinantla Alta, región Sierra Norte del estado de Oaxaca

Low Temperature Glass Sintering Based on Silico Sodium Resins

By using silicate inorganic binders and glass waste it is possible to mould technical and artistic elements which later can be compacted by means of low temperature, and subsequently apply the sintering through high-temperature processing, which is generally lower than current melting glass processes, close to 1250 °C. The experimental phase established thermal ranges from 600°C to 750°C, a fact that allows for an effective sintering temperature (of around 650°C/18 hours). The mixtures and proportions for this experiment were fixed including ethyl silicate as a fluidizer in mixtures,as well as the size of glass grains.The results indicate good compaction of the samples after the initial phase (80°C/24h), allowing proper handling without alterations in samples edges.During heating treatment, mechanical resistance increases gradually (600-750°C), although the volume of porosity was inversely proportional. According to the matrix vs grain size relationship, the partial fusion of both materials is evident in the rounding of the glass grains as well as the resin bonds joined between them. The resins appeared in a homogenous fashion, covering and gluing the grains, a development which improves the joining of sintered samples. Samples with a mixture of sodium silicate and ethyl silicate resins experienced less melting between grains due to a lower volume of fluxing elements, which means a lower percentage volume of sodium (Na). This study concludes that a sintering process for new vitreous composites could be carried out between 650°C and 700°C, offering the opportunity for a substantial reduction in the amount of energy required to produce industrial glass. Keywords: Water-glass, glass recycling, low temperatur

Análisis de Planeación de Auditorías Internas de Calidad ISO 9001 según ISO 19011:2018 para la Mejora Continua en la Casa de las Baterías Panamá, 2022

This research deals with the analysis of the planning of internal ISO 9001 quality audits according to ISO 19011:2018 for continuous improvement in Casa de las Baterías Panamá, 2022. The objective is to analyze that this planning is reliable to ensure continuous improvement using a measurable instrument such as Cronbach's alpha coefficient that validates the degree of reliability of the planning based on the guidelines of the ISO 9001 Standard and the fulfillment of its objectives. The scope is that this research can demonstrate to the companies a tool that they can use as a reference to improve their processes, offer a quality service following the guidelines of an internal quality audit and verifying them with their audit members and the study variable. The research is quantitative, and the survey method was used through a pilot test with secondary data taking as a guide the research contributions of Sotelo Asef (2018) highlighting 37 items of the measurement instrument obtained from points 5.2 and 5.3 of the ISO 19011:2018 Standard. The results obtained were that of all dimensions in general, the average strongly agreed was 33% and 6% strongly disagreed. In turn, the main conclusions were that the analysis of the ISO 9001 internal quality audit planning according to ISO 19011:2018 Standard is reliable for continuous improvement given that the reliability value was positive based on the instrument according to Cronbach's alpha coefficient.La presente investigación trata sobre el análisis de la planeación de auditorías internas de calidad ISO 9001 según la Norma ISO 19011:2018 para la mejora continua en la Casa de las Baterías Panamá, 2022. El objetivo es analizar que esta planeación es confiable para asegurar la mejora continua utilizando un instrumento medible como lo es el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach que valide el grado de confiabilidad de la planeación en base a las directrices de la Norma ISO 9001 y el cumplimiento de sus objetivos. El alcance es que esta investigación pueda demostrar a las empresas una herramienta que puedan utilizar como referencia para mejorar sus procesos, ofrecer un servicio de calidad siguiendo los lineamientos de una auditoría interna de calidad y verificándolos con sus miembros de auditoría y la variable de estudio. La investigación es cuantitativa y se utilizó el método de encuesta a través de una prueba piloto con datos secundarios tomando como guía los aportes de la investigación de Sotelo Asef (2018) resaltando 37 ítems del instrumento de medición obtenidos de los puntos 5.2 y 5.3 de la Norma ISO 19011:2018. Los resultados obtenidos fueron que de todas las dimensiones en general, el promedio que estuvo muy de acuerdo fue de 33% y un 6% en total desacuerdo. A su vez, las principales conclusiones fueron que el análisis de la planeación de auditorías internas de calidad ISO 9001 según la Norma ISO 19011:2018 es confiable para la mejora continua dado que el valor de confiabilidad fue positivo en base al instrumento según el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach

Nuevos espacios para la promoción del sector audiovisual : Andalucía y su proyección en internet

Despite the paradox of representation of regional identities in the present time of economic globalization that the entire world is going through, the growing importance of regional areas that struggle to make their way and keep participation fees stands out when talking about the efforts to promote the audiovisual industry. In this regard, in the field of the media and other audiovisual products, the strengthening of the Internet as a driving force of globalization is assuming both a weakness for some companies as an opportunity for others. This paper focuses on the possibilities of the Internet as a tool for the promotion of initiatives, projects, products and companies in the audiovisual sector. This line will take the example of Andalusia in order to deepen the most important initiatives that are currently allowing visible, nationally and internationally, which the Andalusian audiovisual sector is able to offer. To this end, the work of public and private institutions, audiovisual companies, Audiovisual Foundation of Andalusia, Antena Media Andalusia, Andalusia Film Commission and Film Offices network, Andalusian film festivals and exhibitions, as well as producer associations and other associations of the audiovisual sector will be analyzed

Comparative Analysis of Thermal Behavior in Different Seasons in Building Heritage: Case Study of the Royal Hospital of Granada

The present investigation carries out a thermal evaluation of two rooms located in the Royal Hospital of Granada (Rector’s Office). This is a heritage building where have been done studies that allow the as-sessment of possible improvements in future interventions that guarantee improvement in en-ergy and regulatory compliance are decisive. This article presents for the first time, through energy simulation, the behavior of two rooms in two temporal periods, thermally extreme (summer and winter) and with opposite orientations. This has allowed the potential benefits to be considered in real climate conditions. The results demonstrate and quantify that considering the location, orientation, arrangement of openings, and inclusion of transition zones between the exterior and the interior, an improvement in thermal comfort is obtained. The southwesterly orientation is favorable in the winter period and the northeasterly orientation in the summer period. It is also confirmed that the arrangement of thick masonry walls responds adequately in climates with high thermal amplitudes, favoring the mitigation of extreme conditions. It is concluded by stating that the orientation and the construction components are the main responsible factors for the thermal capacity in this type of building. In this context, the use of non-destructive study methods offers valuable scientific support through the results obtained.University of Granada and the Vicerrectorado de Investi- gación y Transferencia, with the project PP2022.PP.2