ESTRATÉGIA DE SUPERAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL DA FUNÇÃO DOCENTE-METODOLÓGICA NA EDUCAÇÃO À DISTÂNCIA

PROFESSIONAL OVERCOMING STRATEGY OF THE TEACHING-METHODOLOGICAL FUNCTION IN DISTANCE EDUCATION  ABSTRACT The research is inserted in one of the demands of the XXI century, for a better development of Higher Education, which is the change of the traditional model of teaching by a new model of quality in massification. In this sense we have worked with the methodological teaching function in Distance Education, one of the functions that must be fulfilled by the university teacher today. The work aimed to propose a strategy of professional improvement of the teaching methodological function; based on the results and experiences applied, in contribution to the improvement and quality of the educational teaching–learning process of this study model. Responds to a paradigm qualitative based on an interpretative perspective focused on understanding. The strategy is structured in four stages: diagnosis, elaboration, execution, evaluation and integrating a set of theoretical methodological actions, aimed at empowering, the cognitive, the skills, the feeling and the performance of the teachers, as facilitators of the content, as well as advisors and guidance. Which arise what to do in each action, how to do it and why to do it, as a practical contribution of research.A investigação está inserida numa das demandas do século XXI para um melhor desenvolvimento da Educação Superior, que é a mudança do modelo tradicional de ensino por um novo modelo de qualidade na massificação. Neste sentido, trabalhou-se com a função docente-metodológica na Educação à Distância, uma das funções que deve cumprir o professor universitário de hoje. O trabalho tem como objectivo propor uma estratégia de superação profissional da função docente-metodológica, a partir dos resultados e experiências aplicadas, como contribuição para o melhoramento da qualidade do processo de ensino-aprendizagem desta modalidade de estudo. Responde a um paradigma qualitativo fundamentado numa perspectiva interpretativa centrada no entendimento. A estratégia estrutura-se em quatro etapas: diagnóstico, elaboração, execução e avaliação e, integra um conjunto de acções teórico-metodológicas dirigidas para potencializar o cognitivo, as habilidades, o tacto e a actuação dos professores enquanto entes facilitadores do conteúdo e também como conselheiros e guias. Estas qualidades sugerem o que fazer em cada acção, como fazê-lo e por que fazê-lo, como contributo prático da investigação

MicroRNA Dysregulation in the Spinal Cord following Traumatic Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a multitude of pathophysiological events that are tightly regulated by the expression levels of specific genes. Recent studies suggest that changes in gene expression following neural injury can result from the dysregulation of microRNAs, short non-coding RNA molecules that repress the translation of target mRNA. To understand the mechanisms underlying gene alterations following SCI, we analyzed the microRNA expression patterns at different time points following rat spinal cord injury

La protección de denunciantes de actos de corrupción en el ámbito administrativo en el Perú

La corrupción es una patología extendida en nuestro país desde hace siglos. De hecho, de acuerdo con las encuestas, el 62% de la ciudadanía considera que el principal problema que enfrenta nuestro país es la corrupción de funcionarios y autoridades. Sin embargo, 9 de cada 10 personas víctimas de corrupción no presentan la denuncia, principalmente debido a que consideran que si denuncian ‘no pasará nada’, ‘no habrá resultados’ o ‘no quieren más problemas’. Esta última respuesta demuestra el sentimiento de desprotección de los ciudadanos, de parte del Estado, ante la denuncia de actos de corrupción y, por ende, que nuestro sistema de denuncias y protección de denunciantes presenta problemas. Si bien el Perú ha adoptado medidas e implementado legislación especial para proteger a los denunciantes y salvaguardar la integridad, es necesario que se hagan esfuerzos adicionales para fortalecer dichas protecciones, aumentar la conciencia y examinar y evaluar sistemáticamente el sistema de denuncias. En ese contexto, el presente trabajo de investigación analiza la protección de denunciantes de actos de corrupción en el ámbito administrativo como herramienta de lucha contra la corrupción y el tratamiento que el Perú le ha dado. Asimismo, a partir de experiencias extranjeras, propone acciones a tomar para fortalecer dicho sistema.Trabajo académic

El proceso psicosocial de la identidad en personas adoptadas.

En la investigación participaron 20 personas acogidas en el extranjero, cuyos procesos de adopción se realizaron entre 1975 y 1995, pertenecientes al Programa Todos por el Reencuentro de la Liga Guatemalteca de Higiene Mental, con el objetivo de identificar los mecanismos de afrontamiento individuales que conllevan a la adaptación social de las niñas y niños adoptados, se estimó además la importancia de la construcción de identidad para el ser humano, describiendo las afecciones psicosociales que presentaron en el proceso de pos adopción. Asimismo, se analizó la capacidad resiliente de las y los adoptados en el transcurso de sus experiencias de vida, describiendo las dificultades que presentaron para adaptarse a un ambiente ajeno a su identidad nacional e individual. Los datos se recolectaron a través de instrumentos como el cuestionario, la observación participante, trifoliar informativo y el estudio de casos. Se logró establecer que la mayoría de los participantes experimentaron sentimientos de rabia, enojo y frustración debido a que no lograron identificarse y encajar con sus familias adoptivas a pesar de que les brindaron atención y cubrieron sus necesidades económicas, afectivas y sociales, etc., aunque afortunadamente en la edad adulta lograron entablar vínculos afectivos y de relación con los demás, superando poco a poco ciertos traumas del pasado, provocados por la separación de su círculo familiar y social o sus problemas de adaptación

Cell Specific Changes of Autophagy in a Mouse Model of Contusive Spinal Cord Injury

Autophagy is an essential process of cellular waist clearance that becomes altered following spinal cord injury (SCI). Details on these changes, including timing after injury, underlying mechanisms, and affected cells, remain controversial. Here we present a characterization of autophagy in the mice spinal cord before and after a contusive SCI. In the undamaged spinal cord, analysis of LC3 and Beclin 1 autophagic markers reveals important differences in basal autophagy between neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes and even within cell populations. Following moderate contusion, western blot analyses of LC3 indicates that autophagy increases to a maximum at 7 days post injury (dpi), whereas unaltered Beclin 1 expression and increase of p62 suggests a possible blockage of autophagosome clearance. Immunofluorescence analyses of LC3 and Beclin 1 provide additional details that reveal a complex, cell-specific scenario. Autophagy is first activated (1 dpi) in the severed axons, followed by a later (7 dpi) accumulation of phagophores and/or autophagosomes in the neuronal soma without signs of increased initiation. Oligodendrocytes and reactive astrocytes also accumulate phagophores and autophagosomes at 7 dpi, but whereas the accumulation in astrocytes is associated with an increased autophagy initiation, it seems to result from a blockage of the autophagic flux in oligodendrocytes. Comparison with previous studies highlights the complex and heterogeneous autophagic responses induced by the SCI, leading in many cases to contradictory results and interpretations. Future studies should consider this complexity in the design of therapeutic interventions based on the modulation of autophagy to treat SCI

Inactivación concomitante de Acanthamoeba spp. y Escherichia coli utilizando TiO2 suspendido e inmovilizado

This work reports the application of photocatalytic disinfection to the inactivation of Acanthamoeba trophozoites, a free-living pathogenic amoeba. Two types of photocatalytic reactors configurations have been used: i) a slurry reactor using suspended titanium dioxide (TiO2); and, ii) a fixed-bed reactor using immobilized TiO2 onto glass Raschig rings. The effect of the chemical composition of water has been analysed, comparing the efficiency of the process in deionized water (DW) and synthetic wastewater treatment plant effluent (SWTPE). The inactivation of Acanthamoeba spp. has been compared to that of Escherichia coli bacteria, being also analysed the concomitant inactivation of both microorganisms. Our results show that 99% of inactivation of E. coli and Acanthamoeba spp. can be achieved using photocatalysis in both reactor configurations, but interestingly, the kinetics of inactivation of both microorganisms together differs from that found with them separately. Particularly, E. coli seems to be more resistant to the inactivation in the presence of Acanthamoeba spp. which has been justified by the screen effect caused by the bigger size of Acanthamoeba spp. This observation is more pronounced in DW as the composition of the SWTPE prevent the microorganisms from suffering osmotic and/or mechanical stress and protect cellular structures to the attack of reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the other hand, the difference between the inactivation rate of E. coli and Acanthamoeba, points out the importance of the different inactivation mechanisms, suggesting that the entry of small TiO2 particles into the cytoplasm of the Acanthamoeba cells provokes the attack of inner structures and as a consequence a faster inactivation. This mechanism is not possible when the catalyst is immobilized leading to a higher cell resistance to inactivation and consequently lower efficiency of the disinfection process.Spanish State Research 536 Agency (AEI)Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO)Comunidad de MadridFundación Universitaria San Pablo CEUInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIDepto. de Química InorgánicaFac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEpu

MicroRNA-138-5p Targets Pro-Apoptotic Factors and Favors Neural Cell Survival: Analysis in the Injured Spinal Cord

The central nervous system microRNA miR-138-5p has attracted much attention in cancer research because it inhibits pro-apoptotic genes including CASP3. We hypothesize that miR-138-5p downregulation after SCI leads to overexpression of pro-apoptotic genes, sensitizing neural cells to noxious stimuli. This study aimed to identify miR-138-5p targets among pro-apoptotic genes overexpressed following SCI and to confirm that miR-138-5p modulates cell death in neural cells. Gene expression and histological analyses revealed that the drop in miR-138-5p expression after SCI is due to the massive loss of neurons and oligodendrocytes and its downregulation in neurons. Computational analyses identified 176 potential targets of miR-138-5p becoming dysregulated after SCI, including apoptotic proteins CASP-3 and CASP-7, and BAK. Reporter, RT-qPCR, and immunoblot assays in neural cell cultures confirmed that miR-138-5p targets their 3′UTRs, reduces their expression and the enzymatic activity of CASP-3 and CASP-7, and protects cells from apoptotic stimuli. Subsequent RT-qPCR and histological analyses in a rat model of SCI revealed that miR-138-5p downregulation correlates with the overexpression of its pro-apoptotic targets. Our results suggest that the downregulation of miR-138-5p after SCI may have deleterious effects on neural cells, particularly on spinal neurons

MicroRNA-138-5p targets pro-apoptotic factors and favors neural cell survival: analysis in the injured spinal cord.

The central nervous system microRNA miR-138-5p has attracted much attention in cancer research because it inhibits pro-apoptotic genes including CASP3. We hypothesize that miR-138-5p downregulation after SCI leads to overexpression of pro-apoptotic genes, sensitizing neural cells to noxious stimuli. This study aimed to identify miR-138-5p targets among pro-apoptotic genes overexpressed following SCI and to confirm that miR-138-5p modulates cell death in neural cells. Gene expression and histological analyses revealed that the drop in miR-138-5p expression after SCI is due to the massive loss of neurons and oligodendrocytes and its downregulation in neurons. Computational analyses identified 176 potential targets of miR-138-5p becoming dysregulated after SCI, including apoptotic proteins CASP-3 and CASP-7, and BAK. Reporter, RT-qPCR, and immunoblot assays in neural cell cultures confirmed that miR-138-5p targets their 3’UTRs, reduces their expression and the enzymatic activity of CASP-3 and CASP-7, and protects cells from apoptotic stimuli. Subsequent RT-qPCR and histological analyses in a rat model of SCI revealed that miR-138-5p downregulation correlates with the overexpression of its pro-apoptotic targets. Our results suggest that the downregulation of miR-138-5p after SCI may have deleterious effects on neural cells, particularly on spinal neurons

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