Factores de posicionamiento en hipermercados Tottus, Plaza Vea y Metro. Trujillo - 2018

La investigación tiene como objetivo determinar los factores de posicionamiento en los hipermercados Tottus, Plaza Vea y Metro en la ciudad de Trujillo 2018. Los resultados que se obtuvieron fueron gracias a un cuestionario que consta de 13 preguntas de las 1 de ellas mide el top of mind, el resto de preguntas está basado en indicadores relacionados a la teoría de David Aaker lo cual sirvió para determinar los factores de posicionamiento más relevantes según la percepción que tiene el consumidor, para lo cual fue aplicado a 385 personas que realizan compras en hipermercados en la ciudad de Trujillo, con un diseño de corte transversal, siendo una tesis descriptiva la cual no está afectando ninguna variable de la investigación. El presente estudio, además de contribuir con identificar los factores principales de posicionamiento de los hipermercados en Trujillo, permite averiguar en qué nivel de posicionamiento se encuentra cada uno de los hipermercados investigados y la perspectiva que tienen los consumidores en base al servicio que les brindan. En base a lo investigado se llega a la conclusión general que los factores de posicionamiento determinantes en los hipermercados Plaza Vea, Tottus y Metro de la ciudad de Trujillo son la recordación de marca y la percepción de marca, debido a que estas dimensiones planteadas por David Aaker tienen el mayor valor de los resultados obtenidos

Three-level Evaluation of Chopped Sugar Cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Stems in the Diet of Pigs

In order to integrate alternative plant sources of energy in the diet of swine weaned in the stages of growth and fin-ishing, twenty, Landrace x Yorkshire castrated animals were used in this study. Their diets contained 15% and 13% crude protein. Fresh unpeeled sugar cane stems were chopped and included in the diet, at 15%, 20%, and 25% (growth stage); and 25%, 30%, and 35% (finish stage). The trial lasted 14 weeks. A completely randomized block design was used, with four treatments and five replicas; the Duncan´s significance test (5% probability) was also made. The inclusion of 30% sugar cane stalks from stems produced the highest mean weight values (83.80 kg P < 0.05). The highest weight gain value was observed in the pigs that consumed diets that included 20% sugar cane, whereas the best values for the finish stage was the 30% inclusion variant. The inclusion of 35% in the finish stage had the best feed conversion (2.19 kg/kg P < 0.05). The addition of 20-30% of chopped sugar cane stalks was rec-ommended to fatten pigs

Determinación De La Influencia De Las Fases Lunares, Utilizando Tres Variedades De Fréjol (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) En El Cantón Antonio Ante, Provincia De Imbabura

The present study was conducted at the parish of San Roque, canton Antonio which is before the county of Imbabura. The seed materials used in this study are seeds of frijol varieties such as Paragachi, Canario, and Yunguilla which comes from Santa Catalina (INIAP). The treatments were made up of fréjol varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris L) through the use of the lunar calendar. It uses the design blocks totally at random (DBCA) with six treatments and four repetitions. Their variables were subjected to the variance analysis and it was used to determine the statistical differences of multiple ranges. The Tukey test was also used in this study. The development of the experimental rehearsal were carried out by the following works based on the analysis of the floor, preparation of the floor, subscriber, sowing, fertilization, watering, control of overgrowths, control Phytosanitary, and harvest. To estimate the effects of the treatments, the following data was collected: height from the plant to 30, 60, and 90 days after planting, days of flowering; days of maturation; longitude of sheaths; number of sheaths for plant; number of seeds forsheath; weigh of 100 seeds; grain yield; and economic analysis. According to the interpretation of the results, it was deduced that the biggest plant height was obtained by planting variety of Paragachi. This is done with the use of the lunar calendar. Also, the planting of variety of Yunguilla, using the agricultural lunar calendar, reported bigger number of sheaths for plant and seeds for sheath. The variable days of flowering and days of maturation shows a highly significant difference in the studied treatments. The biggest longitude of sheaths (14,55 cm); weigh of 100 seeds (73,25 g), and yield (3325,00 kg/ha) presented canario variety using lunar calendar. With regards to the economic analysis, all the treatments obtained profitable results. The canario variety stands out using the agricultural lunar calendar with a bigger net profit of $ 3274,14

Characterization of Cropping Systems Integrated with Cattle Raising in the Guayas River Basin, Los Rios Province, Ecuador

The aim of this research was to characterize cropping systems integrated with cattle raising in the Guayas River basin, Ecuador. Samples from 50 farms included as study cases, and 19 variables (16 input and 3 output variables) were studied. All cases were classified by factorial and cluster analysis during the first stage, based on the principal component and non-hierarchical cluster analysis (k-mean) methods. Four clusters (I, II, III, IV) were defined and codified according to the mean values of the related variables. Finally, the productive response was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance, considering each particular codification as study factors depending on the clusters; the output variables were regarded as the productive response. The results showed the priority of the components, which expressed more variability in the systems studied, and depended on input use, residues introduced, and food produced. The classification made according to the variables included in the input component comprised half the samples in clusters III and IV with the highest values. The cropping productive response was dependent on the amount of inputs utilized, whereas, the response of cattle raising was highest in the categories with the lowest input utilization levels.The aim of this research was to characterize cropping systems integrated with cattle raising in the Guayas River basin, Ecuador. Samples from 50 farms included as study cases, and 19 variables (16 input and 3 output variables) were studied. All cases were classified by factorial and cluster analysis during the first stage, based on the principal component and non-hierarchical cluster analysis (k-mean) methods. Four clusters (I, II, III, IV) were defined and codified according to the mean values of the related variables. Finally, the productive response was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance, considering each particular codification as study factors depending on the clusters; the output variables were regarded as the productive response. The results showed the priority of the components, which expressed more variability in the systems studied, and depended on input use, residues introduced, and food produced. The classification made according to the variables included in the input component comprised half the samples in clusters III and IV with the highest values. The cropping productive response was dependent on the amount of inputs utilized, whereas, the response of cattle raising was highest in the categories with the lowest input utilization levels

Behavior of Productive Indicators in Two Female Broiler Lines Using Two Feeding Systems in Tropical Environmental Conditions

To study the behavior of weekly weight, food consumption, and foodd conversion associated to meat production in female broilers in the tropics, 400 one-day old female broilers (200 Ross 308 and 200 Cobb 500 broilers) were included in an experiment. Breeding was made in two houses with uncontrolled environmental conditions. A multifactorial design was used; including lines (Cobb 500 and Ross 308), food presentation (meal and pellets), and two houses, for a base design of eight combinations of factors and a repetition, totaling N=16 quarters. The experimental unit was made of 25 female broilers in each quarter, with a density of 12 chicken/m2, similar to the usual local production conditions. Simple and multiple analyses of variance were made with interactions and analysis of covariance. The values achieved for the weekly weights, food consumption, and food conversion were adequate for the production conditions of female broilers in the tropic, and similar to reports of yielding manuals for the lines studied

Evaluación De Tres Niveles De Mananos Oligosacáridos (Sacharomices Cerevisae) En Los Parámetros Productivos Y Salud Intestinal En Pollos De Engorde En El Cantón Babahoyo, Provincia De Los Ríos, Ecuador

The objective of this research was to evaluate different levels of mannans oligosaccharides (MOs) in productive parameters and intestinal health in broilers. Two hundred and forty one-day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308 line) were used during a 6-week experimental period. A completely randomized design with four treatments and six replicates was used. The evaluated levels were 0.0 kg t-1 (T0); 0.5 kg t-1 (T 1); 1 kg t-1 (T2) and 1.5 kg t-1 (T3). For the mean comparisons, a Tukey test (P≤0.05) was used. The source of oligosaccharide mannans derived from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and it was added to the commercial balanced feed. Productive parameters, intestinal villi and economic performance (costbenefit) were evaluated. The data was analyzed with the statistical program SAS V9 (2012). At 42 days of the test, T2 reached the highest average weight of 2455.48 g. For feed consumption, the mean average for T0, T1, T3 and T2 were 4342.63 g, 4304.5 g, 4254.32 g and 4216.80 g respectively. T2 had higher weight gain compare to the control group, 535.70 and 388.84 g, respectively. Feed conversion was higher for T2 (1.71) compared to the control group (1.85). T1 obtained had a carcass yield of 75.89%. Mortality did not show significant differences (P≥ 0.05). Length and width (μm) of the intestinal villi were different (P≤0.05) among treatments, at 21 days of, T3 showed the longest (1939.74 μm) and widest (326.03 μm) measures at the duodenum site. The economic analysis, all the treatments were profitable results, although T1 had the highest cost-benefits ($ 1.30)

Determinantes del Spread en las Tasas de Interés Bancarias en Costa Rica

Proyecto de graduación (Licenciatura en Administración de Empresas. Enfasis en Finanzas) Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Administración de Empresas, 2016.Determine the factors that determine the Costa Rican banking spread, through an analysis of qualitative data with information from the Costa Rican financial system using the methodology used in similar other studies prepared for Latin America, which consist in analize the microeconomic, macroeconomic and institutional variables that theoretically affect the composition of the spread and compare it to the specific case of Costa Rica by an expert opinion. Also, this investigation made a comparison between the Costa Rican bank spread to other countries in the region between the period 2005 to 2014, in order to visualize the evolution that has taken this indicator in recent years was performed. This type of study could be useful to discern certain regulatory measures that can be applied in Costa Rica to improve financial intermediation margin.Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica

Evaluación de tres niveles de tallo de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) en dietas para cerdos

Con el objetivo de integrar fuentes alternativas de energía de origen vegetal en la alimentación de cerdos destetados en la fase de crecimiento y acabado, se utilizaron 20 híbridos Landrace x Yorkshire, castrados, alimentados con dietas al 15 y 13 % de proteína cruda. Se incluyó en la dieta el tallo de caña de azúcar fresca fraccionada sin pelar al 15; 20 y 25 % (fase de crecimiento) y 25; 30 y 35 % (fase de acabado). El ensayo duró 14 semanas. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con cuatro tratamientos y cinco repeticiones y la prueba de significancia de Duncan al 5 % de probabilidad. Con el 30 % de inclusión de tallo de caña de azúcar se obtuvo mayor peso promedio 83,80 kg (P < 0,05). La mayor ganancia de peso durante la fase de crecimiento se observó en aquellos cerdos que consumieron dietas con inclusión del 20 % de caña de azúcar, mientras que en la fase acabado el que se incluyó 30 % de caña de azúcar. La inclusión del 35 % en la fase de acabado obtuvo la mejor conversión alimenticia 2,19 kg/kg (P < 0,05). Se recomienda la inclusión entre 20 y 30 % de tallo de caña de azúcar fraccionada en el engorde de cerdos. &nbsp

Caracterización de sistemas de producción agrícolas con ganado vacuno en la cuenca baja del río Guayas, provincia de Los Ríos, Ecuador

Aim: The aim of this research was to characterize agricultural systems using cattle in the Guayas River basin, Ecuador. Materials and Methods: The samples from 50 farms, and 19 variables (16 input and 3 output variables) were considered study cases. All instances were classified by factorial and conglomerate analysis during the first stage, based on the principal component and non-hierarchical clusters (k-mean) methods. Four conglomerates were defined and codified according to the mean values of the related variables, from I to IV. Finally, the productive response was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance, which considered each particular codification as study factors, based on the conglomerates; the output variables were deemed as the productive response. Results: The results showed the priority of the components, which expressed more variability in the systems studied, and depended on the use of inputs, residues, and food produced. The classification made according to the variables included in the input component comprised half the sample in conglomerates III and IV, with the highest values. Conclusion:The agricultural productive response was determined by the greater use of inputs; however, cattle response was higher in the categories with the lowest utilization levels.Antecedentes: La investigación se realizó con el objetivo de caracterizar los sistemas de producción agrícolas con ganado vacuno en la cuenca baja del río Guayas, Ecuador. Métodos: Para los análisis la muestra estuvo conformada por 50 fincas, consideradas como casos en estudio y 19 variables, de ellas 16 de entrada y tres de salida o respuesta productiva. En una primera etapa se clasificaron los casos por medio del Análisis Factorial y de Conglomerados; para ello fueron seleccionados los métodos de Componentes Principales y de agrupación no jerárquica K-medias. Se definieron cuatro conglomerados, que fueron codificados en relación a los valores medios presentados por las variables que los formaron desde I hasta IV. Finalmente se evaluó la respuesta productiva, se utilizó el análisis de varianza univariado donde fueron considerados como factores en estudio la codificación obtenida para cada caso, según conglomerados y como salida las variables de respuesta productiva. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron en orden de prioridad las componentes que explicaron la mayor variabilidad de los sistemas estudiados y se relacionaron con la utilización de insumos, los residuos y los alimentos producidos. La clasificación realizada utilizando las variables incluidas en la componente insumos, agrupó la mitad de la muestra en los conglomerados III y IV, con los valores más altos. Conclusiones: En relación a la respuesta productiva estuvo determinada para la actividad agrícola por la mayor utilización de insumos; no así la ganadera, que fue mayor en las categorías con menores niveles en su utilización

Evaluación del contenido de hidroximetilfurfural en miel comercial y artesanal de Los Ríos-Babahoyo

Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a compound that is produced after heat treatment of honeys, that is, they are not present in the initial raw materials and can present a potential health hazard, they are known as chemical processing contaminants. This compound is an indicator parameter of the quality of honey, which is produced spontaneously and its concentration increases with time and other factors; such as improper heat treatment during processing, storage temperature and mode of transportation.  The objective of this research is focused on evaluating the content of HMF present in 6 types of honey, 3 commercial brands and 3 artisanal brands, the honeys were from flowering eucalyptus and citrus fruits, the place where the honeys were acquired is in the Province of Los Ríos, since being a geographical area with abundant flora, the main pollinators are bees (Apis Mellifera). In addition, heating of honey at different temperatures and time intervals was performed to assess whether hydroxymethylfurfural increases when heat is added to honey. The present work was carried out in the Phytopathology Laboratory of the Technical University of Babahoyo, the honeys of commercial and artisanal bees were acquired between 1 and 5 days before the trial. For the HMF analysis, a UV wave spectrophotometer was obtained, specified in the INEN 1637 standards, to determine the absorbance of the standard sample against the absorbance of the reference sample, at 284 and 336 nm in a 1 cm cell. El hidroximetilfurfural (HMF) es un compuesto que se produce después del tratamiento térmico de las mieles, es decir, no están presentes en las materias primas iniciales y pueden presentar un peligro potencial para la salud, se conocen como contaminantes de procesamiento químico. Este compuesto es un parámetro indicador de la calidad de la miel, que se produce espontáneamente y su concentración aumenta con el tiempo y otros factores; como el tratamiento térmico inadecuado durante el procesamiento, la temperatura de almacenamiento y el modo de transporte.  El objetivo de esta investigación se centra en evaluar el contenido de HMF presente en 6 tipos de miel, 3 marcas comerciales y 3 marcas artesanales, las mieles fueron de eucalipto en flor y cítricos, el lugar donde se adquirieron las mieles es en la Provincia de Los Ríos, ya que, al ser una zona geográfica con abundante flora, los principales polinizadores son las abejas (Apis Mellifera). Además, se realizó el calentamiento de la miel a diferentes temperaturas e intervalos de tiempo para evaluar si el hidroximetilfurfural aumenta cuando se agrega calor a la miel. El presente trabajo se realizó en el Laboratorio de Fitopatología de la Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, las mieles de abejas comerciales y artesanales fueron adquiridas entre 1 y 5 días antes del ensayo.&nbsp