Eikonal zeros in the momentum transfer space from proton-proton scattering: An empirical analysis

By means of improved empirical fits to the differential cross section data on $pp$ elastic scattering at $19.4 \le\sqrt{s}\le 62.5$ GeV and making use of a semi-analytical method, we determine the eikonal in the momentum transfer space (the inverse scattering problem). This method allows the propagation of the uncertainties from the fit parameters up to the extracted eikonal, providing statistical evidence that the imaginary part of the eikonal (real part of the opacity function) presents a zero (change of signal) in the momentum space, at $q^2 \approx 7 \pm 1$ GeV$^2$. We discuss the implication of this change of signal in the phenomenological context, showing that eikonal models with one zero provide good descriptions of the differential cross sections in the full momentum transfer range, but that is not the case for models without zero. Empirical connections between the extracted eikonal and results from a recent global analysis on the proton electric form factor are also discussed, in special the Wu-Yang conjecture. In addition, we present a critical review on the $pp$ differential cross section data presently available at high energies.Comment: Two references and some misprints corrected, 22 pages; final version to be published in Eur.Phys. J. C (2008

Health literacy survey Portugal: A contribution for the knowledge on health and communications

The Portuguese Health Literacy Survey (HLS-PT) was developed and applied in Portugal on 2014, and its core goals were to contribute to an increase in the knowledge about the level of health literacy in Portugal and identify the main limitations, problems and obstacles associated with health literacy in Portuguese society, and to target the potential for future action in a way that will improve the current reality. In order to permit comparisons with other European countries, this study followed the methodology proposed by The European Health Literacy Survey HLS-EU (HLS-EU Consortium, 2012: Comparative Report on Health Literacy in Eight EU Member States). Our main conclusion shows that literacy level in Portugal is very similar to other countries of the European survey and that information sources are an important instrument to improve health literacy.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

PT-symmetry from Lindblad dynamics in a linearized optomechanical system

We analyze a lossy linearized optomechanical system in the red-detuned regime under the rotating wave approximation. This so-called optomechanical state transfer protocol provides effective lossy frequency converter (quantum beam-splitter-like) dynamics where the strength of the coupling between the electromagnetic and mechanical modes is controlled by the optical steady-state amplitude. By restricting to a subspace with no losses, we argue that the transition from mode-hybridization in the strong coupling regime to the damped-dynamics in the weak coupling regime, is a signature of the passive parity-time (PT) symmetry breaking transition in the underlying non-Hermitian quantum dimer. We compare the dynamics generated by the quantum open system (Langevin or Lindblad) approach to that of the PT-symmetric Hamiltonian, to characterize the cases where the two are identical. Additionally, we numerically explore the evolution of separable and correlated number states at zero temperature as well as thermal initial state evolution at room temperature. Our results provide a pathway for realizing non-Hermitian Hamiltonians in optomechanical systems at a quantum level

Caracterização dos rizomas filhos e da fécula do mangarito (Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott) e elaboração de filmes biodegradáveis.

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Attainability set of a mechanical controlable system and conditions of robust stability

[ES] Como aplicación de la solución del problema sobre la variación máxima de las amplitudes de oscilación de las soluciones de un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales con una perturbación externa, el cual describe la dinámica de un sistema mecánico controlable con impactos, se determina una aproximación de la frontera del conjunto de alcanzabilidad del sistema dinámico. El método consiste en determinar en un conjunto, la perturbación externa que provoque amplitudes de oscilación máximas sobre las soluciones del sistema, y con ayuda de esta perturbación, determinar la existencia de trayectorias cerradas, las cuales describen la frontera del conjunto de alcanzabilidad. Los resultados se ilustran de forma numérica en casos particulares.[EN] In this work, the boundary of the attainabbility set of a second order differential equation with an external perturbation is determined numerically, using the solution of the problem of the maximum variation of the oscillation amplitudes of its solutions. The method consists in determining, in a given set of functions, the external perturbation that causes maximum oscillation amplitudes in the solutions of the dierential equation that describes, as a particular case, the dynamics of a controllable mechanical system with impacts. With the help of this perturbation, the existence of a closed path that describes the boundary of the reachability set is determined, which allow to establish suffcient conditions on the robust stability of the solutions of the differential equation. The results are illustrated numerically in particular cases.Temoltzi-Ávila, R.; Ávila-Pozos, R. (2020). Conjunto de alcanzabilidad de un sistema mecánico controlable y condiciones de estabilidad robusta. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 17(3). https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2020.11938OJS293173Aleksandrov, V. V., Aleksandrova, O. V., Konovalenko, I., Tikhonova, K. V., 2016. Perturbed stable systems on a plane. Part 1. Moscow University Mechanics Bulletin 71 (5), 108-113. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0027133016050022Aleksandrov, V. V., Alexandrova, O. V., Prikhod'ko, I. P., Telmotzi-Auila, R., 2007. Synthesis of self-oscillations. Moscow University Mechanics Bulletin 62 (3), 65-68. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0027133007030016Aleksandrov, V. V., Reyes-Romero, M., Sidorenko, G. Y., Temoltzi-Auila, R., 2010. Stability of controlled inverted pendulum under permanent horizontal perturbations of the supporting point. Mechanics of Solids 45 (2), 187-193. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0025654410020044Boyd, S., Ghaoui, L.E., Feron, E., Balakrishnan, V., 1994. Linear matrix inequalities in system and control theory. SIAM, Philadelphia. https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611970777Bugrov, D. I., Formals'kii, A. M., 2017. Time dependence of the attainability regions of third order systems. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mecha- nics 81, 106-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappmathmech.2017.08.004Bugrov, D.I., 2016. Estimation of the attainability set for a linear system based on a linear matrix inequality. Moscow University Mathematics Bulletin 71, 253-256. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0027132216060061.Dyskin, A. V., Pasternak, E., Pelinovsky, E., 2012. On the dynamics of oscilators with bi-linear damping and stiffness. Journal of Sound and Vibration 331, 2856-2873. https://doi.org/10..1016/j.jsv.2012.01.031Elishakoff, I., Ohsaki, M., 2010. Optimization and anti-optimization of structures under uncertainty. Imperial College Press, London. https://doi.org/10.1142/p678Elsgoltz, L., 1969. Ecuaciones diferenciales y cálculo variacional. Mir, Moscú.Formal'skii, A. M., 2010. On the synthesis of optimal control for second order systems. Doklady Mathematics 81, 164-167. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064562410010448Fridman, E., Shaked, U., 2010. On reachable sets for linear systems with delay and bounded peak inputs. Automatica 39, 2005-2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005- 1098(03)00204-8.Gomez, L.M., Botero, H., Alvarez, H., di Sciascio, F., 2015. Análisis de la controlabilidad de estado de sistemas irreversibles mediante teoría de conjuntos. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial 12, 145-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riai.2015.02.002.Gusev, M.I., 2012. External estimates of the reachability sets of nonlinear controlled systems. Automation and Remote Control 73, 450-461. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0005117912030046.Gusev, M.I., 2014. Internal approximations of reachable sets of control systems with state constraints. Proceedings of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics 287, 77-92. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0081543814090089.Holzinger, M.J., Scheeres, D.J., 2011. Reachability set subspace computation for nonlinear systems using sampling methods. 2011 50th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference , 7317- 7324. https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.2011.6160728.Ibrahim, R. A., 2009. Vibro-impact dynamics. Modelling, mapping and applications. Springer-Verlag, Berling. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00275-5_8Kumkov, S.S., Zharinov, A.N., 2004. Constructing attainability sets for nonlinear controlled systems in the plane. IFAC Proceedings Volumes 37, 158- 168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2007.01.109. iFAC Workshop GSCP-04: Generalized solutions in control problems, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Russia, September 21-29, 2004.Kurzhanski, A., Valyi, I., 1999. Ellipsoidal calculus for estimation and control. Systems & Control: Foundations & Applications. Birkhäuser, Boston.Ma, Y., Agarwal, M., Banerjee, S., 2006. Border collision bifurcations in a soft impact system. Physics Letters A 354, 281-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2006.01.025Natsiavas, S., 1990. On the dynamics of oscillators with bi-linear damping and stiffness. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 25(5), 535-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7462(90)90017-4Parshikov, G.V., Matviychuk, A.R., 2017. On resource-efficient algorithm for non-linear systems approximate reachability set construction. AIP Conference Proceedings 1895, 120007. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5007424.Pitarch, J.L., Sala, A., Arino, C.V., 2015. Estabilidad de sistemas Takagi-Sugeno bajo perturbaciones persistentes: estimación de conjuntos inescapables. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial 12, 457-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riai.2015.09.007.Shen, C., Zhong, S., 2011. The ellipsoidal bound of reachable sets for linear neutral systems with disturbances. Journal of the Franklin Institute 348, 2570-2585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2011.07.017.Vinnikov, E.V., 2015. Construction of attainable sets and integral funnels of nonlinear controlled systems in the Matlab environment. Computational Mathematics and Modeling 26, 107-119. doi:10.1007/s10598-014-9259-5Weger, J. D., der Water, V. V., 2000. Grazing impact oscillations. Physical Review E 62, 2030-2041. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.62.2030Yakubovich, V. A., Leonov, G. A., Gelig, A. K., 2004. Stability of stationary sets in control systems with discontinuous nonlinearities. Series on Stability, Vibration and Control of Systems. World Scientific, New Jersey. https://doi.org/10.1142/5442Zhermolenko, V. N., 1980. Sobre el problema de Bulgakov referente a la desviación máxima de un sistema oscilatorio de segundo orden. Vestn. Mosk. Univ. Ser. 1: Mat. Mekh. 2, 87-91, [En ruso].Zhermolenko, V. N., 2007. Maximum deviation of oscillating system of the second order with external and parametric disturbances. Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International 46, 407-411. https://doi.org/10.1134/S106423070703009

Total factor productividty growth in agriculture: the role of technological capital.

In this chapter we compute measures of total factor productivity (TFP) growth for developing countries and then contrast TFP growth with technological capital indexes. In developing these indexes, we incorporate schooling capital to yield two new indexes: Invention-Innovation Capital and Technology Mastery. We find that TFP performance is strongly related to technological capital and that technological capital is required for TFP and cost reduction growth. Investments in technological capital require long-term (20- to 40-year) investments, which are typically made by governments and aid agencies and are the only viable escape route from mass poverty