Immaturities in Reward Processing and Its Influence on Inhibitory Control in Adolescence

The nature of immature reward processing and the influence of rewards on basic elements of cognitive control during adolescence are currently not well understood. Here, during functional magnetic resonance imaging, healthy adolescents and adults performed a modified antisaccade task in which trial-by-trial reward contingencies were manipulated. The use of a novel fast, event-related design enabled developmental differences in brain function underlying temporally distinct stages of reward processing and response inhibition to be assessed. Reward trials compared with neutral trials resulted in faster correct inhibitory responses across ages and in fewer inhibitory errors in adolescents. During reward trials, the blood oxygen level–dependent signal was attenuated in the ventral striatum in adolescents during cue assessment, then overactive during response preparation, suggesting limitations during adolescence in reward assessment and heightened reactivity in anticipation of reward compared with adults. Importantly, heightened activity in the frontal cortex along the precentral sulcus was also observed in adolescents during reward-trial response preparation, suggesting reward modulation of oculomotor control regions supporting correct inhibitory responding. Collectively, this work characterizes specific immaturities in adolescent brain systems that support reward processing and describes the influence of reward on inhibitory control. In sum, our findings suggest mechanisms that may underlie adolescents’ vulnerability to poor decision-making and risk-taking behavior

Adaptive Case Management - A Review of Method Support

Part 4: Reviews and Analyses of Modeling MethodsInternational audienceKnowledge-intensive Processes are difficult to support by traditional workflow oriented Business Process Management approaches. Reasons lie in in ad-hoc decisions and unpredictable workflows that come with them. Adaptive Case Management (ACM) is a paradigm for the management of knowledge-intensive processes that has recently drawn attention in industry and the scientific community. This development led to the standardization of CMMN as a notation for process models for the ACM implementation. This study assess the availability of method support for the use of ACM and the fitness of CMMN for fulfilling the modeling requirements in this context based on a systematic literature review. As a result missing method support, CMMN shortcomings as well as suggestions for the implementation of ACM in combination with CMMN are discussed