5,975 research outputs found
Psychagogia in Plato's Phaedrus
published or submitted for publicatio
Cicero vs. Ciceronianism in the Ciceronianus
published or submitted for publicatio
Justice in Thucydidesβ Athenian speeches
Speakers in Thucydides sometimes dismiss considerations of justice as irrelevant to decision-making in questions of international relations. It is argued that this line of argument is a distinctive characteristic of Thucydidesβ Athenian speakers; and evidence from Athenian political oratory in the fourth and (so far as it is recoverable) late fifth centuries suggest that it is unlikely to have been characteristic in reality of Athenian speakers in the late fifth century. This conclusion poses a problem concerning Thucydidesβ practice in his speeches to which there is no evident solution
Pre-Aristotelian Theories of Argument: Isocratean Vocabulary and Practice
This essay contributes to our understanding of pre-Aristotelian concepts of argument by examining the works of the Attic rhetorician Isocrates. Isocrates employed a quasi-technical vocabulary and described conditions under which various types of arguments more or less proper. By careful abstraction we can see what he meant by these terms and conditions. Though not an original argument theorist, per se, Isocrates provides us with a window into pre-Aristotelian argumentation
Society, Politics, and Ideology of Classical Athens
Π ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ β Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ β ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΡΠΈΠ½ VβIV Π²Π². Π΄ΠΎ Π½.Ρ., Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠ·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΏ (Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡ) ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
. Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
(Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΠΌ) Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² Β«ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠΈΒ», Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Β«ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΒ» Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
.
ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΏΡ, ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΏΠ° Π² ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ: ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Β«Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ
Β» ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Β«Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈΒ» ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½.
Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ-Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π° Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ VβIV Π²Π². Π΄ΠΎ Π½.Ρ., ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°.
In the book debatable problems of Athenian history in 5th-4th centuries B.C. and concomitant issues are examined on the basis of various sources analysis and usage of recent advances in historiography. Interrelations between political leaders and crowds (unorganized mass gatherings) are considered in the two first parts. In terms of analysis of words designating crowds and sources information on probable actions of unorganized mass gatherings, the author concludes that the crowd in classical Athens almost did not influence politics but was used as a tool of ideological frightening. For description of democratic Athens ideology, proper names are analyzed with use of both prosopographical and descriptive statistics methods.
In the paper original approaches are utilized; they make it possible to look in a new way at both Athenian society in 5th-4th centuries B.C. and other issues in ancient world history
Lysias, Isocrates and the Trierarchs of Aegospotami
Isocr. 18 could have hired Isocrates, and the speaker of Lys. 21 and Eryximachus could have hired Lysias as speechwriters for their rhetorical skills. However, it is probable that Isocratesβ choice to criticize the former colleagues of Isocr. 18 in his speech could have led the other two trierarchs to ask for Lysiasβ help. This fact highlightsΒ the tensions between the elite when Athens was defeated in the PeloponnesianΒ War. This antagonism between the trierarchs could be the beginning of the logographicΒ competition between Lysias and Isocrates
Protrepticus
A new translation and edition of Aristotle's Protrepticus (with critical comments on the fragments)
Welcome
The Protrepticus was an early work of Aristotle, written while he was still a member of Plato's Academy, but it soon became one of the most famous works in the whole history of philosophy. Unfortunately it was not directly copied in the middle ages and so did not survive in its own manuscript tradition. But substantial fragments of it have been preserved in several works by Iamblichus of Chalcis, a third century A.D. neo-Pythagorean philosopher and educator. On the basis of a close study of Iamblichus' extensive use and excerption of Aristotle's Protrepticus, it is possible to reconstruct the backbone of the lost work, and then to flesh it out with the other surviving reports about the work from antiquity (for example in Alexander of Aphrodisias and other ancient commentators on Aristotle). It is also possible to identify several papyrus fragments of the work, and many references and literary allusions in later authors, especially Cicero, whose own lost dialogue Hortensius was a defense of philosophy modeleld on Aristotle's
The contribution of isocrates to western educational thought.
The main theme of the thesis is that Isocrates, although somewhat neglected, is one of the most important figures in the early history of Western Education, He is, in particular, largely responsible for the fact that it has been predominately literary, His role in the conversion of rhetoric from an oral to a written art is discussed, as is his place in the new rhetorical and philosophical culture and his role in the transmission of that culture to subsequent generations. The influence on Isocrates of such exponents of the new culture as Euripides, Socrates and Gorgias is stressed. An analysis is made of sophistry and philosophy in Fourth Century Athens and attempt is made to Place Isocrates wihin this intellectual milieu. His own philosophy is discussed, especially the ideas expressed by the words logos and doxa. The relationship between them is described and is shown to be relevant to Isocrates' concept of practical education. The place of logos at the centre of his curriculum is emphasised together with the introduction of History as a specific subject. His teaching methods are analysed and special attention is paid to the three stages of instruction, the small size of his classes and the subsequent interaction "between his pupils and himself. An attempt is made to estimate the success of his school and his ideas by a survey of his known pupils. Timotheus and Lyourgus, two of his pupils, are suggested as a model for the Renaissance Man. Finally an examination is made of the manner in which Isocrates' ideas were accepted and absorbed into Western Educational Thought by way of Cicero, Quintilian and such later figures as Erasmus and Sir Thomas Elyot
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