Arsenic in Soils and Forages from Poultry Litter-Amended Pastures

In regions of concentrated poultry production, poultry litter (PL) that contains significant quantities of trace elements is commonly surface-applied to pastures at high levels over multiple years. This study examined the effect of long-term applications of PL on soil concentrations of arsenic (As), copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), and the uptake of these elements by bermuda grass grown on Cecil (well-drained) and Sedgefield (somewhat poorly-drained) soils. The results showed that concentrations of As, Cu, and Zn in soils that had received surface-applied PL over a 14-year period were significantly greater than untreated soil at 0–2.5 and 2.5–7.5 cm depths. However, the levels were well below the USEPA loading limits established for municipal biosolids. Arsenic fractionation showed that concentrations of all As fractions were significantly greater in PL-amended soils compared to untreated soils at 0–2.5 and 2.5–7.5 cm depths. The residual fraction was the predominant form of As in all soils. The water-soluble and NaHCO3-associated As were only 2% of the total As. Significant differences were found in concentrations of these trace elements and phosphorus (P) in forage from PL-amended soils compared to that in untreated plots. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, As, and P were significantly greater in forage from Sedgefield amended soil compared to Cecil soil, but were in all cases below levels of environmental concern

Exploring the Effects of Varied Land Use on Elemental Concentrations Within Streams

It is well documented that human activity influences the chemistry of surrounding waters. As such, it is possible that there is a link between land use within a watershed and the chemical composition of the stream. The objectives of this study are to determine if varied land use does affect the concentrations of macronutrients and trace elements present in the streams of Northwest Arkansas, and if so, to determine what extent urban and agricultural development are responsible for these changes. Water samples were collected across 19 streams in the Northwest Arkansas region between January and March of 2022. Water samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emissions spectrometry analysis to determine concentrations of aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, barium, boron, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, potassium, selenium, sodium, titanium, vanadium, and zinc. Watershed land use categories were determined via the Model My Watershed tool (https://modelmywatershed.org/), using the Land Use/Cover 2019 data. In the selected streams, significant positive correlations were found between urban land use and mean concentrations of boron, copper, calcium, magnesium, and sodium. Significant positive correlations were also found between agricultural land use and mean concentrations of barium and potassium across all stream sites, while negative correlations were found between agricultural land use and mean magnesium and zinc concentrations. No positive correlations between forested land use and any elemental concentration were found, but negative correlations between forested land use and mean concentrations of calcium, copper, potassium, and sodium were found. The data suggests that urban and agricultural development are the primary drivers of these trends

Characterization of Phosphorus in Animal Manures Collected from Three (Dairy, Swine, and Broiler) Farms in China

In order to identify the phosphorus species and concentration in animal manure, we comparatively characterized phosphorus in dairy manure, swine manure, and broiler litter, using a sequential procedure, a simplified two-step procedure (NaHCO3/NaOH+EDTA), and a solution Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy procedure. In the sequential procedure, deionized water extracted 39, 22, and 32%; NaHCO3 extracted 48, 26, and 37%; NaOH extracted 8, 9, and 13.8%; and HCl extracted 3, 42.8, and 17% of the total phosphorus in dairy manure, swine manure and broiler litter, respectively. Total phosphorus extracted by the NaHCO3/NaOH+EDTA procedure was 7.5, 32.4, and 15.8 g P kg-1 for dairy manure, swine manure, and broiler litter, respectively. The solution 31P-NMR procedure detected that 9, 34, and 29% of total phosphorus was phytic acid in dairy manure, swine manure, and broiler litter, respectively. These results show that phosphorus forms, availability, and quantities differ between animal manures, which provides valuable information for P characterization of animal manures in China

Management of poultry manure in Poland : current state and future perspectives

This review aimed to analyse the current state of management practices for poultry manure in Poland and present future perspectives in terms of technologies allowing closing the loops for circular economy, and thus recovery of nutrients and energy. The scope of the review focused primarily on: (1) the analysis of poultry production and generation of poultry manure with special references to quantities, properties (e.g. fertilizing properties), seasonality, etc.; (2) the overview of current practices and methods for managing poultry manure including advantages and limitations; (3) the analysis of potential and realistic threats and risk related to managing poultry manure, and also (4) the analysis of promising technologies for converting poultry manure into added value products and energy. The review addressed the following technologies: composting of poultry manure to obtain fertilizers and soil improvers, anaerobic digestion of poultry manure for energy recovery, and also pyrolysis of poultry manure into different types of biochar that can be applied in agriculture, horticulture and industry. Poultry manure is rich in macro- and micronutrients but also can contain various contaminants such as antibiotics or pesticides, and thus posing a realistic threat to soil and living organisms when applied to soil directly or after biological treatment. The main challenge in poultry manure processing is to assure sufficient closing of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous loops and safe application to soil

Characteristics of Soil Heavy Metal Contamination in the Intensive Livestock Farming Watersheds

Soil contamination of agricultural watersheds can increase to deteriorate water quality, human health, crop production and aquatic ecology. In particular, it is important to understand the impacts of soil heavy metal contamination from livestock excretion because the excretion has been gradually increasing due to the rapid growth of the livestock industry. In this study, to analyze the characteristics of soil heavy metal contamination in intensive livestock farming watersheds, we selected intensive livestock farming watersheds where livestock heads and amount of livestock excretion by species were spatiotemporally surveyed. We also investigated the characteristics of five soil heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) contamination. The Cheongmi Stream watershed in Anseong, Kyungi-do and Gwangcheon Stream watershed in Hongseong, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea were one of the most intensive livestock rearing regions where there were very large amounts of livestock excretion. It was also found that Cu and Zn among heavy metals exceeded the soil contamination concern standard at two of the sampling points in the Gwangcheon Stream watershed. Compared to the national soil measurement network data, it was showed that the concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn in the intensive livestock farming areas such as both Cheongmi Stream and Gwangcheon Stream watersheds were higher than in other areas. Thus, we suggested that the soil in intensive farming watersheds was contaminated by heavy metals compared to other areas. Therefore, it is necessary to manage not only livestock excretion, but also animals’ welfare, humans, and the environment to use less heavy metals in their feeds. We also believed that various impacts of livestock excretion on the environment need to be studied soon

Determinación de plomo en muestras de gallinaza

Determinación de plomo en muestras de gallinaza. José Alberto Jacinto Reyes. (Bajo la asesoría del Dr. Benjamín Valladares Carranza, la Dra. Lucia Delgadillo Ruiz, y el Dr. Rómulo Bañuelos Valenzuela). La gallinaza puede causar toxicidad a los animales a los que se les suministra grandes cantidades durante la alimentación. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el contenido de plomo (Pb), en gallinaza procedente de unidades de producción bovina del Estado de México. Se evaluaron 45 muestras de gallinaza que fueron enviadas al área de Toxicología del Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal de la F.M.V.Z., en el periodo 2013- 2017; él envió de dichas muestras fue con el interés de evaluarlas y determinar el contenido de Pb, dadas las condiciones o aparición de alteraciones en la salud de los bovinos que consumían dietas conteniendo dicho ingrediente. Cada una de las muestras de gallinaza fueron preparadas y procesadas a través de digestión acida (ácido nítrico y perclórico), la lectura de las muestras se realizó en un espectrofotómetro de absorción atómica con la lámpara específica de Pb, expresando las cantidades en mg/kg. Para el reporte de resultados, se empleó el método descriptivo a través de cuadros y gráficas, comparando los resultados con los valores de referencia o reportados en la literatura. El promedio general de Pb en las muestras fue de 0.47 ± 0.52 mg/kg; de acuerdo a los rangos de concentración establecidos en el trabajo, en los valores menores a 0.49 mg/kg se ubicaron 26 (57.7%) muestras, con un promedio de 0.345 ± 0.084 mg/kg, y con valores mayores a 0.50 se hallaron 19 (42.2%), con un promedio de 0.648 ±0.122 mg/kg. El valor mínimo detectado de Pb fue de 0.15 mg/kg y el máximo de 0.89 mg/kg. En la gallinaza se pueden hallar una variedad de elementos que pueden ser tóxicos para los animales que la ingieren, por lo que es necesario que antes de su uso o adición a la dieta de los bovinos de engorda, se realicen análisis bromatológico y toxicológico para disminuir la presentación de patologías; aunado a minimizar la posible repercusión en la calidad y de contaminación de la carne procedente de esta especie para abasto

63rd Annual Report, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Nebraska College of Agriculture, May 1950

Soils Research Erosion Control and Moisture Conservation, Soil Microbiology and Crop Residue Management, Mineralogical Studies, Classification and Correlation of Soils in Soil Conservation Districts, Influence of Perennial Grasses on Soil Structure, Phosphorus Status of Nebraska Soils, Fertilizers for Corn on Nonirrigated Soils, Nitrogen Fertilizers for Bromegrass, Properties of Sandy Soils in Northeastern Nebraska, Fertilizers for Winter Wheat, Lime and Commercial Fertilizers for Sweetclover, Nitrogen Maintenance in Sharpsburg Silty Clay Loam Soil, Influence of Irrigation Practice, Seeding Rate and Fertilizer Application on the Production of Safflower, Cultural Experiments with Sugar Beets, Fertilizers for Potatoes Following Bromegrass Pasture, Influence of Irrigation Practice, Plant Population and Fertilizer Application on the Yield of Corn, Commercial Fertilizers for Native Meadows, Reclamation of Seeped and Alkaline Soils. Field Crons Research A Half Century of Crops Research, Improvement of Small Grains, Small Grain Varietal Tests at North Platte, Time and Rate of Planting Oats, Dry-Land Crop Rotations at North Platte, Crop Rotations Under -Irrigation at Scottsbluff, Corn Improvement, Hybrid Corn Tests at North Platte, Corn Genetics, The Growth and Reproduction of Corn, Sorghum Improvement, Varietal Tests of Grain and Forage Sorghum at North Platte, Adaptation and Improvement of Grasses, Alfalfa Improvement, Sweetclover Improvement, Soybean Improvement and Production Practices, Weed Control Research, Outstate Testing Project. Horticultural Crops Food Value of Nebraska-Grown Vegetables, Vegetable Variety Tests, Vegetable Breeding Experiments, Cultural Experiments with Potatoes, Absorption of Carbon Dioxide by Potato Leaves, Potato Storage, Quality- Price Relationship of Retail Potatoes, Fruit Breeding, Fruit-Stocks Investigations, Orchard Spraying, Orchard Culture, Supplemental Water for Eastern Nebraska Orchards, Horticultural Studies at North Platte. Plant Diseases Bean Diseases, Sugar Beet Diseases, Cereal Diseases, Diseases of Special Crops, Virus Diseases, Plant Disease Survey, Seed Treatment Tests, Field Bean Date-of-Planting Tests, Adaptability of the Hybrid Wax Bean, 4023, in Nebraska, Susceptibility of Crop Varieties to Disease in Outstate Plots. Investigations in Agricultural Chemistry Nutritive Value of Rations for Chicks, Nutritive Value of Legume Seeds, Studies on Alfalfa in Chick Rations, Animal Protein Factors, Proteolysis in Wheat Flour Doughs, Relation of Starch to Bread Baking. Insect Control Experiments Insect Surveys and Outlook for 1950, Livestock Parasite Experiments, Field Crop Insects, Potato Insects, Horticultural Insects. Chemurgic Research and Development. Industrial Surveys, Improvement and Testing of Special Cherriurgic Crops, Oilseed Processing, Utilization of Vegetable Oils and By-products, Utilization of Wheat Starch, Carotene Retention in Alfalfa. Cattle, Hogs and Sheep Beef Cattle Feeding, Grazing and Management Investigations, Beef and Dual-Purpose Cattle Breeding Investigations, Systems of Breeding for Swine Improvement, Swine Feeding Investigations, Rendering Lard in the Home Pressure Cooker, Sheep Breeding Investigations, Lamb Feeding Experiments. Dairy Cattle Investigations. Reproduction and Breeding, Feeding and Management. Dairy Products Investigations Ice Cream Studies, Experiments with Cheese, Sanitation. Poultry Nutrition and Breeding Rations for Poultry, Poultry Breeding. Poultry Products Investigations Rancidity in Chicken Fat, Yield of White Leghorn Cockerels, Egg Washing Studies. Animal Diseases Death Losses in Young Pigs, Pathogenesis of Listeriosis, A Study of Bovine Hyperkeratosis (X Disease in Cattle), Neoplastic and Neoplasticlike Diseases of the Chicken, Diagnostic Laboratory. Agricultural Engineering Irrigation and Drainage, Farmstead Equipment, Farm Machinery and Power. Studies in Agricultural Economics Cost of Producing Farm Crops, Marketing, Farm Organization and Farm Costs, Land Use Adjustment, Agricultural Credit, Adjustments in Farm Organization, Trends and Changes Affecting Rural Schools and Problems of Their Reorganization, Classification of Land to Determine Value for Tax Purposes. Home Economics Nutrition Research, Household Equipment Research, Housing Research, Family Life Research. Experiment Station Publications Administration and Staff Experiment Station Financial Repor