Robust Iris Segmentation Based on Fully Convolutional Networks and Generative Adversarial Networks

The iris can be considered as one of the most important biometric traits due to its high degree of uniqueness. Iris-based biometrics applications depend mainly on the iris segmentation whose suitability is not robust for different environments such as near-infrared (NIR) and visible (VIS) ones. In this paper, two approaches for robust iris segmentation based on Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are described. Similar to a common convolutional network, but without the fully connected layers (i.e., the classification layers), an FCN employs at its end a combination of pooling layers from different convolutional layers. Based on the game theory, a GAN is designed as two networks competing with each other to generate the best segmentation. The proposed segmentation networks achieved promising results in all evaluated datasets (i.e., BioSec, CasiaI3, CasiaT4, IITD-1) of NIR images and (NICE.I, CrEye-Iris and MICHE-I) of VIS images in both non-cooperative and cooperative domains, outperforming the baselines techniques which are the best ones found so far in the literature, i.e., a new state of the art for these datasets. Furthermore, we manually labeled 2,431 images from CasiaT4, CrEye-Iris and MICHE-I datasets, making the masks available for research purposes.Comment: Accepted for presentation at the Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images (SIBGRAPI) 201

Performances of proposed normalization algorithm for iris recognition

Iris recognition has very high recognition accuracy in comparison with many other biometric features. The iris pattern is not the same even right and left eye of the same person. It is different and unique. This paper proposes an algorithm to recognize people based on iris images. The algorithm consists of three stages. In the first stage, the segmentation process is using circular Hough transforms to find the region of interest (ROI) of given eye images. After that, a proposed normalization algorithm is to generate the polar images than to enhance the polar images using a modified Daugman’s Rubber sheet model. The last step of the proposed algorithm is to divide the enhance the polar image to be 16 divisions of the iris region. The normalized image is 16 small constant dimensions. The Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrices (GLCM) technique calculates and extracts the normalized image’s texture feature. Here, the features extracted are contrast, correlation, energy, and homogeneity of the iris. In the last stage, a classification technique, discriminant analysis (DA), is employed for analysis of the proposed normalization algorithm. We have compared the proposed normalization algorithm to the other nine normalization algorithms. The DA technique produces an excellent classification performance with 100% accuracy. We also compare our results with previous results and find out that the proposed iris recognition algorithm is an effective system to detect and recognize person digitally, thus it can be used for security in the building, airports, and other automation in many applications

A hybrid method for accurate iris segmentation on at-a-distance visible-wavelength images

[EN] This work describes a new hybrid method for accurate iris segmentation from full-face images independently of the ethnicity of the subject. It is based on a combination of three methods: facial key-point detection, integro-differential operator (IDO) and mathematical morphology. First, facial landmarks are extracted by means of the Chehra algorithm in order to obtain the eye location. Then, the IDO is applied to the extracted sub-image containing only the eye in order to locate the iris. Once the iris is located, a series of mathematical morphological operations is performed in order to accurately segment it. Results are obtained and compared among four different ethnicities (Asian, Black, Latino and White) as well as with two other iris segmentation algorithms. In addition, robustness against rotation, blurring and noise is also assessed. Our method obtains state-of-the-art performance and shows itself robust with small amounts of blur, noise and/or rotation. Furthermore, it is fast, accurate, and its code is publicly available.Fuentes-Hurtado, FJ.; Naranjo Ornedo, V.; Diego-Mas, JA.; Alcañiz Raya, ML. (2019). A hybrid method for accurate iris segmentation on at-a-distance visible-wavelength images. EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing (Online). 2019(1):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-019-0473-0S11420191A. Radman, K. Jumari, N. Zainal, Fast and reliable iris segmentation algorithm. IET Image Process.7(1), 42–49 (2013).M. Erbilek, M. Fairhurst, M. C. D. C Abreu, in 5th International Conference on Imaging for Crime Detection and Prevention (ICDP 2013). Age prediction from iris biometrics (London, 2013), pp. 1–5. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6913712&isnumber=6867223 .A. Abbasi, M. Khan, Iris-pupil thickness based method for determining age group of a person. Int. Arab J. Inf. Technol. (IAJIT). 13(6) (2016).G. Mabuza-Hocquet, F. Nelwamondo, T. Marwala, in Intelligent Information and Database Systems. ed. by N. Nguyen, S. Tojo, L. Nguyen, B. Trawiński. Ethnicity Distinctiveness Through Iris Texture Features Using Gabor Filters. ACIIDS 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 10192 (Springer, Cham, 2017).S. Lagree, K. W. Bowyer, in 2011 IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST). Predicting ethnicity and gender from iris texture (IEEEWaltham, 2011). p. 440–445. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6107909&isnumber=6107829 .J. G. Daugman, High confidence visual recognition of persons by a test of statistical independence. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.15(11), 1148–1161 (1993).N. Kourkoumelis, M. Tzaphlidou. Medical Safety Issues Concerning the Use of Incoherent Infrared Light in Biometrics, eds. A. Kumar, D. Zhang. Ethics and Policy of Biometrics. ICEB 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6005 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010).R. P. Wildes, Iris recognition: an emerging biometric technology. Proc. IEEE. 85(9), 1348–1363 (1997).M. Kass, A. Witkin, D. Terzopoulos, Snakes: Active contour models. Int. J. Comput. Vision. 1(4), 321–331 (1988).S. J. Pundlik, D. L. Woodard, S. T. Birchfield, in 2008 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops. Non-ideal iris segmentation using graph cuts (IEEEAnchorage, 2008). p. 1–6. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4563108&isnumber=4562948 .H. Proença, Iris recognition: On the segmentation of degraded images acquired in the visible wavelength. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.32(8), 1502–1516 (2010). http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5156505&isnumber=5487331 .T. Tan, Z. He, Z. Sun, Efficient and robust segmentation of noisy iris images for non-cooperative iris recognition. Image Vision Comput.28(2), 223–230 (2010).C. -W. Tan, A. Kumar, in CVPR 2011 WORKSHOPS. Automated segmentation of iris images using visible wavelength face images (Colorado Springs, 2011). p. 9–14. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5981682&isnumber=5981671 .Y. -H. Li, M. Savvides, An automatic iris occlusion estimation method based on high-dimensional density estimation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.35(4), 784–796 (2013).M. Yahiaoui, E. Monfrini, B. Dorizzi, Markov chains for unsupervised segmentation of degraded nir iris images for person recognition. Pattern Recogn. Lett.82:, 116–123 (2016).A. Radman, N. Zainal, S. A. Suandi, Automated segmentation of iris images acquired in an unconstrained environment using hog-svm and growcut. Digit. Signal Proc.64:, 60–70 (2017).N. Liu, H. Li, M. Zhang, J. Liu, Z. Sun, T. Tan, in 2016 International Conference on Biometrics (ICB). Accurate iris segmentation in non-cooperative environments using fully convolutional networks (Halmstad, 2016). p. 1–8. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7550055&isnumber=7550036 .Z. Zhao, A. Kumar, in 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). Towards more accurate iris recognition using deeply learned spatially corresponding features (Venice, 2017). p. 3829–3838. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8237673&isnumber=8237262 .P. Li, X. Liu, L. Xiao, Q. Song, Robust and accurate iris segmentation in very noisy iris images. Image Vision Comput.28(2), 246–253 (2010).D. S. Jeong, J. W. Hwang, B. J. Kang, K. R. Park, C. S. Won, D. -K. Park, J. Kim, A new iris segmentation method for non-ideal iris images. Image Vision Comput.28(2), 254–260 (2010).Y. Chen, M. Adjouadi, C. Han, J. Wang, A. Barreto, N. Rishe, J. Andrian, A highly accurate and computationally efficient approach for unconstrained iris segmentation. Image Vision Comput. 28(2), 261–269 (2010).Z. Zhao, A. Kumar, in 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). An accurate iris segmentation framework under relaxed imaging constraints using total variation model (Santiago, 2015). p. 3828–3836. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7410793&isnumber=7410356 .Y. Hu, K. Sirlantzis, G. Howells, Improving colour iris segmentation using a model selection technique. Pattern Recogn. Lett.57:, 24–32 (2015).E. Ouabida, A. Essadique, A. Bouzid, Vander lugt correlator based active contours for iris segmentation and tracking. Expert Systems Appl.71:, 383–395 (2017).C. -W. Tan, A. Kumar, Unified framework for automated iris segmentation using distantly acquired face images. IEEE Trans. Image Proc.21(9), 4068–4079 (2012).C. -W. Tan, A. Kumar, in Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR2012). Human identification from at-a-distance images by simultaneously exploiting iris and periocular features (Tsukuba, 2012). p. 553–556. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6460194&isnumber=6460043 .C. -W. Tan, A. Kumar, Towards online iris and periocular recognition under relaxed imaging constraints. IEEE Trans. Image Proc.22(10), 3751–3765 (2013).K. Y. Shin, Y. G. Kim, K. R. Park, Enhanced iris recognition method based on multi-unit iris images. Opt. Eng.52(4), 047201–047201 (2013).CASIA iris databases. http://biometrics.idealtest.org/ . Accessed 06 Sept 2017.WVU iris databases. hhttp://biic.wvu.edu/data-sets/synthetic-iris-dataset . Accessed 06 Sept 2017.UBIRIS iris database. http://iris.di.ubi.pt . Accessed 06 Sept 2017.MICHE iris database. http://biplab.unisa.it/MICHE/ . Accessed 06 Sept 2017.P. J. Phillips, et al, in 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR’05), 1. 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Alexandre, in 2007 First IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications, and Systems. The NICE.I: Noisy Iris Challenge Evaluation - Part I (Crystal City, 2007). p. 1–4. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4401910&isnumber=4401902 .J. Daugman, in European Convention on Security and Detection. High confidence recognition of persons by rapid video analysis of iris texture, (1995). p. 244–251. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=491729&isnumber=10615 .Code of Matlab implementation of Daugman’s integro-differential operator (IDO). https://es.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/15652-iris-segmentation-using-daugman-s-integrodifferential-operator/ . Accessed 06 Sept 2017.Code of Matlab implementation of Zhao and Kumar’s iris segmentation framework under relaxed imaging constraints using total variation model. http://www4.comp.polyu.edu.hk/~csajaykr/tvmiris.htm/ . 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Biometric Systems

Because of the accelerating progress in biometrics research and the latest nation-state threats to security, this book's publication is not only timely but also much needed. This volume contains seventeen peer-reviewed chapters reporting the state of the art in biometrics research: security issues, signature verification, fingerprint identification, wrist vascular biometrics, ear detection, face detection and identification (including a new survey of face recognition), person re-identification, electrocardiogram (ECT) recognition, and several multi-modal systems. This book will be a valuable resource for graduate students, engineers, and researchers interested in understanding and investigating this important field of study

Biomedical Image Processing and Classification

Biomedical image processing is an interdisciplinary field involving a variety of disciplines, e.g., electronics, computer science, physics, mathematics, physiology, and medicine. Several imaging techniques have been developed, providing many approaches to the study of the human body. Biomedical image processing is finding an increasing number of important applications in, for example, the study of the internal structure or function of an organ and the diagnosis or treatment of a disease. If associated with classification methods, it can support the development of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems, which could help medical doctors in refining their clinical picture

ホログラフィック光相関システムとその応用に関する研究

In this paper, the potential of realizing high-speed correlation with an enormous amount of data was experimentally shown in the optical correlation system for which the holographic shift multiplex recording method is introduced. I constructed a hologram recording method with uniform light energy based on spatial frequency distribution control, experimentally evaluated correlation signal for high-speed and high-density recording, and performed automatic control of optical experimental system.In addition, cross-domain image retrieval was realized, using a new coding method, in which machine learning techniques were introduced, widening the scopes of application for optical correlation systems.By using the experimental results of the high-speed optical correlation system, potential of the optical correlation with the enormous amount of data was demonstrated.In addition, the possibility that applications and scopes of the optical correlation system can be expanded was shown by fusion with digital information processing. Thus, the optical correlation system could induce a breakthrough in improving the performance of data analysis in our information-driven society. 昨今，世界中で取り扱われる情報量が爆発的に増加しており，膨大なデータを実時間で分析するデータ解析技術が求められている．しかし，現状の計算機を用いたデータ解析技術では，データ容量と処理速度は相反関係であるため，膨大なデータの実時間処理には多大なマシンパワーが必要となる課題がある．これは現状の計算機では記憶装置と演算装置によりデータ蓄積と演算を別々に処理するためそれらの間の転送速度がボトルネックとなり，ソフトウェア面からのみでの課題解決は難しい．したがって，ハードウェア実装による新規の並列コンピューティングはブレイクスルーとなる期待が大きく，これまでに Graphics Processing Unit および Resistive Random Access Memory による並列コンピューティング等が提案されている．このような背景のもと，本研究においては光相関技術に着目した．本論文では，ホログラフィック光多重記録手法を導入した光相関演算システムにおいて，空間周波数分布の制御により光エネルギーを均一化し，高速に高密度記録を行う手法の提案と実験評価，および光学実験系の自動制御化などにより，膨大なデータにおいても超高速相関演算を実現できる可能性を実験的に示した．更に，機械学習を導入した光相関用符号化技術により，クロスドメイン検索を実現し，光相関演算技術の適用分野を大幅に拡げた．本研究によって光相関システムの高速性が実験的に示されたことによって，デジタル情報処理技術との融合による光相関システムの応用展開可能性が拡がり，光相関システムが情報化社会におけるデータ解析性能向上のブレイクスルーとなり得ることを示した．電気通信大学201

Cumulative index to NASA Tech Briefs, 1986-1990, volumes 10-14

Tech Briefs are short announcements of new technology derived from the R&D activities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. These briefs emphasize information considered likely to be transferrable across industrial, regional, or disciplinary lines and are issued to encourage commercial application. This cumulative index of Tech Briefs contains abstracts and four indexes (subject, personal author, originating center, and Tech Brief number) and covers the period 1986 to 1990. The abstract section is organized by the following subject categories: electronic components and circuits, electronic systems, physical sciences, materials, computer programs, life sciences, mechanics, machinery, fabrication technology, and mathematics and information sciences

30 años (1977-2007): Centro de Investigaciones Ópticas (CIOp)

La edición de este libro fue financiada en parte por la Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires