Architecture and negotiation protocols for a smart parking system

Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanáSmart City uses emerging technologies to improve citizens’ quality of life. A branch of this topic is the Smart Parking, where the parking system implements intelligent mechanisms to simplify to the searching of parking spots and consequently decrease the traffic of cars. This work proposes an architecture using Multi-Agent System (MAS), enhanced with some holonic systems principles, that is capable to be applied to different range of parking systems, e.g., considering trucks, cars, or bicycles. Being a distributed architecture, a special attention is devoted to study the negotiation protocols that will regulate the behavior of autonomous and cooperative actors in the system, namely drivers and parking spots, during allocation process of parking spots to drivers. For this purpose, the Contract Net Protocol (CNP), English Auction, Dutch Auction and Faratin Auction were the tested, being the CNP the selected protocol for this problem. Also addressing the distributed nature of the system, some efforts were focused on the security of the messages exchanged between the agents was proposed using Secure Socket Layer (SSL). The proposed multi-agent systems architecture was implemented using JADE (Java Agent DEvelopment Framework), which is a FIPA-compliant agent development framework that simplifies the development of agent-based applications. The exchange of messages follows the FIPA-ACL protocol using the CNP protocol for the negotiation. The communication between the agents and the User Interface is performed through the use of Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol

Survey of smart parking systems

The large number of vehicles constantly seeking access to congested areas in cities means that finding a public parking place is often difficult and causes problems for drivers and citizens alike. In this context, strategies that guide vehicles from one point to another, looking for the most optimal path, are needed. Most contributions in the literature are routing strategies that take into account different criteria to select the optimal route required to find a parking space. This paper aims to identify the types of smart parking systems (SPS) that are available today, as well as investigate the kinds of vehicle detection techniques (VDT) they have and the algorithms or other methods they employ, in order to analyze where the development of these systems is at today. To do this, a survey of 274 publications from January 2012 to December 2019 was conducted. The survey considered four principal features: SPS types reported in the literature, the kinds of VDT used in these SPS, the algorithms or methods they implement, and the stage of development at which they are. Based on a search and extraction of results methodology, this work was able to effectively obtain the current state of the research area. In addition, the exhaustive study of the studies analyzed allowed for a discussion to be established concerning the main difficulties, as well as the gaps and open problems detected for the SPS. The results shown in this study may provide a base for future research on the subject.Fil: Diaz Ogás, Mathias Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Fabregat Gesa, Ramon. Universidad de Girona; EspañaFil: Aciar, Silvana Vanesa. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; Argentin

Open Space Acquisitions and Management Opportunities in the City of Atlanta and Adjacent Jurisdictions

The great cities of the world are distinguished by their public parks. The urban fabric of New York, Barcelona, Berlin, Moscow, Paris, Rome, Sydney, and Shanghai are all woven around great parks. Yet, with all of Atlanta's outstanding achievements, the City and the region have a notably undistinguished park system. In a study conducted by the Trust for Public Land and the Urban Land Institute, Atlanta ranks near the bottom of the nation's largest 25 cities in acreage of parkland per capita with 7.3 acres for every 1,000 residents. Compare that to Austin, Texas' 39 acres per 1,000 residents or Oklahoma City's 43 acres per 1,000 residents and it becomes clear that something is amiss in metro Atlanta.This study identifies the obstacles to acquiring and maintaining open and green spaces in the metro Atlanta region. Addressing open space shortages in metro Atlanta is a sizable task. This study could be considered the first step in a larger process. Time spent researching the various obstacles and opportunities regarding open space acquisition raised many questions that are beyond the scope of this project. A second phase might test the recommendations made in this phase by working with local officials on a few select projects, and begin to identify critical pieces of property in metro Atlanta that must be protected from development. A detailed inventory of significant open space and natural resources in the metro area that includes the existing inventory of land inside of Interstate 285 should be considered either as a separate study or included in this recommended second phase

An ontology-based spatial group decision support system for site selection application

This paper presents a new ontology-based multicriteria spatial group decision support system (GDSS) dedicated to site selection problems. Site selection is one of the most complex problems in the construction of a new building. It presents a crucial problem in terms of selecting the appropriate site among a group of decision makers with multiple alternatives (sites); in addition, the site must satisfy several criteria. To deal with this, the present paper introduces an ontology based multicriteria analysis method to solve semantic heterogeneity in vocabulary used by participants in spatial group decision support systems. The advantages of using ontology in GDSS are many: i) it enables the integration of heterogeneous sources of data available on the web and ii) it enables to facilitate meaning and sharing of data used in GDSS by participants. In order to facilitate cooperation and collaboration between participants in GDSS, our work aims to apply ontology at the model's structuration phase. The proposed system has been successfully implemented and exploited for a personalized environment

Advanced Information Services for Cognitive Behaviour of Travellers

Smart transportation is essentially leveraged by decision making of humans, especially behaviour of travellers. The behaviour (movements; information management) and the advanced information services are mutually entangled. The travellers and the ICT (integrated infocommunication systems of transportation) is considered as an undecomposable set, which has new cognitive capabilities. These capabilities are to be used for mobility related decisions in order to improve sustainability of transportation. In order to reveal, how these capabilities coelvolve with smart transportation comprehensive system and process-oriented scientific research had been launched. Herewith the basic definitions, the architecture and the operation of the integrated system of smart transportation and the model of the smart traveller have been presented following top-down approach of system engineering

Multi-agent automated negotiation for management of services in smart cities

The objective of this PhD thesis is the study, the design and the prototype implementation of an agent-based automated negotiation mechanism to support the development of smart Service Based Applications having as a reference scenario the smart cities of the future intended as a realistic market of services. this research shows that the use of the multi-agent paradigm and of automated negotiation for Service Based Applications in the context of Smart Cities is a approach that: allows to model a "smart" behaviour for the providers of SBAs; makes it possible the automate the composition of services based on specific user requirements of QoS, taking into account the variability of a market of services; allows the management of conflicting interests among providers and users of services in applications of Smart Mobility

A virtual factory for smart city service integration

In the last years, new technologies - referred as emerging information and communication technologies (EICTs), have appeared and are immersed in peoples' lives assisting them and facilitating their daily activities. Taking advantage of the diffusion and infusion of these technologies, governments are using EICTs to deliver better public services to citizens. However, to address citizens' demands and to provide customer oriented services governments face various types of challenges. The aim of this research work is to provide solutions to some of the challenges, in particular to the rapid development of electronic public services (EPS) and the service integration in the context of development of smart cities. Following the aim, we propose an approach, called Virtual Factory for Smart City Service Integration. The idea of the virtual factory is to provide a framework to automatically produce software based on a given set of specifications of a family of EPS taking advantage of similarities in the EPS business processes. The expected contributions of this research work is to produce a domain specific language (DSL) for service specification and supporting tools that based on the produced specifications, workflow techniques and ideas of software product lines (SPL) can automatically produce software applications for EPS that can be easily parameterized and completed.(undefined

Using trust degree for agents in order to assign spots in a Smart Parking

The process of searching for a parking spot could be a problem. There are computing solutions being developed to optimize this problem. One of these solutions is using multiagent systems (MAS). In this paper a MAS is developed in order to allocate spots in a smart parking using the framework JaCaMo. This MAS comprises of two types of agents: manager and drivers. The manager is responsible to administrate the parking spots which will be assigned for drivers according to a corresponding degree of trust. The trust degree is a value which shows the commitment of the driver before the manager. In order to verify the effectiveness of the MAS, several simulations were conducted in empirical scenarios. Experiments shows that the trust degree impacts in the parking spot allocation process